• Animal cells and systems
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.119-125
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• 2009

Mammalian hibernation is a type of natural adaptation that allows organisms to avoid harsh environment and to increase the possibility of survival. To investigate the molecular link between circadian and hibernating rhythms in the greater tube-nosed bats, Murina leucogaster, we set out to identify circadian genes that are expressed in bats, with specific focus on the PAS domain by using PCR-based screens. We could isolate a eDNA clone, designated as LPAS1, that encodes a protein of 521 amino acid residues. LPAS1 is closely related with CLOCK family with the highest homology to human CLOCK. Based on RT-PCR analyses, LPAS1 transcripts are ubiquitously present in tissues from both summer active and winter dormant periods. Given that LPAS1 is a member of the bHLH-PAS protein superfamily but lacks polyglutamine transactivation domains, it is likely to function as a repressor for endogenous CLOCK to hinder its roles in promoting transcription. Our result will open a new avenue to further examine the functional interconnection between the circadian clock and the circannual clock such as mammalian hibernation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.164-164
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• 2017

High throughput transcriptome investigations of immunity in plants highlight the complexity of gene networks leading to incompatible interaction. To identify genes crucial to resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae, functional genetic analysis of selected differentially expressed genes from our microarray data set was carried out. A total of 13 overexpression vector constructs were made using 35S CaMV promoter which drive constitutive expression in rice. Most of the genes are developmentally expressed especially during maximum tillering stage and are commonly highly expressed in the leaves. When screened against Xoo strain K2, the transgenic plants displayed shorter lesion length compared with wild type Dongjin which indicates partial resistance. The levels of ROS continuously magnified after inoculation which indicates robust cellular sensing necessary to initiate cell death. Elevated transcripts levels of several defense-related genes at the downstream of defense signal network also corroborate the phenotype reaction of the transgenic plants. Moreover, expression assays revealed regulation of these genes by cross-communicating signal-transductions pathways mediated by salicylic and jasmonic acid. These collective findings revealed the key immune signaling conduits critical to mount full defense against Xoo.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 2012

$Potato$ $virus$ $X$ (PVX) contains $cis$-acting elements including stem-loop 1 (SL1) RNA at the 5' region; SL1 is conserved among all potexviruses. The SL1 at the positive-sense RNA, SL1(+), is required for PVX RNA replication, cell-to-cell movement, and translation. Previous research demonstrated that SL1(+) RNA also serves as the origin of assembly for encapsidation of PVX RNA. To identify the essential sequences and/or regions for capsid protein (CP) subunit recognition within SL1(+) RNA, we used electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), UV cross-linking, and yeast three-hybrid analyses. The EMSA and UV cross-linking analyses with PVX CP subunits and RNA transcripts corresponding to the SL1(+) RNA showed that the SL1(+) RNA formed complexes with CP subunits. We also conducted EMSA and yeast three-hybrid analyses with RNAs containing various mutations of SL1(+) RNA elements. These analyses indicated that SL1(+) RNA is required for the interaction with PVX CP and that the RNA sequences located at the loop C and tetra loop of the SL1(+) are crucial for CP binding. These results indicate that, in addition to being important for RNA accumulation, the SL1(+) RNA from the 5' region of the PVX genome is also required for specific binding of PVX CP.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.185-195
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to explore a veteran patients' behavior of prescribing drug use and of which influencing factors from the veteran patients' perspective through qualitative interviews. Methods: We recruited veteran patients through purposive sampling and interviewed 30 veteran patients aged 20 and over who had been taking prescription drugs. We developed and utilized an interview guide consisting of three themes for data collection. We made verbatim transcripts and analyzed data using the framework analysis. Results: Participants were aware that they had large amounts of prescribing medicines and discarded the medicines. They often used improperly by the person himself or his family or acquaintances. The factors that influenced these inefficient prescription drug usage were grouped into 'factors procuring more drugs than necessary' and 'factors being prescribed more drugs than necessary'. Anxiety about downgrading from the upper class to the lower among reward classes for veterans, and suspicion or dissatisfaction with the veteran policy caused the participants to procure more drugs than necessary. Additionally, they received too many medicines due to long-term prescriptions and lack of communication with their doctors, and poor quality of veteran health services. Conclusion: To improve the medication use behavior of veteran patients, providing information or introducing interventions for the proper medication use is not enough. Efforts should be made to improve their negative recognition over relevant policies and health care services.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 2018

Purpose: Objectives of this study were to identify and describe cultural meaning for nursing students in the class in fundamental nursing practice. Methods: Data were collected from November 2016 to May 2017 included focus group interviews and participants observation. The key informants in this study included 23 nursing students divided into 3 focus groups who had taken the course in fundamental nursing practice in university U and university S in Kyungpook, and university D in Jeonnam. Interviews continued until no new information could be identified from transcripts. Data were analyzed using the taxonomic analysis method developed by Spradley. Results: Based on the data acquired from the interviews, cultural domains in the class "fundamental nursing practice" were classified as 'community oriented activities', 'learning and playing space', 'relationship of difference and discrimination', 'time for present and future'. Conclusion: The culture in the class "fundamental nursing practice" could be summarized as 'non-standardized learning with team dynamics'. Also nursing students learned about a small society whose members are becoming nurses. Results indicate that it is critical for professors to understand students' values, beliefs and their attitude in order to aid in adjustment to class.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.119-133
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• 2012

