• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.81-85
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• 2006

In this study, we have been examined nano Injection Molding process which can improve transcription of 100nm-level pattern. We changed the various parameter (temperature of injection mold, clamp force, temperature of nozzle) which can be influence for improving transcription. And we measured and analyzed shapes of 100nm-level pattern by Automic Force Microscope for proving transcription. We made the Blu-ray Disc sample for proving transcription. And we measured HF-Signal and jitter. As a result, when the temperature of mold is more than $120^{\circ}C$ and the clamp force is more than 10 ton, We reached over 95 percent of transcription compared with stamper pattern. And we reached in-spec. value for HF-Signal and Jitter. Then we reached over 95 percent of transcription compared with stamper pattern.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2003년도 심포지엄
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• pp.37-37
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• 2003

Enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis are present in the highest concentration in the adrenal medulla, however they were found also in other, mainly nervous tissues. Increased transcription of genes for catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes is an important mechanism to increase the capacity for epineprine/norepinephrine biosynthesis with stress. Gastrodia elata(Chinese name: Tienma), are very important Chinese herbal medicines used for the medical treatment of headaches, migraine, dizziness, epilepsy, rheumatism, neuralgia, paralysis and other neuralgic and nervous disorders. Immobilize stressed rat markedly increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA and dopamine-$\beta$-hydroxylase (DBH) mRNA transcription level more than control group. But treated Gastrodia elata extracts in immobilized stressed rat slightly increased TH mRNA and DBH mRNA transcription level more than normal group. In addition, we are obtained identical results in PC12 cell line. Decrease of transcription level of TH mRNA and DBH mRNA is indicating that Gastrodia elata have a anti-stress effects which decrease the transcription level of TH and DBH mRNA on catecholamine biosynthesis pathway.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2003년도 제10차 국제학술회의 및 추계정기 학술발표회
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• pp.17-17
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• 2003

Enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis are present in the highest concentration in the adrenal medulla, however they were found also in other, mainly nervous tissues. Increased transcription of genes for catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes is an important mechanism to increase the capacity for epineprine/norepinephrine biosynthesis with stress. Gastrodia elata(Chinese name: Tienma), are very important Chinese herbal medicines used for the medical treatment of headaches, migraine, dizziness, epilepsy, rheumatism, neuralgia, paralysis and other neuralgic and nervous disorders. Immobilize stressed rat markedly increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA and dopamine-${\beta}$-hydroxylase (DBH) mRNA transcriptior level more than control group. But treated Gastrodia elata extracts in immobilized stressed rat slightly increased TH mRNA and DBH mRNA transcription level more than normal group. In addition, we are obtained identical results in PC12 cell line. Decrease of transcription level of TH mRNA and DBH mRNA is indicating that Gastrodia elata have a anti-stress effects which decrease the transcription level of TH and DBH mRNA on catecholamine biosynthesis pathway.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.363-370
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• 1997

RNase MRP is a ribonucleoprotein complex with a site-specific endonuclease activity. Its original substrate for cleavage is the small mitochondrial RNA near the mitochondrial DNA replication origin, thus it was proposed to generate the primer for mtDNA replication. Recently, it has been shown to have another substrate in the nucleus, such as pre-S.8S ribosomal RNA in nucleolus. The gene for the RNA component of RNase MRP (MRP RNA) was found to be encoded by the nucleus genome, suggesting an interesting intracellular trafficking of MRP RNA to both mitochondria and nucleolus after transcription in nucleus. In this study, genomic DNA encoding MRP RNA was microinjected into the nucleus of Xenopus oocytes, to analyze promoter regions involved in the transcription. It showed that the proximal sequence element and TATA box are important for basal level transcription; octamer motif and Sp1 binding sites are for elevated level transcription. Most of Xenopus MRP RNA was exported out to the cytoplasm following transcription in the nucleus. Utilizing various hybrid constructs, export of MRP RNA was found to be regulated by the promoter and the 5' half of the coding region of the gene. Interestingly, the transcription in nucleus seems to be coupled to the export of MRP RNA to cytoplasm. Intracellular transport of injected MRP RNA can be easily visualized by whole-mount in situ hybridization following microinjection; it also shows possible intra-nuclear sites for transcription and export of MRP RNA.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1036-1040
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• 2007

Sodium butyrate (NaBu) has been used to enhance protein expression levels in mammalian cell culture. To determine the clonal variability of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells in response to NaBu addition regarding specific antibody productivity $(q_{Ab})$, three rCHO clones were subjected to different concentrations of NaBu. For all three clones, NaBu addition inhibited cell growth and decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, the enhancing effect of NaBu on $q_{Ab}$ varied significantly among the clones. NaBu addition enhanced the antibody production of only one clone. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the changes in $q_{Ab}$ correlated linearly with those of the mRNA transcription level. Thus, it was concluded that the different enhancing effects of NaBu on protein expression in rCHO cell clones resulted from their different mRNA transcription levels.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.54-59
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• 2002

