• 비교문화연구
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• 제38권
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• pp.145-190
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• 2015

The objective of this paper is to investigate translated individual words in J. S. Gale's "Choon Yang" in comparison with its original OkJoongHwa("獄中花") while referring to early modern bilingual dictionaries and missionaries' ethnography. Gale faced a lot of translation difficulties because the source text had a very different cultural system from the object text. OkJoongHwa was a Korean pansori novel which meant it included many Korean characteristics. However, Gale considered its Korean characteristics were deeply connected with Chinese classics. Even famous people and place names cited from the Chinese classics in OkJoongHwa represented the Korean thinking. Gale tried to faithfully translate the source text as much as possible whether the words were Chinese or Korean. In this paper, we deal with mostly various translation aspects of the Chinese-letter words in OkJoongHwa. Gale's first method to translate words made of Chinese Character is transliteration, the examples of which are the name of Chinese famous people and places, and Chinese poems. The second method is to parallel transliteration and English interpretation equivalent to the Chinese Character. The examples are the names of main characters like "Spring Fragrance or Choonyang," "Mongyong, or Dream-Dragon" and in his translation of word play in Osa (Commissioner), or Kamsa (Governor), kaiksa (a dead beggar). The third is literal translation of Chinese idiomatic phrases as Gale translated 侵魚落雁 into "She'd make the fishes to sink and the wild-geese to drop from the sky." The fourth is a little free translation of the title of public office, the various names of Korean yamen servants and the unique Korean clothing and ornaments. We expect Gale's many translation difficulties as we can see the translated long list of yamen clerks and Korean clothing and ornaments. After our investigation of his translation practices in "Choon Yang" we conclude that he tried to translate its literary language very faithfully though he could not avoid inevitable loss caused by the cultural difference involved in two languages. Gale's "Choon Yang" contributed to introducing the uniqueness of the classical Korean novel and Korean culture to the world more than any other English translation works of that time through his faithful translation.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.387-401
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a Korean version of the Falls Efficacy Scale (K-FES), which is used to measure the fear of falling, that is conceptually equivalent to the original and culturally adaptable to the Korean population. Methods: A five-step translation and adaptation process was employed to create the K-FES, adhering to the established guidelines for cross-cultural rehabilitation outcome measures. The content validity was then evaluated by 22 rehabilitation professionals (15 males and 7 females) with an average clinical experience of 201 months at neurological rehabilitation centers. The content validity ratio and index were used as a basis for judgment. Results: The translation process identified inconsistencies with the terms "objects" and "telephone" in the original Falls Efficacy Scale, which were subsequently resolved in the final K-FES version. The content validity ratios for the original, second, and third versions of the K-FES ranged from -0.27-0.91, -0.27-0.91, and -0.27-0.91, respectively. Correspondingly, the content validity index values for the original, second, and third versions of the K-FES ranged from 0.77-1.00, 0.68-1.00, and 0.63-1.00, respectively. Conclusions: The K-FES was rigorously developed through translation, adaptation, and validation processes, making it a reliable tool for Korean stroke rehabilitation professionals. It is expected to be instrumental in clinical and research settings to assess postural stability and fall risk in patients with strokes and brain injuries.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제4권11호
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• pp.2874-2890
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• 1997