This study aimed to explore the anger of child, the factors influencing the anger of child, the therapeutic techniques of therapist to resolve the marital conflict as well as the anger of child and the changes of family members after getting family therapy. The data was consisted of recording transcripts and note-taking of 8 sessions family therapy. The study used a constant comparative analysis and Miles & Huberman's matrix and network display as analysis method. The anger of child included aggressive and violent behavior, temperament, fear, anxiety, and negligence of rule. The study revealed parental dysfunctional communication patterns and parental experiences from family of origin as factors influencing the anger of child. The study found therapist's self-disclosure, sharing and comparing with similar cases, explanation of dysfunctional communication patterns, explanation about similarity in generational transmission process, and suggestion of new solutions as therapeutic techniques. The result of study showed the alleviation of marital conflict, the amelioration in the anger of child, and the change in the relationships of family members after getting family therapy.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2005

cDNA for oxidosqualene cyclase was cloned by a homology-based PCR method and sequenced from Centella asiatica. In a sequences analysis, the putative polypeptide of C. asiatica cycloartenol synthase (CaCYS) deduced from the 2,274 bp nucleotide sequence, consisted of 758 amino acids and had a molecular mass of 86.3 kD. The predicted amino acid sequence exhibited high homology to that of PNX (cycloartenol synthase) from Panax ginseng ($89\%$). Southern blot analysis suggests that CaCYS may be present in one copy of the C. asiatica genome. If methyl jasmonate (MJ) is applied exogenously to plants, not only triterpene saponins are accumulated in tissues, but also it produces effects such as growth inhibition and the promotion of ethylene production. In order to investigate the effect of MJ and thidiazuron (TDZ), a cytokinin that plays a role as an antisenescence agent in several plants, on the level of CaCYS mRNA, we performed northern blot analysis. When MJ is alone treated by adding to culture medium, CaCYS transcripts were inhibited. However, sustained levels of the expression of CaCYS, by adding TDZ to the medium despite MJ treatments, were demonstrated in C. asiatica leaves.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.39-51
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate prior thinking and posterior thinking formation of children and adolescents in sinking objects. The subjects consisted of twenty eight, 9- and 11-year old children and fourteen, 13-year old adolescents selected from one elementary school and two middle schools. The transcripts were analyzed to classify children and adolescents'prior thinking and posterior thinking frequency, reasoning response(evidence based response, idea based response) and reasoning method(valid method, invalid method). The data were analyzed by frequency, percentile, mean and standard deviation,1 test, ANOVA. Major findings were as followings: 1. Children and adolescents have already had prior thinking in sinking objects. 2. Children and adolescents applies their prior thinking to posterior thinking formation process. 3. There were significant differences in children and adolescent'posterior thinking formation process, especially choices in objects and reasoning methods depending on age. 4. There were significant differences in children and adolescents'reasoning response depending on presented evidences types.5. Through the experimentation, children and adolescents'prior thinking was different from their posterior thinking. There were significant differences in differences between the prior thinking and posterior thinking depending on age.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1937-1941
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• 2014

Aims: To evaluate anti-cancer activity of Asparagus racemosus (AR) leaf extract on UOK146, a renal cell carcinoma cell line, and explore its mechanism of action. Materials and Methods: Dried AR leaves were extracted with chloroform and dissolved in DMSO. This extract was applied to UOK146 and cell death was estimated by MTT assay. In addition PRCC-TFE3 fusion transcripts were detected by real time PCR. Results: Extract was found to be cytotoxic with an $IC_{50}$ of 0.9 mg/ml as estimated by dose response curve. Antitumor activity of the permissible doses of the extract was assessed by the down regulation of PRCC-TFE3 fusion transcript (38%) responsible for oncogenicity of the UOK146 cell line. No increment in the BAX, a proapoptotic marker level was observed. Conclusions: Evidence of antiproliferative effect, PRCC-TFE3 fusion transcript inhibition and static BAX level clearly indicate that AR extract provides or elicits an apoptosis independent anticancer effect on RCC cells by some specific mechanism of regulation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2309-2312
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• 2014

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common histologic subtype of esophageal cancer and is characterized by a poor prognosis. Determining gene changes in ESCCs should improve understanding of putative risk factors and provide potential targets for therapy. We sequenced about 55 million pair-end reads from a pair of adjacent normal and ESCC samples to identify the gene expression level and gene fusion. Sanger sequencing was used to verify the result. About 17 thousand genes were expressed in the tissues, of which approximately 2400 demonstrated significant differences between tumor and adjacent non tumor tissue. GO and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that many of these genes were associated with cellular adherence and movement, simulation responses and immune responses. Notably we identified and validated one fusion gene, HLA-E and HLA-B, located 1 MB apart. We also identified thousands of remarkably expressed transcripts. In conclusion, a novel fusion gene HLA-E and HLA-B was identified in ESCC via whole transcriptome sequencing, which would be a biomarker for ESCC diagnosis and target for therapy, shedding new light for better understanding of ESCC tumorigenesis.