• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.489-497
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• 2014

본 연구는 복분자 미숙과 물 추출물이 in vivo에서 지질대사 및 산화적 스트레스에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 기능성 식품으로서의 가능성을 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 실험동물은 C57BL/6J mouse를 사용하였으며, 12주 동안 고지질 식이를 급이하면서, 복분자 미숙과 물 추출물을 경구 투여하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 고지질대조군과 비교하였을 때, 복분자 미숙과 첨가군에서 체중증가량, 식이효율이 모두 감소되었고, 혈중 콜레스테롤 및 LDL-콜레스테롤의 농도를 유의성 있게 감소시켰을 뿐만 아니라 간 조직에서 총콜레스테롤의 함량이 유의적으로 감소됨을 확인하였다. 콜레스테롤 합성의 가장 중요한 기작인 LDL receptor와 SREBP2의 활성을 증가시킴으로써, 세포 안으로의 LDL 흡수를 촉진하였고, HMG-CoA reductase의 유전자 발현이 증가되면서 체내 콜레스테롤을 조절하며, ABCA1의 활성화로 인해, 콜레스테롤의 배출을 증가시키는 결과를 도출하였다. 또한, 간조직의 지질산화수준(TBARS)을 유의적으로 감소시켰으며, ox-LDL관련 유전자인 CD36을 억제함으로써, 동맥경화를 예방할 것으로 기대한다. 간의 형태학적 변화를 관찰해본 결과, 고지질대조군에 비하여 지방형성이 현저히 줄어들었음을 확인하였다. 결과적으로 복분자 미숙과 물 추출물이 콜레스테롤의 생합성과 배출 및 산화적 스트레스를 조절하여 고지질 및 동맥경화 질환 예방에 긍정적인 효과를 미치는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.265-269
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different feeding ratios of whole crop barley silage on the embryo production in Hanwoo donors. All donors were basically fed 2.5 kg concentrate daily. Donors were divided into three groups according to the different feeding of forage; hay 70% and rice straw 30% (control, n = 21), whole crop barley silage 80% and rice straw 20% (T1, n = 25), and whole crop barley silage 60% and rice straw 40% (T2, n = 23) fed based on TDN 6.70/ BW 500 kg. All Hanwoo donors received a CIDR together with injections of 1 mg estradiol benzoate and 50 mg progesterone ($P_4$, Day 0). Four days later, they were superovulated with 28 mg FSH twice daily IM in decreasing doses over 4 days. Then donors received 2 doses of $PGF_2{\alpha}$ (25 and 15 mg) with the 5th and 6th injections of FSH on Day 6. CIDR were withdrawn at the 6th FSH injection and the donors received $100\;{\mu}g$ GnRH 36 h after the second $PGF_2{\alpha}$ injection. The donors were artificially inseminated twice, at 8 and 24 h after GnRH, and embryos were recovered 7 or 8 days after the 1st insemination. The flush rate of the donors following positive superovulation responses did not differ among groups (76.2~96.0%, p>0.05). The number of corpus luteum (CL) at embryo recovery also did not differ among groups (10.6~14.0, p>0.05). Furthermore, the mean numbers of total ova (9.4, 10.5 and 12.0) and transferable embryos (5.3, 12.0 and 6.5) did not significantly differ among the control, T1 and T2 groups, respectively (p>0.05). However, mean concentrations of serum $P_4$ of the T1 (64.2 ng/ml) and T2 groups (55.7 ng/ml) were higher than that of control group (43.3 ng/ml, p<0.01), while serum cholesterol concentrations in the control (105.8 mg/dl) and T2 groups ($96.9\;{\pm}\;mg/dl$) were significantly lower than in the T1 group (121.1 mg/dl, p<0.05). Conclusively, whole crop barley silage can be fed a good substitute for hay forage for Hanwoo donors. Furthermore the ratios of whole crop barley silage 60% and rice straw 40% might be more worthful for embryo production.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.17.1-17.6
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• 2015

