• 대한가정학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

This study was conducted to examine how patchwork was expressed in fashion based on theoretical background on its brief history and expression styles and to show its possibility of creating ways for new expression in modern fashion. This study reviewed literatures on definition, history and styles of patchwork and investigated mainly works, which had been presented in collections home and abroad since 2000, to analyze its expressive characteristics shown in modern fashion. According to analysis on the expression of patchwork, it used various painting techniques such as patterns, colors and surface effect. It included patchwork having patterns provoking elusion of fairy tails; containing painting expression of reproducing works of artists; using colors boldly and contrasting strong primary colors directly to establish purity of painting and to pursuit characteristic expression; and using expression techniques of pure art such as gradation and cutting. Second, it used a compromise expression in materials, methods and substances. Patchwork which had used cloth without a pattern or printed fabric, utilized various materials like vinyl, paper, leather, metal and plastic and had a figurative value showing a solid expression as an objet itself with new techniques and changes of connecting methods. Thirdly, it used tradition patchwork techniques. Pieced patchwork, crazy patchwork and images of traditional odd ends of cloth covering a meal were applied to a whole area or a part of cloth to avoid monotony of design and to use it as a decoration.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2010

This study will establish the transformal characteristics of architectural visual information by investigating: how contemporary architects perceive and process multifaceted architectural information via the expression media since 1970s. The purposes and results of this study are summarized as follows: This study established the contemporary transformal characteristics by comparing the expression methods of traditional architects with the transformal characteristics of visual information derived from the contemporary architectural expression media. In a pluralistic information society, the expression methods of the past, which recognize space as a stationary, unidimensional visual point on a drawing surface, is now changing to the mixed, multidimensional expression methods that connect various visual points on a limited drawing surface. Furthermore, the rapid advancement of digital media is changing, from a method which simply arranges visual information, to a flexible visual tool which can process architecture sequentially and simultaneously. As the communication structure of architecture is moving toward an individual-centered two-way communication type, the information delivery method is used to visualize conceptual, inferential information, rather than visualizing realistic information which simply records facts. In the past, multidimensional, non-linear forms could not be processed by the conventional design processes and sketch work, but now they can be expressed via digital media.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.44-55
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• 2009

최근 활발히 연구가 진행 중인 마이크로어레이로부터 얻어지는 유전자 발현 데이터를 이용한 질병 진단은, 데이터를 직접적으로 분석하기 힘들기 때문에 일반적으로 기계 학습 알고리즘을 사용하여 이루어져왔다. 그러나 유전자 발현 데이터를 분석함에 있어서 유전자들 간의 상호작용을 고려하는 분석이 필요하다는 최근의 연구 결과들은 기존 기계 학습 알고리즘들을 이용한 분석에 한계가 있음을 의미한다고 볼 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 특징들 사이의 고차원 상관관계를 고려 가능한 하이퍼네트워크 모델을 이용하여 유전자 발현 데이터의 분류를 수행하고 기존의 기계 학습 알고리즘들과 분류 성능을 비교한다. 또한 기존 하이퍼네트워크 모델의 단점을 개선 한 모델을 제안하고, 이를 병렬 프로세서 상에서 구현하여 처리 성능을 비교한다. 실험 결과 제안 된 모델은 기존의 기계 학습 방법들과의 비교에서도 경쟁력 있는 분류 성능을 보여주었고, 기존 하이퍼네트워크 모델 보다 안정적이고 향상된 분류 성능을 보여주었다. 또한 이를 병렬 프로세서 상에서 구현 할 경우 처리 성능을 극대화 할 수 있음을 보였다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.163-171
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• 2020

Silibinin exhibits antidiabetic potential by preserving the mass and function of pancreatic β-cells through up-regulation of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) expression. However, the underlying protective mechanism of silibinin in pancreatic β-cells is still unclear. In the current study, we sought to determine whether ERα acts as the target of silibinin for the modulation of antioxidative response in pancreatic β-cells under high glucose and high fat conditions. Our in vivo study revealed that a 4-week oral administration of silibinin (100 mg/kg/day) decreased fasting blood glucose with a concurrent increase in levels of serum insulin in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats. Moreover, expression of ERα, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in pancreatic β-cells in pancreatic islets was increased by silibinin treatment. Accordingly, silibinin (10 μM) elevated viability, insulin biosynthesis, and insulin secretion of high glucose/palmitate-treated INS-1 cells accompanied by increased expression of ERα, Nrf2, and HO-1 as well as decreased reactive oxygen species production in vitro. Treatment using an ERα antagonist (MPP) in INS-1 cells or silencing ERα expression in INS-1 and NIT-1 cells with siRNA abolished the protective effects of silibinin. Our study suggests that silibinin activates the Nrf2-antioxidative pathways in pancreatic β-cells through regulation of ERα expression.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.140-147
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• 2010

