• 한국진공학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.102-108
• /
• 2008

대향 타겟식 스퍼터링법 (Facing Targets Sputtering)을 이용하여 유리기판위에 증착한 Ag/ZnO 다층 박막의 특성을 연구하였다. Ag 박막의 높은 전도도와 투과율을 나타내는 공정조건을 찾기 위하여, 증착시간, 기판온도 변화에 따른 Ag박막의 특성을 살펴보았으며, ZnO 박막의 두께 변화에 따른 Ag/ZnO 다층박막의 특성을 살펴보았다, 10초간 증착한 Ag 박막은 연속된 막구조를 가지지 못하여, 30초간 증착된 막에 비해 전기적, 광학적 특성이 저하되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. ZnO 박막의 AFM 측정 결과 박막의 거칠기(Rrms) 값의 변화에 따라 Ag/ZnO박막의 특성에 영향을 미쳤으며, 거칠지 않은 표면을 지닌 박막에서 Ag 박막 증착 시 좋은 특성을 나타냈다. 제작된 박막은 four point probe, UV/VIS spectrometer, AFM을 사용하여 전기적, 광학적, 구조적 특성을 조사하였다. 제작결과 Ag/ZnO 다층박막의 면저항은 9.25 $[\Omega/sq.]$을 나타내었으며, 가시광영역에서 광투과율은 80%이상을 나타내었다.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.65-77
• /
• 1982

The intent of this study was to focus attention on the relationship between curtain fabrics and consumer perceptions towards curtains and draperies. This study consisted of the laboratory test for thermal transmittance of selected fabrics and the exploratory survey for consumer perceptions towards curtains and draperies. The objectives of the laboratory test were to measure fabric's thermal transmittance, thickness, and count which affect to the effect in heat controlling. Selected 23 fabrics were tested at Korean Yarn and Fabrics Testing Inspection Institute. The objectives of the exploratory survey were to determine sociodemographic factors; the stage of family life cycle, the economics status, and homemaker's level of education, and physical factors; the type of houses, the direction of windows, and the type of windows, affect consumer perceptions toward curtains and draperies. Questionaires were administered to 489 homemakers selected by a stratified propotional sampling plan, in Seoul in October, 1981. Data from responses were analyzed by T-test(Analysis of Varience) and Partial Correlation. The major findings are as follows; 1. The results of the laboratory test 1) The fabrics used for draperies had higher effect in heat controlling than the fabrics used for glass curtains. 2) It did not show much differences among the fibers in heat controlling. The thicker fibers, however, had the higher effect in heat controlling among same fibers. 3) The fabrics which had high level of effect I heat controlling were corduroy, flax, rayon, nylon, acetate, thick polyester, and thick polyacrylic. The fabrics which had midium level of affect in heat controlling were velveteen, velvet, and thin polyester. The fabrics which had low level of effect in heat controlling were cotton, silk, and thin polyarcylic. 4) The draperies with lining showed 2∼5 times more effective in heat controlling than the draperies without lining. 2. The results of the exploratory survey Consumer perceptions towards curtains and draperies consisted of functional, financial, and aesthetic perception. 1) Factor affecting functional perception towards curtains and draperies was the stage of family life cycle. Families in the contracting stage considered function of curtains and draperies significantly better than those in others stages. 2) Factors affecting financial perception towards curtains and draperies were the economic status, homemaker's level of education, the direction of windows, and the type of windows. However the correlation between the factors and financial perception was too low to explain the significance of tendency. 3) There was not any factors affecting aesthetic perception towards curtains and draperies.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.831-840
• /
• 2019

액정을 이용하는 X-선 검출기에서 전면광원을 적용하는 액정 X선 검출기를 제안하였고 X선 영상을 찍어 작동을 확인하였다. 제안한 방식은 빛을 이용하므로 트랜지스터를 이용하는 방식에 비해 잡음이 적고 제작 비용을 낮출 수 있다. 액정을 이용하는 검출기는 광도전층을 이용하여 입사 X선을 액정의 분자 배열 변화로 유도하고 액정을 통과하는 빛의 변화량을 읽도록 한다. X선을 조사하고 잰 빛의 투과율과 이것에 대응되는 기준투과율 곡선의 전압으로부터 X선 조사량을 교정(Calibration)하는 과정을 정립하였다. 비정질 셀레늄을 광도전층으로 적용하였으며 200℃ 이상의 고온 처리가 필요한 배향막 공정 대신 패럴린 배향막을 사용하는 공정을 확립하였다. 제안된 액정 X선 검출기의 경우, 방사선량을 획기적으로 줄일 수 있다는 것을 시뮬레이션으로 보였다. 제안된 방식의 X-선 검출기를 제작하고 액정 바이어스 전압을 조절하며 X-선 라인 영상을 비교하였으며 고정 바이어스에서 시간에 따른 이미지 변화를 관찰하였다. 영상사진으로 10 lines/mm의 선패턴을 구별할 수 있었다. 이러한 실험을 바탕으로 검출 패널의 위상이 3π 정도인 17인치 시제품에 적용하여 저선량 액정 X선 검출기의 상용화를 추진할 예정이다.

