• 한국항만학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1995

Generally, berth assignment problem has conflicting factors according to the interested parties. In the view of shipping company, it is desirable that berth assignment is made according to the order of arrival. But in the view of port operator, it is better to be assigned regardless the order of arrival to promote the efficiency of berth operation. Thus, it is necessary to establish berth assignment planning which reflects both of interests in a practical situation. This paper aims to develop a reasonable berth assignment algorithm in a container terminal by considering the prescribed factors, and suggests three types of models minimizing the objective functions such as total port staying time, total mooring time and total maximum mooring time by using MPS concept. These models are formulated by 0-1 integer programming and min-max type function, but as the number of variables increases, an optimal solution cannot be achieved easily within a desired computational time. Thus, to tackle this problem this paper proposes a heuristic algorithm, and also the heuristic algorithm proposed in this paper is verified through the several examples.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.113-118
• /
• 1999

Ten specimens of pufferfish Lagocephalus gloveri(called Gumeun-mibog in Korean) were purchased at a fish market in Pusan Korea. The pufferfishes were immediately frozen packed in ice boxes transpor-ted to our laboratory and then dissected in to four parts. The tissues were homoginized after adding with chloroform: methanol mixture solution and storaged at cool and dark place to extract total lipid. The total lipid contents were 29,34∼36.54% in liver 4.95∼6.11% in intestine 1.08∼1.60% in skin and 0.23∼0.38% in muscle of the pufferfish respectively. The contents of DHA and EPA were higher in the total lipids of livers showing 15.99% DHA and 3.04% EPA. The other fatty acids in the total lipids of liver were mainly composed of palmitic acid(16:0) palmitoleic acid(16:1) stearic acid(18:0) and oliec acid(18:1) Furthermore the contents of neurtral lipids were 95.45% and those of phospholipids and glycolipids were 1.45 and 3.09% respectively. Main fattty acids of the neutral lipid were composed of palmitic acid(16:0) stearic acid(18:0) oleic acid(18:1) oleic acid(18:1) EPA(20:6) and DHA(22:6) The contents of DHA and EPA were 16.62 and 2.41% respectvely. From these results of toxicity in the raw liver the tissue was judged to be nontoxic before and after extracting of total lipid.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2001년도 추계학술발표회
• /
• pp.191-194
• /
• 2001

The electrokinetic apparatus for remediation of the soil contaminated with Cs$^{+}$was designed. After kaolin clay was compulsorily contaminated by Cs$^{+}$ solution, the remediation characteristics by electrokinetic method were analyzed. After remediation experiment, the pH of the cathode side of the soil column was increased to 12.7 due to the generation of OH in cathode reservoir, but no hydroxide cesium form in the cathode side. Effluent rate from the cathode almost was constant and cesium concentration of effluent decreased with time passage. The 49% of a total of Cs$^{+}$ in the column was decontaminated for 0.4 day, the 72% of a total of Cs$^{+}$ in the column was decontaminated for 0.8 day, the 83% of a total of Cs$^{+}$ in the column was decontaminated for 1.2 days, the 89% of a total of Cs$^{+}$ in the column was decontaminated for 1.6 days, and the 93% of a total of Cs$^{+}$ in the column was decontaminated for 2.1 day Meanwhile, the predicted values of residual concentration by the developed model were quite similar to those obtained from experiments.m experiments.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 2001

An on-line digestion system based on the flow injection analysis technique was presented for the determination of total phosphorus. The system converts condensed and organic phosphoruses into orthophosphate that can be analyzed spectrophotometically. The reaction between orthophosphate and ammonium molybdate in a strong acid medium forms the yellow complex of phosphomolybdate which is next reduced to a molybdic blue complex by stannous chloride. The quantitation of orthophosphate is based on the absorbance of the molybdic blue. To determine total phosphorus, the digestion system was installed between the sample injector and the reaction coil with the added lines of digestion solution(potassium persulfate+sulfuric acid) and the $H_2O$ carrier. The system has shown that the digestion efficiencies were greater than 95% for the typical condensed and organic phosphoruses. When tripolyphosphate standards were used, the calibration data showed that the linear dynamic range extended to a concentration of 1.5ppm with the detection limit of 25ppb total phosphorus. The typical relative standard deviation was less than 2%. The proposed system was successfully applied to lake water, wastewater, and streamwater. The analytical variables such as digestion efficiency, analysis time, and reproducibility were evaluated and compared with the manual digestion method.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.105-114
• /
• 1976

