• 대한금속재료학회지
• /
• 제46권11호
• /
• pp.713-724
• /
• 2008

The need to lower the weights of automotive vehicle and to improve the safety of cars has resulted in the development of high strength steels such as TRIP(Transformation Induced Plasticity) and DP (Dual Phase) steel. It is well known that the higher strength of steel shows the poorer press formability. Among the high strength steels, DP steel shows several good characteristics such as low yield ratio, high initial n value, high elongation, high bake hardenability and anti-aging property. However, there's a certain limit in application of DP steels to the automotive panel parts because their poor deep drawbility caused by martensite. In this study, the effect of alloying elements on the deep drawability and recrystallization texture in TS 440MPa grade DP steel with 0.015~0.02% carbon has been investigated on the base of SEM, TEM, XRD and EBSD analysis.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제55권6호
• /
• pp.894-902
• /
• 2022

This study investigated the effects of photoperiod (NL 12L:12D and LL 24L:0D) and body sizes (30 g and 50 g) on parr-smolt transformation, post-smolt growth and blood properties in the off-season parr-smolt stage of Atlantic salmon reared in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Potential off-season salmon smolt were reared in a freshwater RAS for 80 days and then all experimental fish were transferred to seawater. In both LL groups (LL-30 and LL-50), we recorded and increase in specific growth rate and reduction in feed conversion, although there were no significant difference in body size. The values of osmolality, and serum Na⁺, Cl^- and cortisol concentrations in the LL groups were maintained at lower levels than in NL group fish, and LL group fish were observed to recover to the pre-seawater adaptation state more rapidly than those in the NL group. ID chips were inserted in all smolts reared in freshwater. These fish were subsequently transferred to full-strength seawater and thereafter individual growth rates were monitored for 120 days. The results indicated that compared with smolt reared under natural photoperiodic condition, 24 h lighting in freshwater contributed to enhancing post-smolt specific growth rate in seawater.

• 대한한방종양학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.1-27
• /
• 1997

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Eunwhasagantang and Eunwhasagantangganokyong on the viability of tumor cells in vitro(MTT assay), on antitumor effects after Sarcoma-180 cells transplantation into the peritoneal cavity or left groin, and on decreased immune responses in mice induced by methotrexate. The extracts of its herbal medicines were orally administered for 14 or 21 days. To evaluate the effects of the Eunwhasagantang and Eunwhasagantangganokyong many items such as 50% inhibitory concentration($IC_{50}$), mean survival days, tumor and body weight for antitumor effects, and delayed type hypersensitivity, hemagglutinin titer, hemolysin titer, rosette forming cells, natural killer cell activity, lymphocyte transformation, productivity of interleukin-2 and phagocytic activity for immune responses were measured in ICR mice. The results were obtained as follows; 1. $IC_{50}$ of Eunwhasagantang treated group was 0.000204mg/ml on SNU-396 and that of Eunwhasagantangganokyong treated group was 0.000103mg／ml on SNU-1, those results indicate that the medicine has high antitumor activity. 2. Mean survival times in Eunwhasagantang and Eunwhasagantangganokyong treated groups were slightly increased with no significance, as compared with the control group. 3. Tumor weight in Eunwhasagantang and Eunwhasagantangganokyong treated group was depressed, as compared with the control group(p<0.01). 4. Body weight in Eunwhasagantang and Eunwhasagantangganokyong treated group was significantly increased, as compared with the control group(p<0.05). 5. Delayed type hypersensitivity in Eunwhasagantang and Eunwhasagantang-ganokyong treated group was slightly decreased with no significance, as compared with the control group. 6. Hemagglutinin titer in Eunwhasagantang and Eunwhasagantangganokyong treated group was slightly increased with no significance, as compared with the control group. 7. Hemolysin titer only in Eunwhasagantang treated group was significantly increased, as compared with the control group(p<0.01). 8. Rosette forming cells only in Eunwhasagantangganokyong treated group was slightly increased with no significance, as compared with the control group. 9. In the NK cell activity, the ratio of effector cells and target cells of the Eunwhasagantang treated group was significantly increased(p<0.01) in case which the ratio was 100: 1, and that of the Eunwhasagantangganokyong treated group was significantly increased(P<.01, p<0.05) in case which the ratio was 100:1, 50:1, as compared with the control group. 10. Lymphocyte trasnformation in Eunwhasagantang and Eunwhasagantangganokyong treated group was significantly increased, as compared with the control group(p<0.01). 11. Interleukin-2 in Eunwhasagantang and Eunwhasagantangganokyong treated group was significantly increased, as compared with the control group(p<0.05, p<0.01). 12. Phagocytic activity in Eunwhasagantang and Eunwhasagantangganokyong treated group was significantly increased, as compared with the control group(p<0.05). According to the above results, it could be suggested that Eunwhasagantang and Eunwhasagantangganokyong have prominent antitumor effects, and enhance both cellular and humoral immunity.

