• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.566-567
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• 2002

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2020.10a
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• pp.158-158
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• 2020

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.397-406
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• 2014

Maize is a socioeconomically important crop in many countries. Recently, a high incidence of stalk rot disease has been reported in several maize fields in Gangwon province. In this report, we show that maize stalk rot is associated with the fungal pathogens Fusarium subglutinans and F. temperatum. Since no fungicides are available to control these pathogens on maize plants, we selected six fungicides (tebuconazole, difenoconazole, fluquinconazole, azoxystrobin, prochloraz and kresoxim-methyl) and examined their effectiveness against the two pathogens. The in vitro antifungal effects of the six fungicides on mycelial growth and colony formation were investigated. Based on the inhibition of mycelial growth, the most toxic fungicide was tebuconazole with 50% effective concentrations ($EC_{50}$) of < $0.1{\mu}g/ml$ and $EC_{90}$ values of $0.9{\mu}g/ml$ for both pathogens, while the least toxic fungicide was azoxystrobin with $EC_{50}$ values of 0.7 and $0.5{\mu}g/ml$ for F. subglutinans and F. temperatum, respectively, and $EC_{90}$ values of > $3,000{\mu}g/ml$ for both pathogens. Based on the inhibition of colony formation by the two pathogens, kresoxim-methyl was the most toxic fungicide with complete inhibition of colony formation at concentrations of 0.1 and $0.01{\mu}g/ml$ for F. subglutinans and F. temperatum, respectively, whereas azoxystrobin was the least toxic fungicide with complete inhibition of colony formation at concentrations > $3,000{\mu}g/ml$ for both pathogens.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.69-83
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• 1991

The management and disposal of harzardous chemicals from the middle school science class was studied for the safety of student and for the protection of the environment. This study was undertaken by analysis of 5 kinks of current middle school science text book and questionnaire survey, and reviewed on the recommended methods for the disposal of harzardous chemical wastes from science class. There are 237 chemicals determined in the middle school science text books and 87 among them actually used in middle school science laboratory. 51 chemicals are classified as harzardous ones and 49 highly hazardous according to the 'Law of Toxic Chemicals management'. 116 chemicals are defined as water pollutants and 10 are highly hazardous water pollutants according to the 'Water Quality Control Law' as well are 91 chemicals as air pollutants and 19 are highly hazardous air pollutants according to the 'Air Quality Control Law' Questionnaire survey results the identification of toxic chemicals, need for education, awareness of toxic effects and current problems in the management. Disposal of toxic chemicals in middle school science class has been undertaken without any treatment, which could be caused of environmental pollution. Most of science teacher wanted to have opportunities to attend supplement courses for the management and disposal of chemicals for the safety and environmental protection. Simple and applicable methods for the management and disposal of chemicals at middle school science level should be strongly recommended to be installed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.130-130
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• 2002

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent environmental contaminants that elicit a broad spectrum of toxic effects in mammals and other vertebrate species. Because of their lipophilicity, chemical stability and resistance to biodegradation, PCBs tend to accumulate in the human body via food chain and environmental matrices including human adipose tissues, blood and milk.(omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.294.1-294.1
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• 2002

The effects of estradiol and its metabolites on the regulation of CYP1A1 expression. K.E. Joung and Y.Y. Sheen College of Pharmacy, Ewha womans University, Seoul. 120-750, Korea 2, 3.7.8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is the most potent halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon congener that induces expression of several genes including CYP1A1. Exposure to TCDD results in many toxic actions such as carcinogenesis, hepatotoxicity. immune suppression. and reproductive and developmental toxicity. (omitted)

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.149-153
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• 1989

Seven 2, 3-diphenyl-5-methoxyindole derivatives were synthesized. The effect of structural variation of these molecules on biological activities was examined. None of the tested compounds was found to be toxic up 5 gm/Kg body weight. Four compounds demonstrated smooth muscle relaxant effects and one showed a persistent hypotensive effect. Only the parent compound, 2, 3-diphenyl-5-methoxyindole, showed a significant analgesic effect.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.137-150
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to examine the toxic effects caused by glucose oxidase (GO) and the effects of Hyungbangjihwangtang (HJT) water extracts on the treatment of the toxic effects. For this purpose, experiments with the cultured hippocampal cells from new born mice were done. The results of these experiments were as follows. 1. GO decreased the survival rate of the cultured cells on MTT assay and NR assay. 2. HJT has the efficacy of decreasing the lipid peroxidation. 3. HJT has the efficacy of increasing the amount of neurofilaments. 4. HJT has the efficacy of decreasing the activation of protein kinase C(PKC). From the above results, it is concluded that HJT has marked efficacy as a treatment for the damages caused by the GO-mediated oxidative stress. Further clinical study of this pharmacological effects of H]T should be completed.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2003

To know the effects of the red tide and toxic dinoflagellates on survival and growth of larvae of the mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, laboratory experiments were conducted by incubating larvae with either unialgal culture of 4 dinoflagellate species (Amphidinium carterae, Prorocentrum triestinum, Gymnodinium impudicum, or Akashiwo sanguinea) or a standard food (Isochrysis galbana) for 10 days. The survival of larvae was higher than 80% when the food was A. carterae, G. impudicum, or A. sanguinea. The lowest survival (20%) was found when the food was P. triestinum. When the food was P. triestinum, the survival of larvae rapidly decreased from 87% at day 4 down to ca. 50% at day 6, and 20% at day 10. This implies that the larval population of M. galloprovincialis can seriously be affected if they are exposed to the red tide water dominated by P. triestinum for more than 4 days. Shell length of larvae either increased or decreased according to the food species. When the food was A. carterae, G. impudicum, or A. sanguinea, shell length of larvae increased. But, it decreased when the food was P. triestinum. Though shell length increased in 3 treatments, the daily increments (0.63 $\mu$ m for A. carterae, 0.46 m for $\mu$ G. impudicum, and 1.10 m for $\mu$ A. sanguinea) were smaller than that of the standard food (3.79 m for $\mu$ I. galbana). Correlation analyses chowed that the change in shell length was not significant when the food was A. carterae or G. impudicum. Therefore, all of 4 dinoflagellates affected the growth of M. galloprovincialis larvae: growth was negative for P. triestinum, nil for A. carterae and G. impudicum, and positive but lower than standard food for A. sanguinea. These imply that the dinoflagellates are less valuable as foods for M. galloprovincialis larvae. So, decreased growth rate of larvae is expected during red tides, which will consequently cause delayed metamorphosis or failure to recruitment to the adult populations. In considering the harmful effects of red tides on the aquatic ecosystem, not only the effects on adult populations of fish and shellfish, but also the effects on larval populations should be included.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.503-509
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to examine the toxic effects caused by xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine (XO/HX) and the effects of herbal extracts such as Mangeum-tang (萬金湯: MGT) and Gamimangeum-tang (加味萬金湯: GMGT) on the treatment of the toxic effects. The results of these experiments were XO/HX, an oxygen radical-generating system, decreased the survival rates of the cultured cells on XTT assay, the amount of DNA syntheses, and the amount of neurofilaments, and increased c-fos positive cells, MGT and GMGT have the efficacy of increasing the survival rates of the cultured cells by increasing the amount of neurofilaments and DNA synthesis and decreasing the c-fos positive cells damaged by XO/HX, From the above results, it is suggested that MGT and GMGT have marked efficacy as a treatment for the damages caused by the XO/HX-mediated oxidative stress. And MGT and GMGT are thought to have certain pharmacological effects.