• Title/Summary/Keyword: total solution

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Characteristics of Organic Acid Contents and Fermentation Solution of Prunus mume in South Korea

  • Kang, Hee-Kyoung;Kang, Hye-Rin;Lee, Young-Sang;Song, Hong-Seon
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.194-199
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    • 2020
  • This study was carried out to get the information of Plum tree (192 germplasm) collected in Korea, and to evaluate the organic acid contents and fermentation solution. The organic acid content of fruit was 50.9 ± 6.0 mg/g, and which was composed of 55.5% of citric acid, 43.4% of malic acid and 1.1% of oxalic acid, and showed large difference among germplasms. Oxalic acid and malic acid made no differences in organic acid content according to flesh color, whereas citric acid and total organic acid contents were highest in orange color and lowest in whitish green. Malic acid, citric acid and total organic acid contents did not show differences among fruit weight groups, but oxalic acid content was highest at fruit weight of 5.1 ~ 10.0 g and lowest at more than 20.1 g. The sugar content of fermentation solution of fruit was 55.7 ± 1.6 °Brix and the harvest rate was 116.7 ± 8.7%. The correlation coefficients among fruit weight, the sugar content (°Brix) and harvest rate of fermentation solution were very low, and there were correlations of r=-0.551⁎⁎ between fruit weight and oxalic acid, r=-0.767⁎⁎ between malic acid and citric acid, and r=0.834⁎⁎ between citric acid and total organic acid content.

Effect of Synthetic Resin Container on the Stability of FAD Solution (합성수지 용기가 FAD 수용액의 안정성에 미치는 영향)

  • 이계주;유병설
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.23 no.3_4
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    • pp.147-152
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    • 1979
  • Experiments were carried out to investigate for the interaction between FAD solution and synthetic resin containers made of polyvinylchloride(PVC), polyethylene(PE), and polycarbonate(PC), and for the effect of glycyrrhizine or malic acid on stabilization of FAD in aqueous solution by accelerated stability analysis. Analysis of FAD was determined by means of spectrometer and by separating by paper chromatography and metal ions were detected by atomic absorption spectrophotometer, which were extracted from containers by means of Food and Additive Regulation Standard. The thermal decomposition of FAD in aqueous solution was pseudo first order reaction and it was inhibited by adding glycyrrhizine or malic into the solution. PVC, PE and PC containers accelerated the decomposition of FAD in solution. It is assumed that bivalent heavy metals in resin containers may catalize the hydrolysis of FAD. The metals detected from the containers were Ca, Zn, Cu, Fe, Pb and Cd. And the total amounts of detected metals from PVC were 6.2mcg/cm$^{2}$, PE, 5.5mcg/cm$^{2}$, and PC, 2.7mcg/cm$^{2}$ which were proportional to the rate constant of FAD decomposition in aqueous solution.

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A Cost Minimization Model and Its Heuristic Solution Procedure for Storage Carousel Designs (저장캐러셀 설계를 위한 최소비용 모델 및 발견적해법)

  • 나윤균
    • Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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    • v.20 no.44
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    • pp.179-184
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    • 1997
  • A solution procedure to minimize total carousel related costs has been developed under the carousel throughput rate and total storage capacity requirements. The carousel related costs include carousel facility costs which are proportional to the number of carousels and carousel operating costs which are directly related to the moving distances of carousels. The number of carousels is dependent upon the size of a carousel and the moving distances are determined by the size of a carousel, storage item assignment to each carousel, and the item positions in a carousel. When the storage/retrieval requirements for each storage item is equal, an optimal algorithm has been developed. When the storage/retrieval requirements is unequal, a heuristic solution procedure has been developed because of the complexity of the problem.

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A Economic Feasibility Analysis of Energy Saving Technology Application to Underground Subway Station

  • Kim, Hyungchul;Shin, Seungkwon;Jung, Hosung;Kim, Jin-o;Cha, Junmin
    • International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.36-40
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    • 2015
  • In Korea, new total energy-saving solution has planned to build test-bed in underground subway station. Breaking energy is one of the most energy saving method in railway, but it has not be fully used up for economical purpose. This paper demonstrates on energy saving technology application including breaking energy and heating energy to underground subway station. It also offer solution of optimization of power energy flow. Moreover, economic feasibility analysis performed for undergound test bed constuction.

고분자 물질을 사용한 토양 중 방사성 핵종의 고정화

  • 원휘준;김계남;김민길;오원진
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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    • 2003.09a
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    • pp.293-297
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    • 2003
  • A series of laboratory experiments was conducted to investigate the fixation characteristics of poly(vinylalcohol)-poly(methacrylic acid)(PVA-PMAA) mixed solution on the soluble (equation omitted)-radionuclides. Using the potentiometric titration technique, it was found out that the PVA and PMAA in a solution form intermacromolecular complex. The mobilized portion of each radionuclide by water from sand surface treated with a fixative was measured by ${\gamma}$-ray spectroscopy, The mobilized portion of minor radionuclides such as $^{241}$ Am, $^{154}$ Eu, $^{155}$ Eu and $^{144}$ Ce were higher than those of $^{134}$ Cs and $^{137}$ Cs. The capability of PVA-PMAA system was better among the candidate solutions for the fixation of total (equation omitted)-radioactivity, $^{134,137}$Cs which is composed of more than 85 % of total ${\gamma}$-radioactivity could be fixed effectively by the PVA-PMAA solution.

