• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.394.2-394.2
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• 2014

We fabricated highly transparent and flexible Ti doped In2O3 (TIO)/Ag nanowire(NW)/TIO (TAT) multilayer electrodes by linear facing target sputtering (LFTS) and brush-painting for used as flexible for anode organic solar cells(FOSCs). The characteristics of TAT transparent anode as a function of number of brush-painting cycles was also investigated. At optimized conditions we achieved highly flexible TAT multilayer electrodes with a low sheet resistance of $9.01{\Omega}/square$ and a high diffusive transmittance more than 80% in visible region as well as superior mechanical stability. The effective embedment of the Ag NW network between top and bottom TIO films led to a metallic conductivity, high transparency. Based on FE-SEM HRTEM, and XRD analysis, we can find that the Ag NW network was effectively embedded between top and bottom TIO layers due to good flexibility of Ag NW, the TAT multilayer showed superior flexibility than single TIO layer. Successful operation of FOSCs with high power conversion efficiency of 3.01% indicates that TAT hybrid electrode is a promising alternative to conventional ITO electrode for high performance FOSCs.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.147-151
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• 2023

Transparent ZnO (100 nm thick) and ZnO/Ti/ZnO (ZTZ) films were prepared with radio frequency (RF) and direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering on the glass substrate at room temperature. During the ZTZ film deposition, the thickness of the Ti interlayer was varied, such as 6, 9, 12, and 15 nm, while the thickness of ZnO films was kept at 50 nm to investigate the effect of the Ti interlayer on the crystallization and opto-electrical performance of the films. From the XRD pattern, it is concluded that the 9 nm thick Ti interlayer showed some characteristic peaks of Ti (200) and (220), and the grain size of the ZnO (002) enlarged from 13.32 to 15.28 nm as Ti interlayer thickness increased. In an opto-electrical performance observation, ZnO single-layer films show a figure of merit of 1.4×10^-11 Ω^-1, while ZTZ films with a 9 nm-thick Ti interlayer show a higher figure of merit of 2.0×10^-5 Ω^-1.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.1989-1992
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• 2012

We present a low temperature (${\approx}70^{\circ}C$) method to prepare anatase, vertically aligned feather-like $TiO_2$ (VAFT) nanowire arrays $via$ reactive pulsed DC magnetron sputtering. The synthesis method is general, offering a promising strategy for preparing crystalline nanowire metal oxide films for applications including gas sensing, photocatalysis, and 3rd generation photovoltaics. As an example application, anatase nanowire films are grown on fluorine doped tin oxide coated glass substrates and used as the photoanode in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). AM1.5G power conversion efficiencies for the solar cells made of 1 ${\mu}m$ thick VAFT have reached 0.42%, which compares favorably to solar cells made of the same thickness P25 $TiO_2$ (0.35%).

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.363-367
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• 2022

Transparent ZnO/Ti/ZnO (ZTZ) tri-layered films were prepared with radio frequency (RF) and direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering on the glass substrate. The thickness of the ZnO and Ti films was kept at 50 and 10 nm to consider the effect of the electron irradiation on the crystallization and optoelectrical properties of the films. From the XRD spectra, post-depostion electron irradiated films showed the characteristic peaks of ZnO(002) and Ti(200), respectively. the observed grain size of the ZnO(002) and Ti(200) enlarged up to 18.27 and 12.16 nm at an irradiation condition of 750 eV. In the figure of merit which means an optoelectrical performance of the films, as deposited films show a figure of merit of 2.0×10^-5 𝛺^-1, while the films electron irradiated at 750 eV show a higher figure of merit of 5.7×10^-5 𝛺^-1.

• 폴리머
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.347-352
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• 2009

전자종이 등 전기영동을 이용한 디스플레이 기술에 사용하기 위한 대전 입자를 유무기 복합 형태로 제조하였다. $TiO_3$와 $Co_3O_4$를 core 입자로 사용하여 Poly(methyl methacrylate)를 분산 중합으로 코팅하였다. 또한, 코팅 고분자에 charge moiety를 부여하여 $TiO_2$ core 입자는 양전하의 복합입자로 $Co_3O_4$ core 입자는 음전하의 복합입자로 제조하였다. 제조된 대전입자는 중합 후 구형의 형태를 갖게 되었음을 전자현미경을 통하여 확인을 하였다. 대전 복합입자를 전기영동에 사용하기 위하여 전기영동 유체와 유사한 밀도를 갖도록 조절하였다. $TiO_2$ 입자의 밀도는 고분자 코팅 전후 4.02 g/$cm^3$에서 1.44 g/$cm^3$로 변화하였고, $Co_3O_4$ 입자의 경우 입자의 밀도가 6.11 g/$cm^3$에서 1.49 g/$cm^3$로 변화하였다. Urea, melamine, formaldehyde를 벽물질로 하여 흑백 입자를 각각 포함하는 microcapsule을 in-situ polymerization 방법으로 제조하였으며, 균일한 크기와 투명한 microcapsule이 제조되었음을 video 현미경을 통하여 확인하였다.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.205-210
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• 2008

