• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.150-167
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• 2001

This cross sectional study was done to find out the situation of computer online pornography access by 4th to 6th grade elementary school students. The subjects of this study were three elementary schools in Andong, which were selected randomly and 120 students randomly selected from 4th to 6th grade for a total of 360 students. The questionnaire was composed with the help of a community health nursing professor and through the reference review. The collected data were analysed by a PC SPSS 10.0 according to school grade and sex, an 12-test was implemented to learn what percent of students have computers and software which prohibit the viewing of online pornography, access motivation and time, content viewed, attitude after accessing the contents, and opinions about computer online pornography. The results of this study were as follows. 1. A total of 86.1% of students had computers at home. Most students placed computers in their own room, 78.9% of students had computer online communication experience. Higher grade students tended to have more experience of communications on the internet (P<0.001). Most students chatted on the internet once or twice a week and higher grade students tended to communicate online more frequently. (P<0.001). Most students used computers more than one hour a day (P<0.05). They used computers according to the following priorities: game, studying, listening to music, communications, chatting. 2. Regarding the frequency of going computer online more than seven times per week, male students showed a higher frequency than female students (P<0.05). Male students used computers more than one hour a day and female students less than half an hour (P<0.001). Male students mostly used computers to play computer games. On the other hand. female students used the computer to study, listen to music, and chat (P<0.001). 3. Regarding software installation to prevent access of computer online pornography, a total of 19.4% of students responded they installed one. but 80.6% didn't have any, 20.3% of students had accessed pornography, 46.6% of students responded. they first get to know to the computer online pornography through friends. 4. The reasons for accessing computer online pornography were ranked as follows: curiosity, interest, to release stress, and sex drive (P<0.05). Obscene contents were found in computer games, pictures, and video. Among these, pictures were the most common. 5. Regarding students' attitude toward online pornography, most students responded that they took much pleasure in the contents (P<0.05). 6. Regarding the question 'Does online pornography degrade morals and cause a sex crime', most students responded as 'no'. They also responded positively to the suggestion that the contents would be effective in preventing sex crimes and to release stress. 74.7% of students responded that males' access of the contents as proper but females' access as immoral. Regarding social efforts to protect students from this harmful environment. most replied that those efforts were unnecessary (P<0.001).

• 환경영향평가
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2013

Myanmar(Burma) has been preserved valuable environmental resources because of its political isolation. But recently, Myanmar has moved a capital city(Naypyidaw) at central forest area and it has been urbanized radically since 2005. In this paper, we built multi-temporal land cover map from Landsat images of 1970s to 2012 with ENVI 4.5 software. For a broad approach, administrative district Yamethin which includes Naypyidaw is classified into 3 classes and with only Naypyidaw region is classified with 4-5 classes to analyse specific changes. And with forest cover extracted by Object Oriented Classification, we evaluated forest fragmentation before and after the development using Patch Analyst(FRAGSTATs 3.3) at Yamethin area. For Yamethin area, there were significant forest cover change, 51% in 1999 to 48% in 2012, and for Naypyidaw area, 67% in 1999 to 57% in 2012 respectively. Also landscape indices resulted from Patch Analyst concluded that the total edge, edge density and mean shaped index of forest patches increased and total core area is decreased. It is attributed from land cover change with urbanization and agricultural land expansion.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제17권
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• pp.135-160
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• 2005

In the 1990s, university environment is changing rapidly(especially, difficulty of student registration which are originated student's decrease and various deregulation) and university get ready for the new ways of management culture. This new ways are management innovation strategies. The purpose of this study is to suggest the direction of effective innovation(to search application possibility of management innovation strategy), solving the problems occurred by the enlargement and change in the environments of universities. From early in the 1990s, korean corporations perform actively many management innovation strategy including benchmarking, restructuring, downsizing, zero-based budgeting, BPR, learn organization and total quality management. But korean most universities performed hardware management innovation strategies such as corporate portfolio restructuring(including outsourcing, M&A, MBO etc.) and organization restructuring. Therefore korean universities have got to concerns about more software management innovation strategy such as total quality management and learn organization. Also we have seen another problems such as that universities try to merely duplicate certain management innovation strategies which are used by another university. rather than to make various effort to adequate their own organizations. In conclusion, korean universities are to play an important roles in the development of knowledge society. The management innovation and individual competence development in the university are required to overcome crisis of university.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.470-480
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to validate the scale of Informatics Competencies for Nurses developed by Staggers, Gassert & Curran(2001) among Korean nurses. Methods: The subjects of this study were 58 RN-BSN students and 314 nurses in Busan, Ulsan and Kyoungnam province. Data were collected by questionnaires from June to August, 2006 and from October, 2006 to August, 2007 and were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis for construct validity and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient for reliability. Results: A factor analysis was conducted and 30 items that had a factor loading more than .40 were extracted. The explained variance from 5 factors was 55.33% of the total variance. The factors were named 'basic computer usage', 'medical informatics-related software usage', 'computer related information management', 'perception of informatics', and 'information search using internet'. The first factor consisted 10 items which explained 29.89% of the total variance and the second factor contained 7 items. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient was .91 among the 30 items. Conclusion: This scale, Informatics Competencies for Nurses, was proved as a proper instrument to apply to Korean nurses.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.494-503
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• 2017