We have used cDNA microarray hybridization to identify gene regulated in response to gamma-irradiation in U-937 cell. The cDNA-chip was composed entirely of 1,000 human cancer related gene including apoptosis and angiogenesis etc. In gamma-irradiated U-937 cell, highly charged protein, ribosomal protein L32, four and a half LIM domains 3, lipocalin 2 (oncogene 24p3) and interleukin 15, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (includes complementation groups A, C and D) genes showed increased level of its transcription, and cell division cycle 25A, dihydrofolate reductase, topoisomerase (DNA) II beta(180kD), kinase suppressor of ras and strarigin genes showed reduced level of its transcription compared to untreated U-937 cell. The significant change of level of transcription was not found in well-known ionizing radiation(IR)-responsive gene, such as transcription factor TP53 and p53 related gene, except ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1043-1050
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• 2015

신경과흥분은 신경세포의 수지돌기 말단부에 있는 흥분성 수용체에 대한 과도한 자극에 의해서 신경세포가 손상을 받는 현상으로 transcription factor의 발현을 유도하여 통증을 유발하는 자극, 학습, 발작, 흥분, 신경변성, 저산소성 국소빈혈, 뇌신경손상, 신경절제, 약제내성 등의 원인이 된다. 신경과흥분은 정상농도 이상의 NMDA에 의해서도 유발되는데 본 논문에서는 mouse의 복강으로 과량의 NMDA를 투여하여 소뇌에서 RT-PCR 방법으로 Inducible transcription factors (Egr-1, c-jun, JunB, FosB) mRNAs의 상대적 발현량을 비교하였다. NMDA를 투여한 군에서 inducible transcription factors (Egr-1, C-Jun, JunB, FosB)가 투여량과 시간의 경과에 따라 다양한 발현의 변화를 보였으며, NMDA투여 후 일정한 시간에서 투여한 양에 대한 변화는 체중 g 당 5 μg의 NMDA투여한 경우에 현저한 변화가 나타났다. 조사한 transcription factor 중에서 JunB의 발현 변화가 다른 transcription factor보다 두드러지게 나타났다. NMDA 투여량이 일정할 때 투여 후 경과 시간에 따른 발현양상은 투여 후 24시간이 경과한 후에 발현의 변화가 두드러지게 증가하는 경향을 나타내었고 대부분 이 48시간 경과 후 발현이 최고치에 도달하였다. 이러한 결과는 과흥분이 유도된 소뇌에서의 유전자 발현의 변화를 2D-gel 또는 microarray와 같은 방법을 이용하여 세포 내의 전체 단백질 혹은 유전자의 변화를 관찰함으로써 NMDA 수용체의 과흥분에 의한 뇌세포의 사멸에 관련된 기전을 밝힐 수 있는 좋은 자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.237-244
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• 1994

The vector systems for the expression and secretion of human lipocortin-l (LC1) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were constructed with GAL10 promoter and the prepro leader sequence of mating factor-$\alpha$1. They were further constructed to contain three different transcription terminators; GAL7 terminator, LCl terminator and a fused form of these two terminators. The expression and secretion levels of LCl were compared to investigate the effect of transcription terminators on the LCl gene expression. For the expression cassettes employing the GAL7 terminator or the terminator of fused form, the expression levels of LCl were measured by scanning the immunoreactive LCl protein bands, and were found to be 0.27 g/l and 0.32 g/l, respectively. The highest expression level of 0.54 g/l was obtained with the expression vector containing the LCl transcription terminator. In all expression cassettes, the majority of LCl proteins expressed were retained intracellularly, indicating a low secretion efficiency of about 5%. The high expression level of LCl was explained by the great content and stability of LCl mRNA transcribed from the LCl terminator-employing vector. The results of this study demonstrate that the LCl transcription terminator functions for the expression of LCl in S. cerevisiae better than the GAL7 terminator.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.810-815
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• 2004

Many biological properties and the clinical potential of human interleukin-2 (hIL-2) draw much attention to its high-level expression in mammalian cells. Recombinant human IL-2 (rhIL-2) was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, using the recently developed expression system which confers position-independent expression. Stable CHO cell lines carrying several hundred amplified copies of the rhIL-2 gene were easily obtained and rhIL-2 was expressed at high levels after selection with increasing concentrations of methotrexate. Interestingly, the insertion of the transcription terminator of the human gastrin gene into the downstream region of the gene for rhIL-2 considerably increased rhIL-2 expression. Using the expression system with the transcription terminator, it was possible to get a CHO cell line expressing the rhIL-2 at a very high level, about $11.4\mug/10^6$ cell/day, which is about 6 times higher than that previously reported. The biological activity of the rhIL-2 protein purified from the cell line was also confirmed by the cell proliferation assay.

• 미생물과산업
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.4-9
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• 1987

The regulation of gene expression in procaryotes is accomplished primarily at the level of transcription. Initiation of transcription is subject to numerous promoter-specific controls which act to ensure coordinate expression of disparate genes. The kinetics of formation of a functional("open") complex at a promoter, prior to the catalytic steps of RNA chain initiation and elongation, is thought to play a major role in controlling the efficiency of transcription of that promotor, since the subsequent processes of nucleotide binding and phosphodiester bond formation are rapid and are not promoter-specific (Mangel and Chamberlin, 1974 Shimamoto et al., 1981)