The study was conducted for an attempt to improve the diluting fluid for total leukocyte count, and to prepare a multipurpose diluting fluid for concurrent direct counts of total leukocytes, eosinophils and the other leukocytes. Through the experiment, two better fluids for total leukocyte count of blood of human, bovine, swine, canine and rabbit were selected, and which conserved cell morphology of leukocytes better than $T{\ddot{u}}rk$-solution. Each formula of two fluids were given as under R I and R II. Formula of multipurpose diluting fluid selected in the experiment was given as under III. With this fluid, direct counts of total leukocytes, eosinophils and probably basophils of blood of human, bovine and swine were practicable concurrently in the same counting chamber of a hemocytometer. In this fluid, eosinophils were stained red in the part of eosinophilic granules and blue in other part of cell, and basophils were stained dark blue like as a lump of black granules, staining three other leukocytes faint blue. Eosinophils of canine blood were not so enough red those in other animal and human and eosinophils of rabbit blood were not distinguishable from pseudoeosinophils in this fluid.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.199-205
• /
• 2004

The effect of chitosan on enzymatic activities and on bioactive compounds was characterized during germination at $25^{\circ}C$ for 7 days to search for a method to produce a germinated black rice. The germination rate was reduced by the addition of lactate and chitosan. The rotting rate was greatly decreased by chitosan, suggesting that the addition of chitosan into a germination solution might be an effective method for controlling fungal contamination during the germination of cereals. The addition of 100 and 200 ppm chitosan increased $\alpha$-amylase activity after 7 days by up to 152 % and 197 %, respectively. The activities of $\beta$-amylase and $\beta$-glucosidase were lower with 200 ppm chitosan than in distilled water and 100 ppm lactate. The amount of total soluble phenolics and total flavonoids decreased rapidly for four days and thereafter remained constant until the seventh day. The antioxidant activity of germinated black rice, in terms of hydrogen-donating activity, increased slowly and did not correspond to the changes of total soluble phenolics and total flavonoids. The amount of phytic acid was reduced by the addition of 200 ppm chitosan compared to distilled water, indicating that chitosan could be used as an elicitor for the increase of phytase activity during the germination of black rice.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.84-90
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 인산염의 첨가와 침지가 저지방 소시지의 저장기간에 따른 품질 및 저장성을 평가하기 위해 실시하였다. 저지방 소시지에 0.4% STPP를 첨가하고, 10% TSP 용액에 침지함에 따라 pH값이 증가하였다. STPP의 첨가에 따라 적색도가 감소하는 반면, 10% TSP 침지구의 황색도는 증가하였다(p<0.05). 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 명도는 유의적으로 감소한 반면 적색도는 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 약 5 Log CFU/g로 접종된 Listeria monocytogenes(LM) 균수는 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 4주에 8.03-8.22 Log CFU/g로 나타났고 8주에는 7.89 Log CFU/g로 약간 감소했다. 접종된 저지방 소시지의 저장 중 총균과 LM균의 성장은 10%의 TSP 침지에 의해 pH의 증가로 유의적으로 더 촉진된 것으로 판단된다. 이와 같은 결과를 종합하면 인산염 첨가 및 침지는 pH와 색도(명도와 황색도)에 영향을 주었으며 저장기간 중 뚜렷한 항균 및 항산화 효과는 없었다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제18권12호
• /
• pp.197-205
• /
• 2013