• 한국광학회지
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.343-348
• /
• 2003

자체 제작한 고밀도(이론 밀도의 99%) ITO(I $n_2$ $O_3$:Sn $O_2$=90 wt%) 타깃과 직류 마그네트론 스퍼터링 방법을 이용하여 산소분압 $P_{o_{2}}$ (0 $P_{o_{2}}$ $\leq$$10^{-5}$ torr)와 성장 온도 Ts(10$0^{\circ}C$ $T_{s}$$\leq$35$0^{\circ}C$)를 변화시키면서 ITO 박막을 제작하고 전기적, 광학적 특성을 조사하였다. ITO박막의 비저항은 제작 온도가 증가함에 따라 감소하다가 $T_{s}$=30$0^{\circ}C$일 때 최저 비저항값 0.30 mΩ.cm를 나타내었고 $T_{s}$>30$0^{\circ}C$ 이상에서는 약간 증가하였다. $T_{s}$=30$0^{\circ}C$에서 제작한 ITO 박막의 최대 전하 농도는 6.6$\times$$10^{20}$ /㎤이었다. $T_{s}$를 고정하고 ITO 박막 제작 시 사용한 산소분압이 증가함에 따라 전하농도, 전하유동도는 급격하게 감소하여 비저항이 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다 ITO박막의 최저 비저항과 최대 전하 유동도는 각각 0.3 mΩ.cm와 39.3 $\textrm{cm}^2$/V.s였다. 또한 가시광 영역 (400~700 nm)에서 ITO박막의 광투과도는 80~90%로 높게 나타났다.나타났다.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• 제47권3호
• /
• pp.131-147
• /
• 2017

In this work further optical and electrical investigations of pure and Zr doped $Mn_3O_4$ (from 0 up to 20 at.%) thin films as a function of frequency. First, the refractive index, the extinction coefficient and the dielectric constants in terms of Zr content are reached from transmittance and reflectance data. The dispersion of the refractive index is discussed by means of Cauchy model and Wemple and DiDomenico single oscillator models. By exploiting these results, it was possible to estimate the plasma pulse ${\omega}_p$, the relaxation time ${\tau}$ and the dielectric constant ${\varepsilon}_{\infty}$. Second, we have performed original ac and dc conductivity studies inspired from Jonscher model and Arrhenius law. These studies helped establishing significant correlation between temperature, activation energy and Zr content. From the spectroscopy impedance analysis, we investigated the frequency relaxation phenomenon and hopping mechanisms of such thin films. Moreover, a special emphasis has been putted on the effect of the oxidation in air of hausmannite thin films to form $Mn_2O_3$ ones at $350^{\circ}C$. This intrigue phenomenon which occurred at such temperature is discussed along with this electrical study. Finally, all results have been discussed in terms of the thermal activation energies which were determined with two methods for both undoped and Zr doped $Mn_3O_4$ thin films in two temperature ranges.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제43권2호
• /
• pp.79-84
• /
• 2006

We studied the microstructure and magnetic property of the pulsed DC magnetron sputtered $Zn_{\0.8}Co_{0.2}O$ film as a function of substrate temperatures. The X-ray patterns of the $Zn_{\0.8}Co_{0.2}O$ film showed a strong (002) preferential orientation at $500^{\circ}C$. The films with a crystallite size of 23-35 nm were grown in the form of nano-sized structure and this tendency was remarkable with increasing substrate temperature. The UV-visible result showed that the $Zn_{\0.8}Co_{0.2}O$ film prepared above $300^{\circ}C$ has a high optical transmittance of over $80\%$ in the visible region. The absorption bands were observed due to sp-d interchange action by $Co^{2+}$ complex ion and dd transition in the region from 500 to 700nm. The resistivity of the film was below $10^{-1}\;\Omega-cm\;above\;300^{\circ}C$. The AGM analysis results for the all films showed the magnetic hysteresis curves of ferromagnetic nature. The low electrical resistivity and room temperature ferromagnetism of ZnCoO thin films 'deposited above $300^{\circ}C$ suggested the possibility for the application to Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors (DMSs).

