• Title/Summary/Keyword: traffic scenarios

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Analysis of a Naval Warship Accident and Related Risk (해군함정 사고사례 및 위험도 분석에 관한 연구)

  • Shin, Daewoon;Park, Youngsoo;Choi, Kwang-young;Park, Sangwon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.24 no.7
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    • pp.863-869
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    • 2018
  • Due to recent changes in the maritime traffic environment, naval warship accidents are constantly occurring. Especially in 2017, serious loss of life was caused by a US navy destroyer accident. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of naval warship accident cases and construct an accident scenario by using naval training materials, adjudication of naval warship accidents and US navy destroyer accident reports. Based on the surveyed data, the status of accidents was identified and cases were analyzed. We reproduced 17 accident cases in accordance with accident reproduction procedure and constructed naval warship accident scenarios. As a result of analyzing the CPA, TCPA and PARK model for risk, reproducing 17 naval ship accident cases, collision risk increased on average 5-6 minutes before an accident. The result of this study represents basic data for naval and simulation education materials, contributing to the prevention of marine accidents.

Gaussian mixture model for automated tracking of modal parameters of long-span bridge

  • Mao, Jian-Xiao;Wang, Hao;Spencer, Billie F. Jr.
    • Smart Structures and Systems
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.243-256
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    • 2019
  • Determination of the most meaningful structural modes and gaining insight into how these modes evolve are important issues for long-term structural health monitoring of the long-span bridges. To address this issue, modal parameters identified throughout the life of the bridge need to be compared and linked with each other, which is the process of mode tracking. The modal frequencies for a long-span bridge are typically closely-spaced, sensitive to the environment (e.g., temperature, wind, traffic, etc.), which makes the automated tracking of modal parameters a difficult process, often requiring human intervention. Machine learning methods are well-suited for uncovering complex underlying relationships between processes and thus have the potential to realize accurate and automated modal tracking. In this study, Gaussian mixture model (GMM), a popular unsupervised machine learning method, is employed to automatically determine and update baseline modal properties from the identified unlabeled modal parameters. On this foundation, a new mode tracking method is proposed for automated mode tracking for long-span bridges. Firstly, a numerical example for a three-degree-of-freedom system is employed to validate the feasibility of using GMM to automatically determine the baseline modal properties. Subsequently, the field monitoring data of a long-span bridge are utilized to illustrate the practical usage of GMM for automated determination of the baseline list. Finally, the continuously monitoring bridge acceleration data during strong typhoon events are employed to validate the reliability of proposed method in tracking the changing modal parameters. Results show that the proposed method can automatically track the modal parameters in disastrous scenarios and provide valuable references for condition assessment of the bridge structure.

Match Field based Algorithm Selection Approach in Hybrid SDN and PCE Based Optical Networks

  • Selvaraj, P.;Nagarajan, V.
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • v.12 no.12
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    • pp.5723-5743
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    • 2018
  • The evolving internet-based services demand high-speed data transmission in conjunction with scalability. The next generation optical network has to exploit artificial intelligence and cognitive techniques to cope with the emerging requirements. This work proposes a novel way to solve the dynamic provisioning problem in optical network. The provisioning in optical network involves the computation of routes and the reservation of wavelenghs (Routing and Wavelength assignment-RWA). This is an extensively studied multi-objective optimization problem and its complexity is known to be NP-Complete. As the exact algorithms incurs more running time, the heuristic based approaches have been widely preferred to solve this problem. Recently the software-defined networking has impacted the way the optical pipes are configured and monitored. This work proposes the dynamic selection of path computation algorithms in response to the changing service requirements and network scenarios. A software-defined controller mechanism with a novel packet matching feature was proposed to dynamically match the traffic demands with the appropriate algorithm. A software-defined controller with Path Computation Element-PCE was created in the ONOS tool. A simulation study was performed with the case study of dynamic path establishment in ONOS-Open Network Operating System based software defined controller environment. A java based NOX controller was configured with a parent path computation element. The child path computation elements were configured with different path computation algorithms under the control of the parent path computation element. The use case of dynamic bulk path creation was considered. The algorithm selection method is compared with the existing single algorithm based method and the results are analyzed.