이 논문은 운영체제에 대한 호출들로 표현된 소프트웨어의 병렬성을 Ada로 번역하기 위한 방법론을 기술하고 있다. Legacy 소프트웨어들에 내재하는 병렬성은 주로 병렬 Process 또는 task들을 제어하는 운영체제 호출들로 표현된다. 본 논문에서 다루고 있는 예로서는 C 프로그램내부에서 사용하는 Unix 운영체제에 대한 호출과 더불어 CMS-2 프로그램에서 사용하는 ATES나 SDEX-20 운영체제의 Executive Service Routine들에 대한 호출들을 볼 수 있다. 소프트웨어 이해를 위한 다른 연구에서는 legacy 소프트웨어에 있는 운영체제호출을 또 다른 운영체제에 대한 호출로 번역하는 데에 역점을 두고 있다. 이런 연구에서는 소프트웨어를 이해하기 위해서 소프트웨어가 수행되는 운영체제에 대한 이해가 필수적으로 요구된다. 그런데 이런 운영체제는 보통 매우 복잡하거나 체계적으로 문서화되어 있지 않다. 본 논문에서의 연구는 legacy 소프트웨어에 있는 운영체제호출을 Ada 메커니즘을 이용한 동일한 프로토콜로 번역하는 데에 역점을 두고 있다. Ada로의 번역에 있어 이러한 호출들은 메시지에 기초한 kernel 중심 구조의scheme에 맞는 의미적으로 동일한 Ada 코드로 대표된다. 번역을 용이하게 하기 위하여 데이터 구조, task, Procedure, message들을 위해 library에 있는 template들을 사용한다. 이 방법론은 소프트웨어 재 ${\cdot}$ 역공학측면에서 운영체제를 Ada로 modeling하는 새로운 접근방식이다. 이 방식에는 소프트웨어 이해를 위하여 기존 운영 체제에 대한 지식이 필요하지 않다. 왜냐하면, legacy 소프트웨어에 내재했던 운영체제에 대한 종속성이 제거되었기 때문이다. 이렇게 번역된 Ada 소프트웨어는 여러 Ada실행환경 에서 이식이 가능하고 또한 소프트웨어들간에 상호작동성이 좋다. 이 방식은 다른 legacy 소프트웨어 시스템의 운영체제호출들도 처리할 수 있다．

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제2권6호
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• pp.94-101
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• 1994

About vibration model of Six-degrees-of-freedom(DOF), in mass load, examined results for knowing dynamic interference and response variation is as follows; In case of putting mass load upon the object, experimented results on two-degrees-of-freedom of the translation-1 direction and the rotation-1 direction at open-loop-control system, about 0.19 arcsed in input of the translation-$0.1{\mu}m$ and $0.022{\mu}m$ on input of the rotation-0.5 arcsec, the justicse of motion equation is acknowledged as confirming the appearance of the interference-$0.022{\mu}m$. In establishing calculation of transformation matrix by using analogue circuit, as simulating results that used incomplete differentiation, interference is $1.7{\times}10^{-3}$ arcsec on input of the translation-$0.1{\mu}m$ and $1.4{\times}10^{4}{\mu}m$ on input of the rotation-0.5 arcsec in open-loop-control system. Also it is $4.2{\times}10^{-4}$ arcsec on input of the translation-$0.1{\mu}m$ and $5.6{\times}10^{-5}{\mu}m$ on input of the rotation-0.5 arcesc in closed-loop-control system. As closed-loop-control system is better than open-loop-control system, equivalent accordance is confirmed on original response. Finally, fundamental validity of this theory is acknowledged.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.1369-1400
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• 2013

The concept of "orbifold embedding" is introduced. This is more general than sub-orbifolds. Some properties of orbifold embeddings are studied, and in the case of translation groupoids, orbifold embedding is shown to be equivalent to a strong equivariant immersion.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.219-234
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• 2014

음악과 수학은 구조적인 유사성이 많다. 음악에서 중요하게 사용하는 장,단3화음은 서로 음정의 순서가 뒤바뀐 전회(Inversion)관계가 되는데 이는 수학적으로 반사(reflection)에 해당한다. 기하학적인 표현은 수학에서뿐만 아니라 음악에서도 그 구조를 이해하는데 도움이 되는데 음악에서 조성관계를 나타낸 도표를 톤네츠(Tonnetz)라고 한다. 톤네츠를 활용하면 장,단3화음의 반사 관계를 쉽게 파악할 수 있고 또한 이도(transposition)를 평행이동(translation)으로 나타낼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 톤네츠를 살펴보고 수학적 원리로 새롭게 구성한 S-Tonnetz를 소개한다.