Purpose: This study is to grasp factors influencing the quality of life in older adults after total knee replacement. Methods: This study was conducted with 165 older adults who had TKR at four orthopedic hospitals in D city. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, independent t-test, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple linear regression with SPSS 19.0 software. Results: Pain and depression were negatively correlated with range of motion, social support, while sense of coherence was positively correlated with quality of life. Sense of coherence (43%, ${\beta}=.40$), pain (8%, ${\beta}=-.30$), and depression (3%, ${\beta}=-.20$) on the Physical Component Summary in the quality of life have significant explanatory power of 54%. Sense of coherence (49%, ${\beta}=.44$), social support (6%, ${\beta}=.25$), and depression (3%, ${\beta}=-.22$) on the Mental Component Summary in the quality of life have significant explanatory power of 58%. Conclusion: This study suggests developing a program to improve the quality of life in older adults who had TKR, considering factors such as sense of coherence.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.435-443
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• 2012

온라인 게임은 유저에게 다양한 재미 경험을 주는 하드웨어와 소프트웨어를 근간으로 하는 토탈 제품이다. 이러한 제품은 기업에게 이윤을 창출 하며 게임사용자에게는 만족스러운 서비스를 동시에 총족시켜야 한다. 그러므로 게임 제작과정에서 게임테스트 부분은 다양한 방법과 검증을 통해 게임사용자에게 만족할 만한 콘텐츠를 제공하기 위한 필수과정이라고 할 수 있다. 즉, 게임테스트가 전문적인 직무 담당자를 통해서 체계적으로 이루어진다면 게임의 완성도를 높일 수 있으며 안정적인 상용화 서비스를 시행할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 전문적인 테스트 직무에 대한 범위와 테스트 과정의 사례를 정량적으로 제시하여 테스트 직무에 대한 체계적인 과정을 제안 하였다.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.68-73
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• 2016

2016, in total 53 corporations operate 160 aircraft. Since 2000, 52 accidents occurred in these corporations. This number takes 20.2% out of in total 257 accidents. Especially in 2016, in two(2) accidents, two(2) aircraft and people onboard were damaged. According to accident reports of aircraft using service, in most cases actions against common sense were connected to accidents. This means that attentions of managers or pilot would have protected accidents. On the basis of such background, this research analyses accidents cases of corporations operating aircraft by utilizing ahp. According to this anlysis, unlike scheduled and unscheduled airlines, pilots in command (0.109) and assisting crew (0.105) in Liveware have taken the most importance. Operational procedure (0.100) in Software and a controlling system (0.086) in Hardware have shown the second most importance. This result demonstrates that in case of corporations operating aircraft require safety management at different level than airlines.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the English abstract key words found within the Korea Society of Emergency Medical Services journal using text mining techniques to determine the adherence of these terms with Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and identify key word trends. Methods: We analyzed 212 papers that were published from 2012 to 2019. R software, web scraping, and frequency analysis of key words were conducted using R's basic and text mining packages. Additionally, the Word Clouds package was used for visualization. Results: The average number of key words used per study was 3.9. Word cloud visualization revealed that CPR was most prominent in the first half and emergency medical technician was most frequently used during the second half. There were a total of 542 (64.9%) words that exactly matched the MeSH listed words. A total of 293 (35%) key words did not match MeSH listed words. Conclusion: Researchers should obey submission rules. Further, journals should update their respective submission rules. MeSH key words that are frequently cited should be suggested for use.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1096-1104
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• 1996

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of sodium cholride supplementation on bone metabolism in female rats consuming a low calcium diet. Twenty five female rats were divided into three dietary groups (control Na : 0.1038%, 1% Na : 1.036%, 2% Na : 2.072%). All experimental diets contained 0.27% Ca and were fed to rats with deionized water for 7 weeks. Bone mineral density(BMD) and bone mineral content(BMC) of total body, spine and femur were measured using energy x-ray absorptiometry(DEXA) by small animal software. Then Ca efficiency was calculated from BMD and BMC. Serum Ca, P, Na and urine Ca, P, Na were determined. Urinary pyridinoline, serum ALP were measured to monitor bone resorption. Following 7 weeks, sodium cholride supplemented groups had higher urinary Ca excreteion, urinary pyridinoline, crosslinks value and serum ALP. There was no significant difference in case of serum Ca among all groups. Sodium chloride supplemnted groups had lower Ca effciency of total, spine and femur BMD and BMC than that of control group. In conclusion high salt intake not only increases urinary Ca excretion as urinary Na excretion does but also increase bone resorption and decrease Ca efficiency of each bone. It is been suggested that high salt intake may be harmful for bone maintenance. Therfore, the decrease of salt intake to the level of recommendation would be desirable.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

Prestressed concrete I-girders are subject to different load types at their construction stages. At the time of strand release, i.e., detensioning, prestressed concrete girders are under the effect of dead and prestressing loads. At this stage, the camber, total net upward deflection, of prestressed girder is summation of the upward deflection due to the prestressing force and the downward deflection due to dead loads. For the calculation of the upward deflection, it is generally considered that prestressed concrete I-girder behaves linear-elastic. However, the field measurements on total net upward deflection of prestressed I-girder after detensioning show contradictory results. In this paper, camber calculations with the linear-elastic beam and elastic-stability theories are presented. One of a typical precast I-girder with 120 cm height and 31.5 m effective span length is selected as a case study. 3D finite element model (FEM) of the girder is developed by SAP2000 software, and the deflections of girder are obtained from linear and nonlinear-static analyses. Only geometric nonlinearity is taken into account. The material test and field measurement of this study are performed at prestressing girder plant. The results of the linear-elastic beam and elastic-stability theories are compared with FEM results and field measurements. It is seen that the camber predicted by elastic-stability theory gives acceptable results than the linear-elastic beam theory while strand releasing.