• 대한한방종양학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.99-128
• /
• 1997

In order to investigate the effects of Kyegyoksan on antitumor effects after Sarcoma 180 cells transplantation into the peritoneal cavity or left groin in mice, and immune depression in mice induced by methotrexate, the extracts of its herbal medicines were orally administered for 14 or 21 days. Experimental studies were performed for measureance of $IC_{50}$ in MTT assay, mean survival days, tumor and body weights for antitumor effects, delayed type hypersensitivity, hemagglutinine titer, hemolysin titer, rosette forming cells, interleukin-2 productivity, lymphocyte transformation, natural killer cell activity and phagocytic activity for immune responses in the immune depressed ICR mice, and SGOT, SGPT, BUN and creatinine for liver and kidney protective function in SO-rats. The results were obtained as follows: 1. From the results of MTT assay, the Kyegyoksan exstracts for SUN-1 and SUN-C4 were inhibited cell viability. 2. Mean survival time in Kyegyoksan-treated group was slightly increased with no effectiveness, as compared with the control group. 3. Tumor weight in Kyegyoksan-treated group was depressed with the statistical significance, as compared with the control group(p<0.01). 4. Body weight in Kyegyoksan-treated group was incresed with the statistical significance, as compared with the control group(p<0.05). 5. Delayed type hypersensitivity in Kyegyoksan-treated group was slightly incresed with no effctiveness, as compared with the control group. 6. Hemagglutinin titer in Kyegyoksan-treated group was incresed with the statistical significance(p<0.05), but hemolysin titer was slightly incresed with no effectiveness, as compared with the control group. 7. Rosette forming cells in Kyegyoksan-treated group was incresed with the statistical significance, as compared with the control group(p<0.001). 8. Interleukin-2 productivity in Kyegyoksan-treated group was incresed with the statistical significance, as compared with the control group(p<0.001). 9. Lymphocyte transfomation in Kyegyoksan-treated group was incresed with the statistical significance, as compared with the control group(p<0.01). 10. Natural killer cell activity in Kyegyoksan-treated group at E/T ratio 100 : 1 was incresed with the statistical significance(p<0.01), but at E/T ratio 50 : 1 and 10 : 1 was slightly incresed with no effectiveness, as compared with the control group. 11. Phagocytic activity in Kyegyoksan-treated group was slightly incresed with no effectiveness, as compared with the control group. 12. The levels of serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine in Kyegyoksan-treated group were not effective change, as compared with the control group. According to the above results, it could be suggested that Kyegyoksan have prominent antitumor effects, enhance both cellular and humoral immunity, and have no injury to liver and kidney functions.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.44-49
• /
• 2014

The effect of weldbond hybrid joining process on the mechanical behavior of single lap and L-tensile joints was investigated for the newly developed 1.2GPa grade ultra high strength TRIP(transformation induced plasticity) steel. In the case of single lap shear behavior, the weldbond joint of 1.2GPa TRIP steel showed lower maximum tensile load and elongation than that of the adhesive bonding only. It was considered to be due to the reduction of real adhesion area, which was caused by the degradation of adhesive near the spot weld, and the brittle fracture behavior of the spot weld joint. In the case of L-tensile behavior, however, the maximum tensile load of the weldbond joint of 1.2GPa TRIP steel was dramatically increased and the fracture mode was change to the base metal fracture which is desirable for the spot weld joint. These synergic effect of the weldbond hybrid joining process in 1.2GPa TRIP steel was considered to be due to the stress dissipation around the spot weld joint by the presence of adhesive which resulted in the change of crack propagation path.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.117-137
• /
• 2007

Objectives & Methods : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of Gentianae macrophyllase Radix herbal-acupuncture solution(GR-HAS) at Joksamni(ST36) on Collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) in DBA/1J mice. The author performed several experimental items to analyze arthritis evaluation, change of weight, spleen size and adhesion rate, change of cytokine level, IgG, IgM and anti-collagen II , change of immunocyte count, histological change of CIA mouse joint related with RA. Results : 1. In the GR-HA group, the arthritis index, the incidence of arthritis and joint edema were significantly decreased. 2. In GR-HA group, there were no weight loss and similarly maintained as normal group. Spleen size, adhesion rate and the edema and transformation of knee joint were low and similarly maintained as normal group. 3. In the GR-HA, cytokine level, IgG, IgM and anti-collagen II were significantly decreased. 4. In the GR-HA, the change of immunocyte count were similarly maintained as normal group. 5. In the histological changes of the CIA mouse joint, the cartilage destruction and synovial cell proliferation were decreased in the GR-HA(Hematoxylin and eosin stain). The collagen fiber expressions in the GR-HA were similar with that of the normal group(Masson's Trichrome stain) Conclusions : These results suggest that GR-HA at ST36 has an effect to control immune reaction and suppress inflammation, synovial cell proliferation and cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 2024

