• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.285-309
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• 2004

Sophia Antipolis was planned to be developed as an innovative technopole in the southern french area near Nice, a tourist destination. from an area with very little scientific activities, it was created as a vibrant city with science and industrial and cultural activities begining from the early 1960s. A dedicated university professor, who became a politician later, Pirre Laffite, organized non governmental institutions and professional associations to designate an area with 2300 ha and planned it for environmentally clean technopole. Sophia Antipolis eventually bacame the most well known technopole in Europe, hosting 1,200 companies with 24,000 employees. In this context, this paper analyses the process of building Sophia Antipolis and the operational mechanisms of the technopole, based on the data gathered from interviews with managers of the companies and supporting institutions of Sophia Antipolis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.161-166
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• 2004

Competitiveness to some countries or cities plays a important role as a determined factor in me recent age of international globalization. In view of tourism studies, the potential to develop some regions depends on its own abilities to use and maintain the economic advantages of cities in providing tourism products and services. In spite of this importance of competitiveness, a few research has been done in Korea. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the comparative competitiveness between coastal metropolitan cities in Korea- Busan, Ulsan, and Incheon, to develop the tourism index and find out urban differences. As a result, the findings of this study will contribute to implementing the promotion of tourism and the network between other cities and attracting the domestic and international tourists.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

Retiring from work is a major personal and professional transition and has a major influence on one's life. Tourism researchers have been aware of the importance of seniors' tourism and leisure activities to enhance their well-being. The study examines the effect of tourism experience on leisure life domain, which in turn influences overall quality of life. Moreover, the moderating effect of travel patterns is also tested. A final sample of 328 was used for data analysis including Structural equation modeling (SEM) and multi-group analysis to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that tourism experience positively influences satisfaction with leisure life domain and overall quality of life. Findings also indicated that there are moderating effects of the travel patterns on the relationship between satisfaction with leisure life domains and overall quality of life. The study also provided managerial implications for tourism marketers and destination managers.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.717-726
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• 2021

Tourism is one of the key economic drivers not only in Vietnam but also in the world. This study explores the awareness and perceptions of key stakeholders such as local residents, tourism businesses, and tourists on sustainable tourism development in the Mekong Delta in Vietnam. Both quantitative and qualitative research approaches have been used with the secondary and primary data to provide insights on the subject. The secondary data is from vast sources, including the governmental department of tourism, statistical departments, annual all-level governmental reports, businesses, and others. The primary data is from the survey by questionnaires with 230 enterprises, 720 local residents, and 670 tourists and from the semi-structured and in-depth interviews conducted with local residents, businesses, tourists, local authorities' officers, and especially with 5 experts who are also stakeholders of Mekong Delta tourism. The results will help the related authorities understand the awareness and perceptions of the key stakeholders and deliver valuable information and a concrete delineated roadmap toward sustainable tourism development of the research settings.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.50-63
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• 2014

Eco-tourism has been recognized as a form of sustainable development that simultaneously satisfies the need for environmental preservation and the activation of local economies. Although some research findings relating to its positive environmental and social effects have been published, there is still controversy regarding its pros and cons in terms of its actual economic benefits, and little research about how they can be increased. Thus, the following research analyzes how the tour activities, attitudes and satisfaction of 314 actual visitors was related with their consumption behaviors, by surveying tourists to Suncheon Bay, a highly popular destination with a large number of visitors. The results are as follows. First, if the tourists were involved in a link-up tour, had prior eco-tourism experience, or had researched information on SunCheon bay eco-tourism before their visit, these were all positively correlated with consumption behaviors, and increased the amount of money they spent. In particular, among tour spending activities, accommodation cost is shown to be highly correlated with tour activities. Second, Free Independent Tourist(FIT) tended to show more positive tour attitudes than package tourists, spending more on accommodation and experience programs. The visitors to SunCheon Bay showed strong environmental attitudes, followed by social and cultural attitudes, and economic attitudes, in that order, and tourists with positive attitudes had a high rate of participation in experience programs. In addition, program participants showed a willingness to donate, and high satisfaction. Therefore, the following thesis proposes that Free Independent Tourist(FIT) should be induced to increase their contribution to the local eco-tourism economy, and highlights the need to develop various experience programs, aggressive advertisements and educational activities.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.81-95
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• 2015