The Road Speed Sign Board Recognition, Steering Angle and Speed Control Methodology based on Double Vision Sensors and Deep Learning (2개의 비전 센서 및 딥 러닝을 이용한 도로 속도 표지판 인식, 자동차 조향 및 속도제어 방법론)

  • Kim, In-Sung;Seo, Jin-Woo;Ha, Dae-Wan;Ko, Yun-Seok
    • The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.699-708
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    • 2021
  • In this paper, a steering control and speed control algorithm was presented for autonomous driving based on two vision sensors and road speed sign board. A car speed control algorithm was developed to recognize the speed sign by using TensorFlow, a deep learning program provided by Google to the road speed sign image provided from vision sensor B, and then let the car follows the recognized speed. At the same time, a steering angle control algorithm that detects lanes by analyzing road images transmitted from vision sensor A in real time, calculates steering angles, controls the front axle through PWM control, and allows the vehicle to track the lane. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm's steering and speed control algorithms, a car's prototype based on the Python language, Raspberry Pi and OpenCV was made. In addition, accuracy could be confirmed by verifying various scenarios related to steering and speed control on the test produced track.

A Survey on 5G Enabled Multi-Access Edge Computing for Smart Cities: Issues and Future Prospects

  • Tufail, Ali;Namoun, Abdallah;Alrehaili, Ahmed;Ali, Arshad
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.107-118
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    • 2021
  • The deployment of 5G is in full swing, with a significant yearly growth in the data traffic expected to reach 26% by the year and data consumption to reach 122 EB per month by 2022 [10]. In parallel, the idea of smart cities has been implemented by various governments and private organizations. One of the main objectives of 5G deployment is to help develop and realize smart cities. 5G can support the enhanced data delivery requirements and the mass connection requirements of a smart city environment. However, for specific high-demanding applications like tactile Internet, transportation, and augmented reality, the cloud-based 5G infrastructure cannot deliver the required quality of services. We suggest using multi-access edge computing (MEC) technology for smart cities' environments to provide the necessary support. In cloud computing, the dependency on a central server for computation and storage adds extra cost in terms of higher latency. We present a few scenarios to demonstrate how the MEC, with its distributed architecture and closer proximity to the end nodes can significantly improve the quality of services by reducing the latency. This paper has surveyed the existing work in MEC for 5G and highlights various challenges and opportunities. Moreover, we propose a unique framework based on the use of MEC for 5G in a smart city environment. This framework works at multiple levels, where each level has its own defined functionalities. The proposed framework uses the MEC and introduces edge-sub levels to keep the computing infrastructure much closer to the end nodes.

Current Status and Challenges of BGP Hijacking Security Threat (BGP 하이재킹 보안 위협 대응 현황 및 과제)

  • Han, Wooyoung;Hong, Yunseok
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.26 no.10
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    • pp.1525-1530
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    • 2022
  • BGP(Border Gateway Protocol) is a routing protocol that is actively used in inter-AS routing on the Internet. However, BGP routing protocol is vulnerable to BGP hijacking attacks that hijack the network by impersonating normal BGP sessions. BGP Hijacking attacks can lead to causing intercept IP traffic or interference with the normal service operation. Recently, BGP hijacking attacks, which have often occurred overseas, have also occurred in Korea. It means threatening the security of the Internet. In this paper, we analyze the overall process of attack through representative attack cases and virtual scenarios of BGP hijacking and based on the results of analyzing the application status of security technology to prevent BGP hijacking attacks by Korea and global major ISPs. It covers the technical proposal of ISPs and autonomous system operators should take to defend against BGP hijacking attacks.

A Study on Ground and Object Separation Techniques Utilizing 3D Point Cloud Data in Urban Air Mobility (UAM) Environments (UAM 환경에서의 3D Point Cloud Data 지면/객체 분리 기법 연구)

  • Bon-soo Koo;In-ho choi;Jae-rim Yu
    • Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.481-487
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    • 2023
  • Recently, interest in UAM (Urban Air Mobility) has surged as a critical solution to urban traffic congestion and air pollution issues. However, efficient UAM operation requires accurate 3D Point Cloud data processing, particularly in separating the ground and objects. This paper proposes and validates a method for effectively separating ground and objects in a UAM environment, taking into account its dynamic and complex characteristics. Our approach combines attitude information from MEMS sensors with ground plane estimation using RANSAC, allowing for ground/object separation that isless affected by GPS errors. Simulation results demonstrate that this method effectively operates in UAM settings, marking a significant step toward enhancing safety and efficiency in urban air mobility. Future research will focus on improving the accuracy of this algorithm, evaluating its performance in various UAM scenarios, and proceeding with actual drone tests.

Derivation of Assessment Scenario Elements for Automated Vehicles in the Expressway Mainline Section (자율주행차 평가 시나리오 구성요소 도출: 고속도로 본선구간을 중심으로)

  • Ko, Woori;Yun, Ilsoo;Park, Sangmin;Jeong, Harim;Park, Sungho
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.221-239
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    • 2022
  • Various elements such as geometry, traffic safety facilities, congestion level, weather, etc., need to be appropriately reflected in the assessment scenario evaluating the driving safety of automated vehicles. Therefore, this study first established a scenario structure and defined the layer of elements, to derive the elements to be reflected in the automated driving safety evaluation. After that, all elemental candidates that can be reflected in each layer were derived by reviewing the relevant literature. Finally, as a result of an expert survey, 77 items were selected to be reflected in the automated driving safety evaluation. The selected elements are expected to be actively utilized in developing scenarios for the driving safety evaluation of automated vehicles in simulation, proving ground, and real road assessments.