The present study investigated the nutritional and economic suitability of cashew reject meal (full fat and defatted) as replacement for groundnut cake (GNC) in the diets of laying chickens. A total of eighty four brown shavers at 25 weeks of age were randomly allotted into seven dietary treatments each containing 6 replicates of 2 birds each. The seven diets prepared included diet 1, a control with GNC at $220gkg^{-1}$ as main protein source in the diet. Diets 2, 3 and 4 consist of gradual replacement of GNC with defatted cashew reject meal (DCRM) at 50%, 75% and 100% on weight for weight basis respectively while diets 5, 6 and 7 consist of gradual inclusion of full fat cashew reject meal (FCRM) to replace 25%, 35% and 50% of GNC protein respectively. Each group was allotted a diet in a completely randomized design in a study that lasted eight weeks during which records of the chemical constituent of the test ingredients, performance characteristics, egg quality traits and economic indicators were measured. Results showed that the crude protein were 22.10 and 35.4% for FCRM and DCRM respectively. Gross energy of DCRM was 5035 kcal/kg compared to GNC, 4752 kcal/kg. Result of aflatoxin $B_1$ revealed moderate level between 10 and $17{\mu}g/Kg$ in DCRM and GNC samples respectively. Birds on control gained 10 g, while those on DCRM and FCRM gained about 35 g and 120 g respectively. Feed intake declined (P < 0.05) with increased level of FCRM. Hen day production was highest in birds fed DCRM, followed by control and lowest value (P < 0.05) was recorded for FCRM. No significant change (P > 0.05) was observed for egg weight and shell thickness. Fat deposition and cholesterol content increased (P > 0.05) with increasing level of FCRM. The cost of feed per kilogram decreased gradually with increased inclusion level of CRM. The prediction equation showed the relative worth of DCRM compared to GNC was 92.3% whereas the actual market price of GNC triples that of DCRM. It was recommended that GNC could be completely replaced by DCRM in layer's diets in regions where this by product is abundant. However, FCRM should be cautiously used in diets of laying chickens.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.199-207
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Fermented Laminaria japonica (FL), a type sea tangle used as a functional food ingredient, has been reported to possess cognitive improving properties that may aid in the treatment of common neurodegenerative disorders, such as dementia. MATERIALS/METHODS: We examined the effects of FL on scopolamine (Sco)- and ethanol (EtOH)-induced hippocampus-dependent memory impairment, using the Passive avoidance (PA) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. To examine the underlying mechanisms associated with neuroprotective effects, we analyzed acetylcholine (ACh) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, brain tissue expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), and immunohistochemical analysis, in the hippocampus of mice, compared to current drug therapy intervention. Biochemical blood analysis was carried out to determine the effects of FL on alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels. 7 groups (n = 10) consisted of a control (CON), 3 Sco-induced dementia and 3 EtOH-induced dementia groups, with both dementia group types containing an untreated group (Sco and EtOH); a positive control, orally administered donepezil (Dpz) (4mg/kg) (Sco + Dpz and EtOH + Dpz); and an FL (50 mg/kg) treatment group (Sco + FL50 and EtOH + FL50), orally administered over the 4-week experimental period. RESULTS: FL50 significantly reduced EtOH-induced increase in AST and ALT levels. FL50 treatment reduced EtOH-impaired step-through latency time in the PA test, and Sco- and EtOH-induced dementia escape latency times in the MWM test. Moreover, anticholinergic effects of Sco and EtOH on the brain were reversed by FL50, through the attenuation of AChE activity and elevation of ACh concentration. FL50 elevated ERK1/2 protein expression and increased p-CREB (ser133) in hippocampus brain tissue, according to Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis, respectively. CONCLUSION: Overall, these results suggest that FL may be considered an efficacious intervention for Sco- and EtOH-induced dementia, in terms of reversing cognitive impairment and neuroplastic dysfunction.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.2590-2596
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• 2015