This study is an investigative study into the effects that the 'travel motivations' of participants on walking tourism has on their 'degree of satisfaction' by identifying tourist motivations for selecting walking tour among many types of tourism and their effects on hikers' degree of satisfaction. This study was conducted with hikers affiliated with 'walking on beautiful roads '-one of Busan's preliminary social enterprises- with a total of 176 copies used for a final effective sample. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS WIN 18.0 to conduct a frequency analysis of the sample. Along with exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient was used as an estimate of the validity and reliability of each factor. Multiple regression analysis was done for an analysis of travel motivations and their effects on satisfaction. The scale rates items in the questionnaire in the following categories: 'Motivations' for walking tours consist of 5 factors- vacation, soul-searching, social get-togethers, nature tour, community experience-with a total of 20 items. 'The degree of satisfaction' is made up of a factor with a total of 4 items. The results of the study are as follows: with respect to the hypothesis that motivations for walking tour would have a positive effect on the degree of satisfaction, test results show that 'motivations' have significant partial effects on the 'degree of satisfaction'. Motivations affect the degree of satisfaction in the order of nature tour and soul-searching except for experience and social get-togethers- an indication that participants on walking tours tend to travel for the attractiveness of nature, wanting time for reflection and meditation. As the first investigative study into participants in walking tours products offered by travel agencies, the study has the following implications for marketers: First, travel agencies selling walking tour products and government institutions concerned about the development of hiking trails need to discuss ways to make the most of natural resources as they are- rather than using development-oriented approaches. The study has its own limitation: it is that with the lack of domestic and international studies on walking tours, the study has not gained access to precedent studies on the subject so it has not established a systemic approach to the emerging type of tourism. Hopefully, this study will make a small contribution to its development.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.448-455
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• 2019

Ecotourism, which is attracting attention as a method of sustainable tourism, is a tourism that aims to preserve the environment of the tourist area, to improve the participation and welfare of residents in the tourist area, and to improve the tourism experience and education. Ecotourism is a field that is developing at a faster rate than other areas of tourism. With the pace of growth, ecotourism faces new challenges for sustainability. This study focused on institutional sustainability in addition to economic, socio - cultural and environmental sustainability to assess the sustainability of ecotourism destinations. The results of this study confirm that institutional sustainability should be given priority for sustainability of ecotourism. Examples include the designation of protected areas, the establishment of ecotourism management entities, the regular investigation and research of academic purposes, the management of tourist visits and tourist information, the cooperation and participation of local residents, and the activities of commentators and managers. The attractiveness of ecological resources was also influenced by the access of tourists and the influence of local residents. Therefore, careful attention should be paid to the approach of tourists and the use of land by local residents in ecotourism. In the future, the operation of the visitor center, the professional education and mission of the interpreters' ecological resources, and the training and guidance of tourists by interpreters will be very helpful for the sustainability of the ecotourism destination.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 2022

Purpose: After the Crona Pandemic, all countries are interested in developing various programs to attract tourists. In order to activate the attraction of tourists, it is necessary to discover the information needed by tourists and provide the information based on the visitor's location. Method: This research proposes a system configuration method for creating tourist-oriented tourism contents information. To this end, it creates GIS and QR code-based content and provides necessary information from the tourist's current location. In addition, by using QR codes installed at various points, it provides travel time and other destination information from the current location, and AR image information based on QR codes. Result: The existing tourism content system provides information using a fixed location-based QR code. This research creates and provides customized tourism information based on the location of tourists by generating GIS-based QR codes. Conclusion: This research aims to contribute to the construction of a new tourism information contents and the activation of tourist-oriented tourism information provision.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.147-157
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• 2010