Titanium-doped indium oxide (ITiO) films were prepared on soda-lime glass substrate using a magnetic null discharge (MND) sputter source. The ITiO thin films containing 10wt.% Ti showed the minimum resistivity of $\rho=5.5{\times}10^{-3}{\Omega}-cm$. The optical transmittance increases from 70% at 450 nm to 80% at 700 nm in visible spectrum. Photoelectron peaks for In 3d, Ti 2p, O 1s and C1s were detected for the ITiO film in the binding energy range of 0 to 1100 eV. The surface roughness of the sample showed a change from 10 nm to 50 nm. The ITiO film used for TCO layer of DSCs exhibited an energy conversion efficiency of about 3.8% at light intensity of 100 mW/$cm^2$.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.765-773
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• 2000

$TiO_2$ 코팅매체를 이용한 humid acid의 광분해 특성을 조사하였다. $TiO_2$ 코팅은 $TiOCl_2$ 수용액을 암모니아수로 침전시킨 겔을 과산화수소로 용해한 용액 혹은 졸이나 titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP)의 가수분해로부터 제조한 졸을 이용하여 dip-coating법으로 제조하였다. Titanium peroxo 용액을 열처리하여 제조한 졸을 이용한 코팅층은 X-선 회절 분석으로부터 $25^{\circ}C{\sim}500^{\circ}C$ 온도 범위에서 모두 anatase형 결정구조를 가지고 있었다. 반면에 TTIP의 가수분해로 생성된 졸로부터 만든 코팅막은 $400^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 anatase의 결정형이 나타났다. 이로부터 titanium peroxo 용액을 열처리하여 제조한 졸은 내열성 및 비내열성 기판에도 결정성 $TiO_2$ 코팅층을 만들 수 있는 장점이 있다. 코팅막의 두께 및 균일성은 인출속도, 코팅졸의 농도 및 코팅 횟수에 영향을 받았으며, 코팅막의 두께에 따라 다양한 간섭색상을 나타냈다. 0.2M 졸을 이용하여 인출속도 2.5cm/min로 2회 코팅했을 경우, 약 50nm 두께의 투명하면서도 균일한 흐린 남색을 띠는 $TiO_2$ 코팅막을 얻을 수 있었다. 이상의 방법으로 직경 0.3cm의 유리구슬에 $TiO_2$ 코팅막을 제조한 후 $580cm^3$의 반응조를 사용하여 $UV/H_2O_2$ 공정으로 humic acid를 40분 동안 광반응시킨 결과, 초기 시료의 $COD_{cr}$ (40ppm) 을 약 85% 이상, 흡광물질을 약 95% 이상 제거하였다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.126-130
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• 2011

Transparent conductive oxide (TCO) is an important part in the construction of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) because of its low sheet resistance, sufficient light transparent ability and high photoelectrical response as a porous photo-electrode material of DSCs. However, the use of TCO for the two DSC electrodes can result in significant cost increase for the less effective DSCs compared to Si based solar cell. Therefore, the replacement of TCO is required for the commercial production of DSCs. In this study, TCO electrodes are replaced by stainless steel mesh. The 3.44[%] efficiency of the prepared TCO-less DSCs sample was obtained.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제32A권1호
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• pp.152-158
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• 1995

Eteching characteristics of the Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), which is transparent conductor, was investigated with CH4/H2 and Ar as etching gases for the Reactive Ion Etching (RIE). With CH4/H2 for the etching gas, the highly selective etching characteristics for the ITO on GaAs was obtained. It was examined that the dominant etching parameter for the selective etchning of ITO on GaAs structure was the chamber pressure. But, the etching selectivity for ITO on InP was poor eventhough we tried systematic etching. RIE etching conditins using CH4/H2 gas was limited due to the formation of polymer on the substrates. In the case of Ar gas for the reactive gas, the selectivity of ITO on BaTiO3 was above 10. The etch rete of ITO was more sensitive to the etching parameters than that of BaTiO3, which was almost constant with different etching parameters.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2021

Time-temperature integrators (TTIs) based on aqueous enzyme solutions produce transparent colors which lead to difficulty in distinguishing its color change by naked eye. In this present study, this issue has been solved by increasing the opacity of laccase-based TTI without changes in the kinetics (same zero-order reaction) and temperature dependency (similar Arrhenius activation energy values) of the color change. The opacity was increased by introducing TiO₂, latex, BaSO₄, or ZnO, in combination with a hydrocolloid (xanthan gum, acacia gum, pectin, and CMC) into the TTI system. The combination of TiO₂ and xanthan gum was the best. This finding broadened the advantages of laccase-based TTI to more practical uses for consumer convenience.