메타분석은 여러 실증연구의 정량적인 결과를 통합과 분석을 통해 전체 결과를 조망할 기회를 제공하는 통계적 통합 방법이다. 우리나라 학술지에 게재된 대사증후군 위험요인에 관한 연구들을 계량적으로 통합하고 검토해보기 위해 진행하였다. 본 연구는 대사증후군에 대한 문헌적 고찰을 통해 선행연구를 살펴보고 열거된 요인에 관한 실증 분석된 연구들을 메타분석 하기 위해 2000년-2015년 국내 학술지에 게재된 36편 논문을 연구대상으로 하였다. 메타분석 결과 허리둘레 사전 사후 경로에서 가장 큰 효과 크기(r = .420)인 것으로 나타났다. 두 번째 큰 효과 크기는 고밀도지단백콜레스테롤 사전 사후 경로(r = -.402)인 것으로 나타났다. 그런데 이완기 혈압 사전 사후 경로가 가장 작은효과 크기(r = .234)인 값을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 연구결과를 바탕으로 학문적 실무적 의의를 논의하였다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.148-153
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• 2015

Allium hookeri is a plant species native to India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and China. The plant is widely cultivated in Korea lately as a medicinal food item. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Allium hookeri (A. hookeri) on lipid metabolism in Type II diabetic mice (n=8/group, 5 groups). High fat diets with dextrin as a positive control (Dex), leaf (AL), root (AR), and fermented root (FAR) at 3% of diet were fed to all experimental mouse, respectively for 8 weeks. Body weight gain, liver and epididymal fat weights, and excreted fecal lipid levels were measured. Serum and hepatic lipid profiles were analyzed, and fat accumulation in liver was evaluated. In this study, body weight gain and epididymal fat weight were lower in the FAR group, while serum HDL-cholesterol level and excreted fecal total lipid and triglyceride levels were higher in AL or FAR groups. These results suggest that A. hookeri, specially fermented root can be a useful food item to control lipid metabolism in diabetic mice.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.185-193
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• 1998

본 연구는 황기의 사료내 첨가·급여가 육계의 항병성, 생산성 및 계육의 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 시행하였다. 기초사료는 전기 3주와 후기 2주에 각각 21과 19％ 수준의 조단백질이 함유되었다. 시험설계는 황기의 첨가수준을 0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00％로 4개의 처리구로 하였고, 처리구당 4반복으로 하였으며, 반복당 50수씩 800수를 이용하였다. 증체량, 사료섭취량, 사료요구율은 5주동안 매주 측정하였고, 시험 종료시에 혈액의 성상 및 계육의 지방과 단백질함량을 조사하였다. 황기 첨가구는 대조구에 비하여 성장에 영향을 미치지 못하였으나, 사료섭취량은 대조구에 비하여 현저하게 감소하였고(P<0.05), 사료효율은 0.25％첨가구에서 개선되는 경향을 보였다. 육계용 사료에 황기의 첨가수준이 증가함에 따라서 혈청 콜레스테롤과 AST는 감소하였으며, 헤마토크릿, 지방, 인과 BUN의 수준은 0.25％첨가구에서 감소하였다. 혈청 GH와 IGF-1은 0.50과 1.00％ 황기 급여구에서 대조구에 비하여 낮았다. 0.25와 0.50％황기 첨가구에서 가슴육의 지방과 단백질함량은 대조구에 비하여 증가하는 경향을 보였으나, 0.50％이상의 수준에서는 일관성이 없었다. 본 시험의 결과 육계용 사료에 황기의 적정 첨가수준은 0.25％이하에서 생산성과 항병성 및 계육의 품질을 개선할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.276-286
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• 2020