With the immergence of the iPhone, the interest in Smartphones is getting higher as services can be provided directly between service providers and consumers without the network operators. As the number of international tourists increase, individual tourists are also increasing. According to the WTO's (World Tourism Organization) prediction, the number of international tourists will be 1.56 billion in 2020,and the average growth rate will be 4.1% a year. Chinese tourists, in particular, are increasing rapidly and about 100 million will travel the world in 2020. In 2009, about 7.8 million foreign tourists visited Korea and the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism is trying to attract 12 million foreign tourists in 2014. A research institute carried out a survey targeting foreign tourists and the survey results showed that they felt uncomfortable with communication (about 55.8%) and directional signs (about 21.4%) when they traveled in Korea. To solve this inconvenience for foreign tourists, multilingual servicesfor traffic signs, tour information, shopping information and so forth should be enhanced. The appearance of the Smartphone comes just in time to provide a new service to address these inconveniences. Smartphones are especially useful because every Smartphone has GPS (Global Positioning System) that can provide users' location to the system, making it possible to provide location-based services. For improvement of tourists' convenience, Seoul Metropolitan Government hasinitiated the u-tour service using Kiosks and Smartphones, and several Province Governments have started the u-tourpia project using RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) and an exclusive device. Even though the u-tour or u-tourpia service used the Smartphone and RFID, the tourist should know the location of the Kiosks and have previous information. So, this service did not give the solution yet. In this paper, I developed a new convenient service which can provide location based information for the individual tourists using GPS, WiFi, and 3G. The service was tested at Insa-dong in Seoul, and the service can provide tour information around the tourist using a push service without user selection. This self-tour service is designed for providing a travel guide service for foreign travelers from the airport to their destination and information about tourist attractions. The system reduced information traffic by constraining receipt of information to tourist themes and locations within a 20m or 40m radius of the device. In this case, service providers can provide targeted, just-in-time services to special customers by sending desired information. For evaluating the implemented system, the contents of 40 gift shops and traditional restaurants in Insa-dong are stored in the CMS (Content Management System). The service program shows a map displaying the current location of the tourist and displays a circle which shows the range to get the tourist information. If there is information for the tourist within range, the information viewer is activated. If there is only a single resultto display, the information viewer pops up directly, and if there are several results, the viewer shows a list of the contents and the user can choose content manually. As aresult, the proposed system can provide location-based tourist information to tourists without previous knowledge of the area. Currently, the GPS has a margin of error (about 10~20m) and this leads the location and information errors. However, because our Government is planning to provide DGPS (Differential GPS) information by DMB (Digital Multimedia Broadcasting) this error will be reduced to within 1m.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.139-156
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• 2009

Mountain tourism is regarded as an important inbound tourist destination for the whole world. The Himalayan Mountains are house of world's highest peaks that includes over 100 mountains exceeding 8,500 meters. However limited dimension of visitors constraints and motivation has been reported about the high altitude mountain. This research work permits the identification of some of the motivation and constraints related to the decision making of tourism in high altitude mountains. The study was conducted in Korea, Indian state (Sikkim), and Nepal (Kathmandu) due to the popularity and the major destination for mountain tourism. A set of 9 motive, 45 motivation items and 40 constraints were initially generated from a review of research pertaining to visitor motivation and constraints. They were considered to be the most appropriate for measuring visitors motivation and constraints for experiencing high altitude mountain tourism. Validity of dimensionality and inter correlation was evaluated by factor analysis investigation and analysis of obtained data revealed that constraints of Korean are significantly higher than Indian and other inbound tourist. Among the major constraints structural constraints were recorded higher for Indian, Korean and other visitors. Similarly, motives of different visitors varied significantly. This analysis also revealed that Korean motives for travelling were influenced by health and pleasure, whereas, Indian and others motives were mostly related to knowledge seeking and adventure. The environmental importance were given priority by all the countries. The purpose of this study includes; (1) To identify the motives of visitors in high altitude destinations. (2) To analysis the major motivation factor for the altitude tourism. (3) To report the major constraints of visitors travelling to the high altitude. (4) To study whether the strength of motivation help to overcome the constraints.