The objectives of this study are, first to define the concept of restaurant total coordination and establish its components as a design strategy for planning and managing all elements comprising a restaurant, and second, to survey the total coordination of Japanese restaurants in foreign countries and examine how traditionality, which is an element for globalizing Japanese restaurants, is expressed. This study was conducted through literature review for defining the concept of restaurant total coordination and extracting its components and a field survey for analyzing the current state of restaurant total coordination and traditionality expression methods. The results of this study are as follows. First, Japanese restaurants categorized into Type A with relatively high traditionality expression(3.3 or higher) were 25% of the surveyed restaurants. These restaurants showed the traditional characteristics of Japanese style as they are without contemporary adaptation for all components of restaurant. Second, 41.7% of the restaurants were categorized into Type B with traditionality expression between 1.7 and 3.3. They were mostly popular casual restaurants at which people can enjoy Japanese food comfortably. In visual and spatial design elements, traditional and contemporary styles appeared in the equal percentage, and decoration, table setting and food design were styled according to Japanese traditions. Third, 4 cases(33.3%) were categorized into Type C with traditionality expression below 1.7. Because they were fine dining restaurants that sold high priced dishes, formality and consistency were also high. Through all design elements including visual, spatial, table setting and food design elements, elegant and simple contemporary images were dominant. The results of this study will be used as basic materials to establish the concept of total coordination that views the visual, spatial, table setting and food design elements comprising a restaurant, which were approached separately in previous studies on restaurants, together from the viewpoint of integrative deigns, and to make design strategies for globalizing Korean restaurants based on Japanese restaurant cases.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제8권2호통권9호
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• pp.95-107
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• 2002

Yukmijihwang-tang(YM) is a noted herbal prescription in Chinese and Korean traditional medicines, and it has been known to reinforce the vital essence and has been widely used for a variety of disease such as stroke, osteoporosis, anti-tumor, and hypothyrodism. Regarding its traditional use, YM has been known to reinforce the Yin (vital essence) of liver and kidney. Also it has been known to reinforce nutrition and biological function in brain. Recently, studies suggested that YM increase antioxidant activities and exert the protective effect against oxidant-induced liver cell injury. We investigated the high-throughput gene expression analysis on the Yukmijihwang-tang administrated in SD rats. Microarray data were validated on a limited number of genes by semiquantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. The recent availability of microarrays provides an attractive strategy for elaborating an unbiased molecular profile of large number of genes in drug discovery This experimental approach offers the potential to identify molecules or cellular pathways not previously associated with herbal medicine. Total RNA from normal control brain and Yukmijihwang-tang administrated brain were hybridized to microarrays containing 10,000 rat genes. The 52 genes were found to be up-regulated(twice or more) excluding EST gene. The nine genes were found to be down-regulated(twice or more) excluding EST gene. Gene array technology was used to identify for the first time many genes expression pathway analysis that arecell cycle pathway, apoptosis pathway, electron transport chain pathway, cytoplasmic ribosomal protein pathway, fatty acid degradation pathway, and TGF-beta signaling pathway. These differentially expressed genes pathway analysis have not previously been iavestigated in the context of herbal medicine efficacy and represent novel factors for further study of the mechanism of herbal medicine efficacy.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.771-776
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• 2003

The present study was conducted to evaluate the regulation mechanism of nitric oxide(NO) by water-extracted Cyperus rotundus (WCR) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. We investigated the effects of cell proliferation in mouse spleen cell and RAW 264.7 macrophages cells. WCR enhanced mitogenic activity in the dose-response manner in mouse spleen cells and RAW 264.7 macrophages cells. In nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by WCR, WCR alone had an effect on NO synthesis. It was found that the production of NO of RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could be markedly inhibited by WCR. Inhibition of NO production was achieved by reducing inducible nitric oxide syntheses(iNOS) mRNA expression. The expression of IL-I gene by WCR was investigated using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In RT-PCR, IL-1 family(IL-1 α, IL-1β) expressions were induced by WCR. These finding suggested that regulation of NO production by WCR may be, at least in part, associated with the regulation of iNOS mRNA expression and IL-1 family gene expression.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.273-286
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• 2021

