• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2008

The object of this study is to measure the transit time and passage rate of capsule endoscopy (CE) in the gastrointestinal tract in medium sized beagle dogs ($7{\sim}13\;kg$). Animals were divided into four groups: only capsule (group 1, n=10), capsule+water (group 2, n=10), mettoclopramide+capsule (group 3, n=10), metoclopramide +capsule+water (group 4, n=10). The capsule transit times through the stomach and small bowel were evaluated by radiography findings. Gastric transit time (GTT), small intestinal transit time (SITT) and complete passage rate were measured in four groups. GTT's for each group were as follows; $45{\pm}20\;min$ (group 1), $117{\pm}35\;min$ (group 2), $150{\pm}40\;min$ (group 3), and $154{\pm}65\;min$ (group 4), while SITT's were $75{\pm}20\;min$ (group 1), $195{\pm}55\;min$ (group 2), $70{\pm}15\;min$ (group 3), and $76{\pm}15\;min$ (group 4). The complete passage rates were 20% (group 1), 40% (group 2), 20% (group 3), 50% (group 4). In all groups, if CE could pass through the pylorus, it passed all small intestinal tracts within 8 hours (battery life). Administration of water helped CE to pass pylori, except in case of metoclopramide administration. These results indicate that CE could be an useful tool for examining gastrointestinal diseases in the veterinary medicine.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.98-102
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on the treatment of 20 acute stroke patients with dysphagia. For both the treated and control groups, the basic facial stimulation training was conducted for 30 minutes, five times a week, for four weeks. NMES was performed on the treated group only, for 30 minutes each time. Both groups were evaluated according to the functional dysphagia scale (FDS) using a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS). After the treatment was performed for four weeks, the FDS results of the treated group showed a significance difference in oral transit time in the oral phase and in the triggering of pharyngeal swallow fluid, laryngeal elevation and epiglottic closure, nasal penetration, residue in valleculae, coating of pharyngeal wall after swallow fluid, and pharyngeal transit time in the pharyngeal phase. In addition, the treated group showed a significant difference in laryngeal elevation and epiglottic closure, nasal penetration, and pharyngeal transit time in the pharyngeal phase after the treatment compared to the control group. The results of this study showed that neuromuscular electrical stimulation may be an effective method of treating dysphagia in acute phase stroke patients.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.161-172
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• 2005

This study is to develop Bus Transit Route Analysis and Evaluation Model that can product the quantitative performance measures for Bus Transit Route Network Design. So far, in Korea, there are no so many models that evaluate a variety of other performance measures or service quality that are of concern to both the transit users and operator because of lower-level bus database system and transit route network analysis algorithm's limit. The BTRAEM in this research differ from the previous approach in that the BTRAEM employs a multiple path transit trip assignment model that explicitly considers the transfer and different travel time after boarding. And we develop input-output data structure and quantitative performance measure for the BTRAEM. In the numerical experimental applying BTRAEM to Mandl transit network, We got the meaningful results on performance measure of bus transit route network. In the future, we expect BTRAEM to give a good solution in real transit network.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.388-393
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• 2005

Private peering, public peering and transit are three common types of interconnection agreements between providers in the Internet. An important decision that an Internet service provider (ISP) has to make is which private peering/transit ISPs and Internet exchanges (IXs) to connect with to transfer traffic at a minimal cost. In this paper, we deal with the problem to find the minimum cost set of private peering/transit ISPs and IXs for a single ISP. There are given a set of destinations with traffic demands, and a set of potential private peering/transit ISPs and IXs with routing information (routes per destination, the average AS-hop count to each destination, etc.), cost functions and capacities. Our study first considers all the three interconnection types commonly used in real world practices. We show that the problem is NP-hard, and propose a heuristic algorithm for it. We then evaluate the quality of the heuristic solutions for a set of test instances via comparison with the optimal ones obtained by solving a mixed integer programming formulation of the problem. Computational results show that the proposed algorithm provides near-optimal solutions in a fast time.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1805-1816
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• 2009