본 연구에서는 동적 임분 생장모델과 Simulated Annealing 휴리스틱 기법을 적용하여 최적의 산림시업체계를 도출하기 위한 임분탄소최적화 프로그램을 개발하였다. SA 휴리스틱 알고리즘은 다양한 경영목표를 다룰 때 비교적 짧은 시간 내에 만족할만한 수준의 경영안을 제공할 수 있는 최적화 기법으로서, 더 이상 최적해를 찾지 못하고 목표 값이 어떤 일정한 값(Local Optimum)에 계속 머무는 현상을 해결하기 위해 열균형 테스트를 이용하고 있다. 열균형 테스트에 적용되는 온도저감율 파라미터 값이 최적화 프로세스의 목적함수 값과 반복횟수에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 본 연구에서는 온도저감율에 따른 민감도 분석을 실시하였다. 개발된 프로그램을 이용하여 기존의 산림경영에 주로 적용되고 있는 시업체계(베이스라인), 목재수확량 최대와 탄소저장량 최대의 3가지 산림시업 시나리오에 대해 비교 분석을 한 결과, 목재수확량 최대를 목표로 한 시나리오가 3개 시나리오 가운데 목재수확량이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 또한 탄소저장량을 최대로 하는 시나리오가 탄소저장량이 가장 높은 것으로 나타나, 본 연구에서 개발된 프로그램이 최적화된 결과를 도출하는 것으로 판단됐다. 온도저감율 파라미터 값에 대한 민감도 분석에서는 온도저감율에 따라 목적함수의 최적 값과 최적화 프로세스 반복횟수가 뚜렷한 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 임분탄소 최적화 프로그램은 앞으로 우리나라 산림의 탄소 최적화 시업체계 개발에 활용 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제25권10호
• /
• pp.1381-1388
• /
• 2012

An in vitro experiment was conducted to examine the effects of defaunation (removal of protozoa) on ruminal fermentation characteristics, $CH_4$ production and degradation by rumen microbes when incubated with cereal grains (corn, wheat and rye). Sodium lauryl sulfate as a defaunation reagent was added into the culture solution at a concentration of 0.000375 g/ml, and incubated anaerobically for up to 12 h at $39^{\circ}C$. Following defaunation, live protozoa in the culture solution were rarely observed by microscopic examination. A difference in pH was found among grains regardless of defaunation at all incubation times (p<0.01 to 0.001). Defaunation significantly decreased pH at 12 h (p<0.05) when rumen fluid was incubated with grains. Ammonia-N concentration was increased by defaunation for all grains at 6 h (p<0.05) and 12 h (p<0.05) incubation times. Total VFA concentration was increased by defaunation at 6 h (p<0.05) and 12 h (p<0.01) for all grains. Meanwhile, defaunation decreased acetate and butyrate proportions at 6 h (p<0.05, p<0.01) and 12 h (p<0.01, p<0.001), but increased the propionate proportion at 3 h, 6 h and 12 h incubation (p<0.01 to 0.001) for all grains. Defaunation increased in vitro effective degradability of DM (p<0.05). Production of total gas and $CO_2$ was decreased by defaunation for all grains at 1 h (p<0.05, p<0.05) and then increased at 6 h (p<0.05, p<0.05) and 12 h (p<0.05, p<0.05). $CH_4$ production was higher from faunation than from defaunation at all incubation times (p<0.05).

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.88-98
• /
• 2006

Background : Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa which is characterized by sneezing, coughing itchy nose, mouth and throat, congestion and/or nasal discharge. Object : We have studied effects of the Okbyeongpung-san plus Socheongryong-tang on the change of the amounts of IL-4, II-5, $IFN-{\gamma}$ and total IgE in rats OVA-induced allergic rhinitis. Method : The 15 rats were divided into three groups ; normal group, control group, and sample group. To induce allergic rhinitis in control group and sample group , rats were sensitized intraperitoneally with 0.1% ovalbumin(OVA) solution 3 times at intervals of 1 week. Then intranasal sensitization was performed by diffusing 0.1% ovalbumin(OVA) solution 3 times at intervals of 2 days. After that time, rats in the sample group were oral administration treated by Okbyeongpung-san plus Socheongryong-tang 28 days. We observed the change of the amounts of IL-4, II-5, $IFN-{\gamma}$ and total IgE in rats in each grout. Result : 1. In Total IgE study, the treated group was proved significant inhibitory effect(p<0.05) 2. In Interleukin-4(IL-4) study, the treated group was proved significant inhibitory effect(p<0.001> 3. In IL-5 study, the treated group was proved significant inhibitory effect(p<0.001> 4. In Interferone-${\gamma}(IFN-{\gamma})$ study, the treated group was proved significant inhibitory effect(p<0.005) Conclusion : According to the above results, it is considered that the Okbyeongpung-san flus Socheongyong-tang has inhibitory effects on the allergic rhinitis of rats.