Background: Prostate carcinoma is the second most common cancer among men worldwide. Developing new therapeutic approaches and diagnostic biomarkers for prostate cancer (PC) is a significant need. The Chinese herbal medicine Panax quinquefolius saponins (PQS) have been reported to show anti-tumor effects. We hypothesized that PQS exhibits anti-cancer activity in human PC cells and we aimed to search for novel biomarkers allowing early diagnosis of PC. Methods: We used the human PC cell line DU145 and the prostate epithelial cell line PNT2 to perform cell viability assays, flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle, and FACS-based apoptosis assays. Microarray-based gene expression analysis was used to display specific gene expression patterns and to search for novel biomarkers. Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to demonstrate the expression levels of multiple cancer-related genes. Results: Our data showed that PQS inhibited the viability of DU145 cells and induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. A significant decrease in DU145 cell invasion and migration were observed after 24 h treatment by PQS. PQS up-regulated the expression levels of p21, p53, TMEM79, ACOXL, ETV5, and SPINT1 while it down-regulated the expression levels of bcl2, STAT3, FANCD2, DRD2, and TMPRSS2. Conclusion: PQS promoted cells apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation of DU145 cells, which suggests that PQS may be effective for treating PC. TMEM79 and ACOXL were expressed significantly higher in PNT2 than in DU145 cells and could be novel biomarker candidates for PC diagnosis.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.91-108
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• 2010

Background & Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of P. radix on the inflammatory related gene expression in IL-$1{\beta}$-stimulated primary human gingival fibroblast using Whole Transcript Sense Target (WT-ST). Method: Human gingival fibroblast was incubated with P. radix [100 or $200\;{\mu}g/ml$], and IL-$1{\beta}$ [$1ng/m{\ell}$] added an hour later. After 24h, total RNA was extracted using RNeasy Mini Kit and the whole gene expression patterns were performed using WT-ST Labeling $Assay^{(R)}$. Result: In the DEG results, 782 genes were up-regulated in the IL-$1{\beta}$-treated group as compared to control and among those, 43 genes were associated with inflammation. 981 genes were down-regulated after treatment with IL-$1{\beta}$ and of those 7 genes were associated with inflammation. 1439 genes were up-regulated after treatment with P. radix plus IL-$1{\beta}$-treated when compared to IL-$1{\beta}$-treated alone group and 1225 genes were down-regulated in the same condition. Among the down-regulated genes, 5 were associated with inflammation- and inhibitor genes such as GDF15 and LIF. In the analysis of the P. radix plus IL-$1{\beta}$-treated group, the most significant pathways were the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, toll-like receptor signaling, JAK-STAT signaling and tyrosine metabolism. The gene expression patterns in the P. radix $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ plus IL-$1{\beta}$-treated group appear to be more involved in the metabolism-related pathways than in the $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ plus IL-$1{\beta}$-treated group. Conclusion & Discussion: By microarray analysis of gene expression data, we are able to identify gene expression patterns associated with not only anti-inflammation effect but also transcription function of P. radix.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.664-670
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• 2016

Polyglutamic acid(PGA) 함유량이 증대된 청국장이 조골세포에 미치는 영향을 세포 수준에서 관찰하고자 하였다. 조골세포에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 세포 생존율, 염기성 인산분해효소(alkaline phosphatase, ALP) 활성, 골 석회화 형성능, 조골세포 분화 관련 유전자 발현능을 측정하였다. 세포 독성이 없는 농도에서 염기성 인산분해효소 활성을 측정한 결과 농도에 의존적으로 ALP 활성이 증가하였으며, 일반 청국장 A보다 PGA 함유량이 증가한 청국장 B가 더 높은 ALP 활성 증가 효과를 나타내었다. 청국장의 골 석회화 형성능을 측정한 결과 역시 청국장 A보다 B가 더 높은 석회화 형성능을 나타내었다. 또한 분화 관련 유전자인 OCN, OPN, Col1, ALP 역시 청국장 B가 A보다 유전자 발현이 더 높게 나타났다. 이러한 실험 결과를 바탕으로 PGA가 증대된 청국장이 기존 청국장보다 조골세포의 활성에 효과적일 것으로 생각한다.