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease associated with multiple metabolic disorders. The medicinal plant Curcuma longa L. is widely distributed in Asia and has been used to treat a spectrum diseases in clinical practice. To date, there are inadequate reports of the effects of C. longa 50% EtOH extract (CE) on NAFLD. Therefore, in this study, we evaluate the CE on an NAFLD animal and elucidate the mechanism of action. Methods and Results: C57BL/6J mice fed a methionine-choline deficient diet (MCD) were treated with CE or milk thistle, and changes in inflammation and stetosis were assessed. Experimental animals were divided into six group (n = 10); Normal, MCD, MCD + CE 50 mg/kg/day (CE 50), MCD + CE 100 mg/kg/day (CE 100), MCD + CE 150 mg/kg/day (CE 150), and the Control, MCD + Milk thistle 150 mg/kg/day (MT 150). Body weight, liver weight, liver function, and histological changes were assessed in experimental animals. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses were performed on samples collected after 4 weeks of treatment. We observed that CE administration improved MCD-diet-induced lipid accumulation, and triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels in serum. Treatment with CE also decreased hepatic lipogenesis through modulation of the sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), CCAAT-enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expresion. In addition, the use of CE increased adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and inhibited the up-regulation of toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR-4 signaling and the production of inflammatory mediators. Conclusions: In this report, we observed that CE regulated lipid accumulation in an MCD dietinduced NAFLD model by decreasing lipogenesis. These data suggeste that CE could effectively protect mice against MCD-induced NAFLD, by inhibiting the TLR-2 and TLR-4 signaling cascades.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.212-227
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• 2009

Objective : Membranous nephropathy (MN) is one of the most commonest forms of glomerular disease in man and the most frequent cause of the adult idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Some investigators recommend no treatment, while others propose aggressive therapy, including prednisolone plus an immunosupressant such as chlorambucil or cyclophosphamide. But a more effective way to treat MN is not defined yet. This study was to evaluate the effects of Patriniae Radix extract (PRE) on the MN induced by cBSA in mice. Methods : Mice were divided into 4 groups. The first group (normal) was injected with saline. The second group (control) was treated with cBSA (10 mg/kg i.p) only. The third group, named PRE-2S0, was treated with cBSA (10 mg/kg i.p) and PRE (250 mg/kg, p.o). The fourth group, PRE-500, was treated with cBSA (10mg/kg i.p) and PRE (500mg/kg, p.o). After cBSA and PRE treatment for 4 weeks, we measured change of body weight, 24hrs proteinuria, serum albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, BUN, creatinine, IgG, IgA, IgM, $TNF-\alpha$, $IL-1\beta$, and $IFN-\gamma$ levels and the mRNA expression of $IFN-\gamma$, IL-6, and IL-10. The morphologic changes of renal glomeruli were also observed with a light microscope and an electron microscope. Results : The levels of 24 hrs proteinuria and serum triglyceride. BUN. IgG. $TNF-\alpha$, and $IL-1\beta$ significantly decreased in both PRE groups, while the level of serum albumin significantly increased in both PRE groups. The mRNA expression of IL-10 in splenocytes considerably increased in both PRE groups. The mRNA expression of $IFN-\gamma$ and IL-6 in splenocytes considerably increased in both PRE group. In histological findings of kidney tissue, thickening of GBM decreased in both PRE groups. Conclusions : The present study suggests that PRE is effective when treating mice with MN induced by cBSA. More clinical data and studies are to be done for efficient application.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.389-398
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• 2010

넙치사료에 유자과실을 갈아서 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5% 첨가하여 3개월 간 사육한 후 사육효과 및 자체 항병력 증가 효과를 알아보았다. 유자를 첨가한 사료에서 성장의 유의적인 증가는 없었으나 7.5% 첨가 사료로 사육한 넙치는 2.5%~5% 첨가한 넙치 보다 체중 증가량이 적었다. 혈액학적인 조사 결과에서도 유자첨가로 인하여 넙치의 생리 상태에 부정적인 영향을 보이지는 않았으며 혈중 GOT 및 총콜레스테롤을 감소시키는 효과가 있어 건강도가 증진되는 것으로 나타났다. 혈청의 항세균 활성은 7.5% 시험구에서 높았으나, 라이소자임 활성은 실험구간 차이가 없었다. 어류병원세균의 인위감염에 대한 넙치의 질병저항성은 실험구 간에 차이가 없었으나 2.5% 유자 첨가구의 넙치에서 폐사가 지연되는 효과를 보였다. 그러므로 사료에 유자를 첨가하여 사육하는 것은 넙치의 어류생리학적 식품영양학적인 면에서 부정적인 영향은 없으나 유자첨가량을 2.5 %~5 % 사이로 하여 사육하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단되었다.