PURPOSE. The aim of this stuldy was to compare the clinical marginal fit of CAD-CAM inlays obtained from intraoral digital impression or addition silicone impression techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study included 31 inlays for prosthodontics purposes of 31 patients: 15 based on intraoral digital impressions (DI group); and 16 based on a conventional impression technique (CI group). Inlays included occlusal and a non-occlusal surface. Inlays were milled in ceramic. The inlay-teeth interface was replicated by placing each inlay in its corresponding uncemented clinical preparation and taking interface impressions with silicone material from occlusal and free surfaces. Interface analysis was made using white light confocal microscopy (WLCM) (scanning area: 694 × 510 ㎛²) from the impression samples. The gap size and the inlay overextension were measured from the microscopy topographies. For analytical purposes (i.e., 95-%-confidence intervals calculations and P-value calculations), the procedure REGRESS in SUDAAN was used to account for clustering (i.e., multiple measurements). For p-value calculation, the log transformation of the dependent variables was used to normalize the distributions. RESULTS. Marginal fit values for occlusal and free surfaces were affected by the type of impression. There were no differences between surfaces (occlusal vs. free). Gap obtained for DI group was 164 ± 84 ㎛ and that for CI group was 209 ± 104 ㎛, and there were statistical differences between them (p = .041). Mean overextension values were 60 ± 59 ㎛ for DI group and 67 ± 73 ㎛ for CI group, and there were no differences between then (p = .553). CONCLUSION. Digital impression achieved inlays with higher clinical marginal fit and performed better than the conventional silicone materials.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.151-158
• /
• 1976

The tuberculin test have been widely utilized to diagnose tuberculosis of the dairy cattle. It was reported that approximately 70% of the dairy cattle with positive tuberculin reaction in Korea had been non-pathogenic lesion. So the studies on the specific method to diagnose tuberculosis of them is really need in Korea. Therefore this study investigated upon the diagnostic method for cattle tuberculosis in the aspect of cellular-immunology. The results obtained in this investigation are summarized as follows: 1. All the tuberculin tests to the swine inoculated with BCG.(B group), Mycobacterium avium (A group) and Mycobacterium smegmatis (S group), respectively, were represented high positive reaction and were no differences in the species of inoculated bacteria. 2. In the migration inhibition test using Iymphocyte in circulating blood of the swine inoculated with three species of acid-fast bacteria respectively, the test to A group was represented slight positive for migration in the presence of $15{\mu}g/ml$-PPD and the other reaction were clear and total positive for migration inhibition in the presence of $25{\mu}g/ml$-PPD or more, and the test to B group was the same results as to A group approximately. The test to S group was represented slight positive for migration inhibition in the presence of $15{\mu}g/ml$-PPD, but the results were the same in the presence of $25{\mu}g/ml$-PPD and $35{\mu}g/ml$-PPD. These results showed that there were remarkable differences between group A, B and group S in the presence of $25{\mu}g/ml$-PPD and $35{\mu}g/ml$-PPD. 3. The transformation rates of lymphocyte in PPD treated tissue culture had no significance without any relation between PPD treatment and non-treatment but A group and B group showed significance. And A group and B group showed high significance in comparison with N group and S group in the LSD examination. 4. The infection rated in lymphocyte of BCG inoculated after 3 days tissue culturing were represented those of high infection but its cellular degeneration rates almost did not change. The infection rates in bacilli in N group and S group were low but after 3 days inoculation it shewed higher cellular degeneration.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.25-50
• /
• 2001