Estimation of Driving Behavior Characteristics through Self-Reported-Based Driving Propensity (자기보고 기반 운전성향을 통한 주행행태 특성 추정 연구)

  • Sooncheon Hwang;Dongmin Lee
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.26-41
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    • 2024
  • To ensure safer road conditions, understanding the human factors influencing driving behavior is crucial. However, there are many difficulties in deriving the characteristics of individual human factors that affect actual driving behaviors. Therefore, this study analyzes self-reported dangerous-driving propensities in order to explore potential correlations with drivers' behaviors. The goal is to propose a method for assessing driving tendencies based on varying traffic scenarios. The study employed a questionnaire to gauge participants' propensity to drive dangerously, utilizing a simulator to analyze their driving behaviors. The aim is to determine any notable connections between dangerous-driving propensity and specific driving behaviors. Results indicate that individuals exhibiting a high propensity for reckless driving, as identified by the Korean DBQ, tend to drive at higher speeds and display more aggressive acceleration patterns. These findings contribute to a potential method for assessing reckless driving drivers.

Edge to Edge Model and Delay Performance Evaluation for Autonomous Driving (자율 주행을 위한 Edge to Edge 모델 및 지연 성능 평가)

  • Cho, Moon Ki;Bae, Kyoung Yul
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.191-207
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    • 2021
  • Up to this day, mobile communications have evolved rapidly over the decades, mainly focusing on speed-up to meet the growing data demands of 2G to 5G. And with the start of the 5G era, efforts are being made to provide such various services to customers, as IoT, V2X, robots, artificial intelligence, augmented virtual reality, and smart cities, which are expected to change the environment of our lives and industries as a whole. In a bid to provide those services, on top of high speed data, reduced latency and reliability are critical for real-time services. Thus, 5G has paved the way for service delivery through maximum speed of 20Gbps, a delay of 1ms, and a connecting device of 106/㎢ In particular, in intelligent traffic control systems and services using various vehicle-based Vehicle to X (V2X), such as traffic control, in addition to high-speed data speed, reduction of delay and reliability for real-time services are very important. 5G communication uses high frequencies of 3.5Ghz and 28Ghz. These high-frequency waves can go with high-speed thanks to their straightness while their short wavelength and small diffraction angle limit their reach to distance and prevent them from penetrating walls, causing restrictions on their use indoors. Therefore, under existing networks it's difficult to overcome these constraints. The underlying centralized SDN also has a limited capability in offering delay-sensitive services because communication with many nodes creates overload in its processing. Basically, SDN, which means a structure that separates signals from the control plane from packets in the data plane, requires control of the delay-related tree structure available in the event of an emergency during autonomous driving. In these scenarios, the network architecture that handles in-vehicle information is a major variable of delay. Since SDNs in general centralized structures are difficult to meet the desired delay level, studies on the optimal size of SDNs for information processing should be conducted. Thus, SDNs need to be separated on a certain scale and construct a new type of network, which can efficiently respond to dynamically changing traffic and provide high-quality, flexible services. Moreover, the structure of these networks is closely related to ultra-low latency, high confidence, and hyper-connectivity and should be based on a new form of split SDN rather than an existing centralized SDN structure, even in the case of the worst condition. And in these SDN structural networks, where automobiles pass through small 5G cells very quickly, the information change cycle, round trip delay (RTD), and the data processing time of SDN are highly correlated with the delay. Of these, RDT is not a significant factor because it has sufficient speed and less than 1 ms of delay, but the information change cycle and data processing time of SDN are factors that greatly affect the delay. Especially, in an emergency of self-driving environment linked to an ITS(Intelligent Traffic System) that requires low latency and high reliability, information should be transmitted and processed very quickly. That is a case in point where delay plays a very sensitive role. In this paper, we study the SDN architecture in emergencies during autonomous driving and conduct analysis through simulation of the correlation with the cell layer in which the vehicle should request relevant information according to the information flow. For simulation: As the Data Rate of 5G is high enough, we can assume the information for neighbor vehicle support to the car without errors. Furthermore, we assumed 5G small cells within 50 ~ 250 m in cell radius, and the maximum speed of the vehicle was considered as a 30km ~ 200 km/hour in order to examine the network architecture to minimize the delay.