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Fixation of $\gamma$-Radionuclides by the PVA-PMAA System

  • Won, Hui-Jun;Ahn, Byung-Gil;Jung, Chong-Hun;Kim, Gye-Nam;Oh, Won-Zin
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.205-213
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    • 2000
  • A series of laboratory experiments was conducted to investigate the fixation characteristics of poly(vinylalcohol)-poly(methacrylic acid)(PVA-PMAA) mixed solution on the soluble ${\gamma}$- radionuclides. Using the potentiometric titration technique, it was found out that the PVA and PMAA in a solution form intermacromolecular complex. The mobilized portion of each radionuclide by water from sand surface treated with a fixative was measured by ${\gamma}$-ray spectroscopy. The mobilized portion of minor radionuclides such as 241Am, 154Eu, 155Eu and 144Ce were higher than those of 134Cs and 137Cs. The capability of PVA-PMAA system was better among the candidate solutions for the fixation of total ${\gamma}$-radioactivity. 134,137Cs which is composed of more than 85 % of total ${\gamma}$-radioactivity could be fixed effectively by the PVA-PMAA solution.

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An Integer Programming Model and Heuristic Algorithm to Minimize Setups in Product Mix (원료의 선택 및 혼합비율의 변경 횟수를 최소화하기 위한 정수계획법 모형 및 근사해 발견 기법)

  • Lee, Young-Ho;Kim, Seong-In;Shim, Bo-Kyung;Han, Jung-Hee
    • Korean Management Science Review
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.35-43
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    • 2007
  • Minimizing the total number of setup changes of a machine increases the throughput and improves the stability of a production process, and as a result enhances the product qualify. In this context, we consider a new product-mix problem that minimizes the total number of setup changes while producing the required quantities of a product over a given planning horizon. For this problem, we develop a mixed integer programming model. Also, we develop an efficient heuristic algorithm to find a feasible solution of good quality within reasonable time bounds. Computational results show that the developed heuristic algorithm finds a feasible solution as good as the optimal solution in most test problems.

Effects of ionized calcium on microbial cross-contamination in surface of carcass via slaughter process of chickens (이온화칼슘이 도계과정 중 도체표면의 미생물 교차오염에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, B.S.;Jin, J.Y.
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.813-823
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ionized calcium treatment on total bacterial cross-contamination of chicken carcass surface in the slaughtering process. The growth of Escherichia coli was strongly inhibited in a medium prepared by using a 0.5% ionized calcium solution. The total bacterial cross-contamination of chicken carcass surface and the scalding water was significantly increased as the number of scalding was increased (p<0.05). The total bacterial cross-contamination of chicken carcass surface reached a plateau without a further increase as scalding was performed consecutively for 10 or more times. The total bacterial cross-contamination of the scalding water was significantly increased as the number of scalding was increased (p<0.05). The total bacterial cross-contamination of chicken carcass surface of the chickens raised on a floor type farm was significantly higher than that of the chickens raised in a battery cages (p<0.05). The total bacterial cross-contamination of chicken carcass surface of the chickens raised on a floor type farm was significantly lower in the 0.5% ionized calcium solution treatment group than in the control group (p<0.05).

Evaluation on solubility and vapor pressure of H2O/(LiBr+CaCl2) solution as a working fluid (H2O/(LiBr+CaCl2) 3성분계 흡수용액의 용해도 및 증기압 특성 평가)

  • No, S.Y.;Jang, Y.H.;Koo, K.K.;Jeong, S.;Kim, Y.W.;Kim, S.K.
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.163-170
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    • 1997
  • Solubility on $(LiBr+CaCl_2)$ in water has been measured systematically and compared with those of pure LiBr. It has been observed that there exists optimum value of $CaCl_2(LiBr+CaCl_2)$ in solubility when total$(LiBr+CaCl_2)$ concentration is higher than 57wt%. As total concentration increases up to 65wt%, it is found that the optimum value also increases monotonically. From the experimental results, a master plot has been constructed, with which optimum ratio of LiBr to $CaCl_2$ can be found in terms of total concentration. Vapor pressure of $H_2O/(LiBr+CaCl_2)$ solution with optimum contents of $CaCl_2$ has been observed to be changed negligibly at relatiely low temperature. However, as temperature increases, it is found that increasement in vapor pressure is significant.

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A Solution for Sourcing Decisions under Supply Capacity Risk (공급능력 리스크를 고려한 최적 구매계획 해법)

  • Jang, Won-Jun;Park, Yang-Byung
    • Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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    • v.42 no.1
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    • pp.38-49
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    • 2016
  • This paper proposes a mathematical model-based solution for sourcing decisions with an objective of minimizing the manufacturer's total cost in the two-echelon supply chain with supply capacity risk. The risk impact is represented by uniform, beta, and triangular distributions. For the mathematical model, the probability vector of normal, risk, and recovery statuses are developed by using the status transition probability matrix and the equations for estimating the supply capacity under risk and recovery statuses are derived for each of the three probability distributions. Those formulas derived are validated using the sampling method. The results of the simulation study on the test problem show that the sourcing decisions using the proposed solution reduce the total cost by 1.6~3.7%, compared with the ones without a consideration of supply capacity risk. The total cost reduction increases approximately in a linear fashion as the probability of risk occurrence or reduction rate of supply capacity due to risk events is increased.