• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.3438-3454
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose a robust blind watermarking scheme for high-definition video. In the embedding process, luminance component of each frame is transformed by 2-dimensional fast Fourier transform (2D FFT). A secret key is used to generate a matrix of random numbers for the security of watermark information. The matrix is transformed by inverse steerable pyramid transform (SPT). We embed the watermark into the low and mid-frequency of 2D FFT coefficients with the transformed matrix. In the extraction process, the 2D FFT coefficients of each frame and the transformed matrix are transformed by SPT respectively, to produce two oriented sub-bands. We extract the watermark from each frame by cross-correlating two oriented sub-bands. If a video is degraded by some attacks, the watermarks of frames contain some errors. Thus, we use an ensemble position-based error correcting algorithm to estimate the errors and correct them. The experimental results show that the proposed watermarking algorithm is imperceptible and moreover is robust against various attacks. After embedding 64 bits of watermark into each frame, the average peak signal-to-noise ratio between original frames and embedded frames is 45.7 dB.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2005

The ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion, first identified in the chromosomal translocation in congenital fibrosarcoma, encodes a chimeric protein tyrosine kinase with potent transforming activity. ETV6-NTRK3-dependent transformation involves the joint action of NTRK3 signaling pathways, and aberrant cell cycle progression resulting from activation of Mek1 and Akt. The level of glutathione (GSH) was found to be markedly increased in ETV6-NTRK3-transformed NIH3T3 cells. The activities of the two GSH biosynthetic enzymes as well as of glutathione peroxidase, together with their mRNAs, were also higher in the transformed cells. The transformed cells were able to grow in the presence of GSH-depleting agents, whereas the control cells were not. L-Buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) inhibited activation of Mek1 and Akt in the transformed NIH3T3 cells. These observations imply that up-regulation of GSH biosynthesis plays a central role in ETV6-NTRK3-induced transformation.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.124-130
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• 1991

This study was conducted to obtain basic information about the transformation of ginseng tissue, identification of opine compound and protein, and saponin production from ginseng callus transformed with Ti-plasmic of AW$.$obacterium tumefaiens C58. Ginseng crown gall callus induced by pTiC58 could be continuously cultured on the Phytohormone-free medium. The transformation was reconfirmed by the detection and identification of opine compound, from the gall callus. The transformed ginseng callus contained higher amounts of protein than normal callus and the protein pattern of transformed callus was quite different from that of normal callus. The xylose which is not detected in the normal callus and ginseng root was identified in gall callus. The saponin contents of gall callus of ginseng were three times higher than that of normal callus, and ginsenoside composition of the transformed callus was similar to that of the cultivated ginseng root, but quite different from that of normal callus.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제52권7호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 다입출력 불확실 선형 플랜트를 위한 포화함수에 의한 연속 슬라이딩 면 변환 가변 구조 시스템이 주어진다. 이론적으로 불연속 슬라이딩 면 변환 가변구조 시스템을 제안한다. 사전에 결정된 슬라이딩 면 위에 슬라이딩 모드의 다입출력 존재 조건과 함께 페루프 지수 안정성에 대해 검토한다. 실제 응용을 위하여 포화 함수에 의하여 불연속 가변구조 시스템의 연속 근사화를 이룬다. 실제적인 관점에서 가변 구조 시스템의 내부 특성인 제어입력의 불연속성을 많이 개선한다, 설계 예와 시뮬레이션 연구를 통하여 제안된 연속 변환 가변구조 시스템 제어기의 유용성을 입증한다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(2)
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• pp.242-245
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• 2000

In this paper we present new idea to highly compress the images. The previous image is transformed with wavelet and the transformed data are transmitted. The previous image is subtracted from the next image. Then difference values per pixel are scanned to search motion areas and boundaries. In the motion boundaries, motion vectors and error values are transformed with wavelet and transmitted. We also include camera motion estimation and compensation. In this method this system has advantages of more compressive data, better quality of picture and shorter processing time compared to MPEG2, MPEG4.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.329-336
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• 2006

In the category of the group theoretic methods using invertible discrete group transformation, we give a useful relation between Emden-Fowler equations and nonlinear heat equation. In this paper, by means of appropriate transformations of discrete group analysis, the nonlinear hate equation transformed into the class of the Emden-Fowler equations. This approach shows that, under the group action, the solution of reference equation can be transformed into the solution of the transformed equation.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2012

By the works of Kondo and Sakai, it is known that Alexander polynomials of knots which are transformed into the trivial knot by a single crossing change are characterized. In this note, we will characterize Alexander polynomials of knots which are transformed into the trefoil knot (and into the figure-eight knot) by a single crossing change.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.277-284
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• 2000

The transformed sample Lorenz curve provides a powerful and easily computed goodness-of-fit test for exponentiality which does not depend on the unknown scale parameter. We compare the power of the transformed sample Lorenz curve statistic with the other goodness-of-fit tests for exponentiality against various alternatives through Monte Carlo methods and discuss the results.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.617-621
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• 2006

Coprinellus congregatus secreted a laccase isozyme when the culture was transferred to an acidic liquid medium (pH 4.1). The laccase cDNA gene (clac2) was used as a probe for cloning of the genomic laccase gene (lac2) including the promoter (Plac2). The open reading frame (ORF) of lac2 had 526 deduced amino acids and four conserved copper binding domains as other fungal laccases. Recombinant plasmid (pRSlac2p-cDNA) of lac2 cDNA with its own promoter was transformed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Expression of the transformed lac2 gene was induced by oxidative stress ($H_2O_2$) in yeast and the survival rate of the transformed yeast strain was greatly increased when compared with that of the control strain transformed with pRS316 yeast vector.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.172-179
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• 1991

In this paper we have proposed an efficient coding algorithm using directional filtering. First an image is transformed by using DCT which has better energy compaction and then the transformed image is divided into a low frequency component and several high frequency components. The transformed coefficients of each parts are transmitted respectively by using huffman code and these are transformed inversely at receiver. For the directional components total edge images are reconstructed at zero crossing points. We are able to reduce the amount of data by getting of complex component and making directional angles 90. As a results, this proposed method is better than that of Kunt in respect of processing time and memories. We have 38dB of image quality with objective measurement of PSNR and 0.26bpp of compression ratio which is acceptable.