• 전자공학회논문지C
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• 제36C권2호
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• pp.37-45
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• 1999

CORBA IDL과 RMI는 대표적인 분산 객체 모델로서 분산 처리를 위한 서로 다른 접근 방식을 제공한다. CORBA 규약은 모든 프로그래밍 환경을 지원하는 범용성을 목표로 하고 있으나 또 다른 분산 프로그래밍 환경인 RMI과는 상호 호환성이 결여되어 있다. 본 논문에서는 상호 호환성이 결여된 두 분산 환경하에서 생성된 객체 사이의 상호 연동성(interoperability)을 지원하기 위한 한 방편으로서 객체 번역 시스템을 구현하였다. 제안된 시스템은 분산 객체의 중요한 특성인 바인딩, 상속성, 다형성, 객체의 전달, 콜백을 고려하여 설계되었다. 시스템의 유용성을 검증하기 위하여 하나의 분산 응용 프로그램을 제안하였고 이를 RMI 환경하에서 개발한 뒤 CORBA 버전으로 번역을 시도하였다. 또한, 시스템에 의해 자동 생성된 프로그램과 CORBA IDL의 지원에 의해 구현된 프로그램과의 성능을 상속성, 객체의 전달, 다형성 중심으로 비교 및 분석하였다. 실험 결과, 제안된 번역 시스템에 의한 프로그램이 분산 환경의 지원을 받아 직접 구현된 프로그램과 대등한 성능을 발휘함을 확인 하였다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 1995

The progress of periodontal disease and the wound healing process after treatment result in alveolar bone bone change. So, detection of it is very important in the diagnosis and the radiograph of periodontal disease. Various effects have been made to assess the subtle alveolar bone change and digital subtraction radiography (DSR) has been reported to be the best method in evaluating it qualitatively and quantitatively. The present study was performed to estimate the detectable alveolar bone change qualitatively with digital subtraction radiography. For the in vitro study, 10 intraoral standard radiographs were taken from porcine dry mandible which a rectangular cortical bone chip of 0.1mm to 1.0mm thickness with 0.1mm increment was attached on the buccal surface. The radiographs without and with bone plates were reviewed at the same time by 10 observers and requested to detect the presence of cortical bone plates. Digital Subtraction radiograph was reviewed subsequently by using the DSR system(digital converter-256 grey-levels,DT 2851,Data Translation Co., U.S.A;IBM 386 ; CCD camera, FOTOVIX, Tamrom Co., Japan). The detectable thickness of cortical bone plate was O.4mm on the intraoral radiograph and 0.2mm on the subtaction images. For the human study, radiographs were taken from patients by using intraoral film holding device and aluminum reference wedge before and 3 month after bone graft and 1 week after osteoplasty. The grey level change was estimated in the subtraction images and calculated to aluminum equivalent thickness. The grey level of the grafted site was higher that that of healthy controls. Average grey levels of change on healthy controls were O.48mm aluminum equivalent. However, the amount of changes in grafted sites were 1.87mm aluminum thickness equivalent and in the site of osteoplasty were -1.49mm aluminum thickness equivalent. In conclusion, digital subtraction radiography was more effective in detecting as subtle change of alveolar bone than intraoral standard radiography. With the aid of quantitative analysis of digital subtraction radiography, alveolar bone resorption of apposition can be estimated during diagnosis and treatment of periodontally diseased patients.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1987년도 전기.전자공학 학술대회 논문집(II)
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• pp.1033-1037
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• 1987

This paper proposes a basic implementation of bi-directional transition system between Korean and Japanese. The syntactic structure of Korean language is very similar to that of Japanese. In order to use the same main program for bi-directional translation, system is classified into two parts. One is directly translatable part and the other is untranslatable part by direct matching because of different structure. Solving these problems, the syntactic and semantic informations control bi-directional interpreting process and make equivalent syntactic level between two languages.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and information Science
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 1998

In this paper, a new traffic sign detection algorithm.. and a symbol recognition algorithm are proposed. For traffic sign detection, a dominant color transform is introduced, which serves as a tool of highlighting a dominant primary color, while discarding the other two primary colors. For symbol recognition, the curvilinear shape distribution on a circle centered on the centroid of symbol, called a circular pattern vector, is used as a spatial feature of symbol. The circular pattern vector is invariant to scaling, translation, and rotation. As simulation results, the effectiveness of traffic sign detection and recognition algorithms are confirmed, and it is shown that group of circular patter vectors based on concentric circles is more effective than circular pattern vector of a single circle for a given equivalent number of elements of vectors.