주의력결핍 ${\cdot}$ 과잉운동장애 아동과 정상 아동의 청각적 집중 과정의 차이를 비교하기 위해 13명의 남자 환자와 8명의 정상 남자아이에게 청각적 주의집중 과제를 제시하고 사건관련전위를 푸리에 변환과 웨이브렛 분석법으로 비교 조사하였다. 각 군 아동의 표준자극과 표적자극에 대한 사건관련전위 파형을 푸리에 변환을 통해 주파수 차원에서 서로 비교하였고, 각 군 안에서 표적자극과 표준자극을 주었을 때의 진폭을 비교하였다. 표준자극에 대해서는 거의 대부분의 주파수와 전극 위치에서 주의력결핍 ${\cdot}$ 과잉운동장애 아동이 정상아동보다 의미 있게 높은 전압을 나타내었다. 반면 표적자극에 대해서는 주의력결핍 ${\cdot}$ 과잉운동장애 아동이 정상 아동보다 더 높은 전압을 보이는 경우가 의미 있게 감소하였고 정상 아동이 주의력결핍 ${\cdot}$ 과잉운동장애 아동보다 큰 진폭을 나타내는 경우는 의미 있게 증가하였다. 이런 결과는 주의집중을 반영하는 Nd파형의 푸리에 변환 결과에서도 나타났다. 즉 주의력결핍 ${\cdot}$ 과잉운동장애 아동은 무시해야 하는 자극에 대해서는 정상 아동보다 지나치게 강한 반응을 보이지만 정작 과제를 수행해야 하는 자극에 대해서는 정상 아동보다 더 약한반응을 보이는 경향을 보였다. 주의력결핍 ${\cdot}$ 과잉운동장애 아동은 정상 아동 보다 표적자극에 의한 진폭 증가를 보인 전극과 주파수 영역이 적었을 뿐 아니라 일부 파형은 표준자극을 주었을 때보다 표적자극을 주었을때 오히려 진폭이 의미 있게 감소하여서 이들이 표적자극에 대해 활성이 억제됨을 알 수 있었다. 정상 아동들은 표준자극보다 표적자극에 대해서 거의 모든 전극 위치와 주파수 대열에서 의미 있는 진폭의 증가를 보였으나 전전두엽과 전두엽의 전극에서는 주의력결핍 ${\cdot}$ 과잉운동장애 아동이 더 큰 진폭을 보이는 경우가 관찰되었다. 웨이브렛 분석 결과 표준자극에 대해서는 주의력결핍 ${\cdot}$ 과잉운동장애 아동이 정상 아동보다 자극이 제시된 후 $0{\sim}300msec$ 사이에 일어나는 전위가 통계적으로 의미 있게 컸다. 이런 차이는 주로 전전두엽과 전두엽 앞쪽, 그리고 측두엽 일부와 후두엽에서 두드러졌다. 그러나 두정엽과 중앙 영역의 전극들은 특히 $300{\sim}370msec$ 이내에 일어나는 전위에서 정상 아동이 더 활발한 전기 활동을 나타내었다. 표적자극에 대해서는 두 군 모두 표준자극보다 전기 활성이 더 증가한 양상이었다. 표적자극에 대해서 주의력결핍 ${\cdot}$ 과잉운동장애 아동은 전전두엽과 전두엽 영역에서는 여전히 정상 아동보다 더 활발한 전기 활성을 보였으나 두정엽과 측두엽에서는 정상 아동이 더 큰 진폭을 나타내었다. 이로써 주의력결핍 ${\cdot}$ 과잉운동장애 아동은 무시해야 하는 자극에 대해서는 지나친 반응을 보이며 주의집중을 필요로 하는 자극에 대해서는 정상 아동보다 저하된 반응을 보이는 것이 확인되었다. 이와 함께 푸리에 변환 등 주파수 차원 분석법과 웨이브렛 분석 방법의 유용성을 알아보았다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.203-220
• /
• 1989

Ever since the expression of new tumor-specific antigens was reported during malignant transformation, studies on separation, purification and characterization of these proteins have been so activated recently. Following experiment was performed to observe tumor-specific antigens by implanting DMBA pellet into submaxillary gland of rat for inducing salivary gland tumor. After dividing 280 rats into 2 groups, in control group, sham operation was performed on right submaxillary gland and, in experimental group, DMBA pellet (5mg) was implanted into right submaxillary gland. Then proteins from excised submaxillary gland by killing 10 rats every two weeks for 28 weeks were extracted with 3M KCl, and SDS-PAGE and PAS-staining were carried out for biochemical examination. The obtained results were summarized as follows; 1) At 12th week since implantation of DMBA pellet, tumor mass formation was inspected. And dysplasia at 6th week and invasive epidermoid carcinoma at 10th week were observed by microscope. 2) In control group, the weight ratio of both submaxillary glands had no any change, however, in experimental group, the ratio was increased remarkably. And at 28th week after DMBA implantation, there was more than 15 times of differences in weight between control and experimental group. 3) There was no DMBA remnant after 22nd experimental week. 4) In the SDS-PAGE, high molecular protein bands (more than 100 kd) were appeared much, and new prominent protein bands (66, 48, 41.5, 39, 37, 37.5 kd) were appeared after 4th week since DMBA implantation. However, 38, 27, 22kd protein bands were disappeared. 5) In PAS-staining, high molecular proteins were proteins were all glycoproteins and 37.5kd protein was proved as to be glycoprotein. And 38kd glycoprotein was disappeared after 4th week since DMBA implantation.