The Bimodal Tram being developed in Korea is a new transit system that provides both benefits of rail and bus systems in terns of accessibility and fixed time schedule. The Bimodal Tram will change the role of transit system in Korea. This study developed a strategy of introducing the Bimodal Tram system by considering the travel demand and existing transit system at a city level. The transport/transit system varies depending on cities with respect to demographic characteristics, financial capabilities, etc. The strategies introduced here will help any cities where transport agencies are trying to introduce the Bimodal Tram as a new transit system.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.619-627
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• 2009

It is very important that reduce the maintenance cost and extend life time of the urban transit EMU through effective maintenance method research. The maintenance cost of the urban transit EMU shares 70%$\sim$80% of it's life cycle cost. It means that the maintenance cost is bigger than the introduction cost of the urban transit EMU. In this study, we were survey and analysis for the reliability centered maintenance of internal and external many industry parts. Finally, we suggested the reliability/availability management System of the Urban Transit EMU' Maintenance.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.41-56
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• 1994

This paper was a part of the risk management in planning a channel. It utilized Korea Marine Training & Research Institutes(KMTRI) which Houses a real-time, full-mission shiphandling simulator to examine the safety of the ship's transit in the planned channel of Asan port. 6 competent Captains participated in this study. The vessel modelled was a 60,000-ton ship. The two variables(factors) examined were environ-mental conditions such as flood-and-ebb current condition and day-and-night condition. The two variables were combined to produce four experimental conditions. To evaluate the safety of the environmental conditions, two categories of performance measures were analyzed. They were vessel's proximity to channel boundary and vessel controalbility. The findings regar-ding the effects of environmental conditions were as follows : - Closest Point of Approach(CPA) to channel boundary was enough for 60,000-ton ship to transit th-rough the channel with 99.999% confidence level. - Closest Point of Approach(CPA) to channel boundary further was under against-current condition than under with-current condition. -Vessel controlability was better under against-current condition than under with-current condition. -Vessel controlability was better under inbound transit than under outbound transit.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.296-303
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• 2016

In public transportation, smart cards have been introduced for the purpose of convenient payment systems. The smart card transaction data can be utilized not only for the exact and convenient payment but also for civil planning based on travel tracking of citizens. This paper focuses on the analysis of the transportation convenience using the smart card big data. To this end, a new index is developed to measure the transit convenience of each region by considering how passengers actually experience the transportation network in their travels. The movement data such as movement distance, time and amount between regions are utilized to access the public transportation convenience of each region. A smart card data of five working days in March is used to evaluate the transit convenience of each region in Seoul city. The contribution of this study is that a new transit convenience measure was developed based on the reality data. It is expected that this measure can be used as a means of quantitative analysis in civil planning such as a traffic policy or local policy.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.12
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• pp.2345-2350
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• 2008

Recently, ultrasound is becoming a universal way of treatment when it comes to clinic. The thermal effect of therapeutic ultrasound can raise the temperature of tissue without damage and thus increases the flow rate, and this leads to the oxygen transportation velocity of peripheral tissue and ultimately facilitates the metabolism. The purpose of this research is analyzing relations between PTT and transmission time of therapeutic ultrasound, and in this study the PTT variation due to respective transmission time of ultrasound upon 17 normal persons was measured and as a result, it was observed that PTT increases as transmission time of therapeutic ultrasound

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.31-39
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• 2012

This study has analyzed the effect of the housing affordability improvement of the residents in the metropolitan areas, applying Transit Supportive Home Loan (TSHL) which extends the loan amount according to the transportation cost saving based on Location Efficiency Mortgage (LEM) System in the USA. The previous studies focused on introducing LEM system to Korea, whereas this study has analyzed TSHL effect for the first time, taking into account the situation in Korea. For analysis, The Transportation Savings (TS) is calculated and Housing Affordability Index (HAI) is drawn by applying increased TS and DTI (Debt to Income), so the improvements of housing purchasing ability is examined by HAI's improvement. As a result, transit commute 1 (having own car) and transit commute 2 (without having own cars) respectively produce the TS of monthly average 36 thousand won and 110 thousand won in comparison with car using commute. Each additional loan (TSHL) amounts to 16.57 million won and 54.07 million won. As the distance is farther and the house price cheaper, the improvement of HAI is more outstanding. City hall area showed the highest improvements of HAI by 9.3% (transit commute 1) and 21.9% (transit commute 2) increase, in comparison with car using commute.