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 및 기술 세미나 논문집 디스플레이 광소자
• /
• pp.43-43
• /
• 2008

Recently, it is widely studied to liquid crystal (LC) alignment using ion-beam exposure. Because conventional rubbing method has some problems such as defects from dust and electrostatic charges and rubbing scratch during rubbing process. Moreover rubbing method needs cleaning process to remove these defects. Therefore rubbing-free techniques like ion-beam method are strongly required. We studied LC alignment by controlling ion-beam irradiation angles and electro-optical (EO) characteristics of twisted nematic LC on the polyimide surface. In this experiment, a good uniform alignment of the nematic liquid crystal (NLC) with the ion-beam exposure on the polyimide (PI) surface was observed. We also achieved low pretilt angle as function of ion-beam irradiation angles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis provided chemical evidence for LC alignment by controlling ion-beam irradiation angles. In addition, it can be achieved the good EO properties of the ion-beam-aligned twisted nematic liquid crystal display (TN-LCD) on PI surface. Some other experiments results and discussion will be included in the presentation.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.98-105
• /
• 2000

The projectors using liquid crystal display(LCD) have faults such as low optical efficiency, low brightness and even heat generation. To solve these problems reflective-type spatial light modulators based on MEMS (Microelectromechanical Systems) technology have emerged. Digital Micromirror DeviceTM(DMDTM), which was already developed by Texas Instruments Inc., and Thin-film Micromirror ArrayTM(TMATM), which has been recently developed by Daewoo Electronics Co., are the representative examples. The display using TMATM has particularly much higher optical efficiency than other projectors. But the micromirrors manufactured by semiconductor processes have inevitable distortion because of the limitations of the manufacturing processes, so that the distortions of their surfaces have great influence on the optical efficiency of the projector. This study investigated the effects of mirror flatness on the optical performance, including the optical efficiency, of the TMATM projector. That is to say, as a part of the efforts to enhance the performance of the TMATM projector, how much influence the form errors of a micromirror surface exert on the optical efficiency and the modulation of gray scale of the projector were analyzed through a pertinent modeling and simulations.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.340-343
• /
• 2004

SrA1$_2$O$_4$를 착체중합법으로 합성하는 과정에 있어서 결정의 성장 거동을 연구하였다. 전구체를 900∼100$0^{\circ}C$의 온도범위에서 0∼10시간동안 열처리하였으며, XRD와 TEM을 이용하여 분석하였다 Scherrer's equation을 이용하여 결정자의 크기를 측정하였으며, 그 변화양상을 관찰하였다. 결정자의 크기는 초기 급격한 증가이후 시간의 제곱근에 따라 증가하였으며, 900, 980,그리고 100$0^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 10시간 열처리 이후에 32, 45, 그리고 59nm로 성장하였다. 결정성장속도는 열처리 온도가 증가함에 따라 4.5, 9.4, 그리고 18.6nm/h$^{1}$2/이였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제21권8호
• /
• pp.760-765
• /
• 2008

Low power laser therapy is internationally certified and is known to be effective in stimulating DNA in living organisms, increasing protein synthesis and activating cell division, smoothing blood circulation, promoting cell activation, cell regeneration and function. It also has anti-inflammatory, anti-edemic, anti-fibrous dysplastic and neuralogic hyperfunctional effects. This study was intended to verify the effect of LED irradiation therapy on wound healing in cell and animal tests by applying LED irradiator using a laser and laser diode, which was independently designed and developed to emit beams of similar wavelength to that of a laser. This equipment was fabricated using a micro-controller and a high brightness LED, and designed to enable us to control light irradiation time, intensity and reservation. In case of cell proliferation experiment, each experiment was performed to irradiation group and non-irradiation group for tissue cells. MTT assay method was chosen to verify the cell increase of two groups and the effect of irradiation on cell proliferation was examined by measuring 590 nm transmittance of micro-plate reader. In the wound healing experiment, 1$cm^2$ wounds on the skin wound of SD-Rat(Sprague-Dawley Rat) were made. Light irradiation group and none light irradiation group divided, each group was irradiated one hour a day for 9 days. As a result, the cell increase of tissue cells was verified in irradiation group as compared to non-irradiation group. And, compared with none light irradiation group, the lower incidence of inflammation and faster recovery was shown in light irradiation group.