• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2018

This research was conducted to study the gene expression of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) seedlings under salt stress condition. A solution of five percent ($2.3dS\;m^{-1}$) deep sea water was used for the salt treatment, and it was thereby compared to normal irrigation water ($0.2dS\;m^{-1}$) used for the control treatment. The mRNA was extracted from the leaves of the coffee seedlings for a comprehensive analysis. In this study, a total of 19,581 genes were identified and aligned to the reference sequences available in the coffee genome database. The gene ontology analysis was performed to estimate the number of genes associated with the identified biological processes, cellular components and molecular functions. Among the 19,581 genes, 7369 (37.64%) were associated with biological processes, 5909 (30.18%) with cellular components, and 5325 (27.19%) with molecular functions. The remaining 978 (4.99%) genes were therefore grouped as unclassified. A differential gene expression analysis was performed using the DESeq2 package to identify the genes that were differentially expressed between the treatments based on fold changes and p-values. Namely, a total of 611 differentially expressed genes were identified (treatment/control) in that case. Among these, 336 genes were up-regulated while 275 of the genes were down-regulated. Of the differentially expressed genes, 60 genes showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) expression, 44 of which were up-regulated and 16 which were down-regulated. We also identified 11 differentially expressed transcription factor genes, 6 of which were up-regulated and rest 5 genes were down-regulated. The data generated from this study will help in the continued interest and understanding of the responses of coffee seedlings genes associated with salinity stress, in particular. This study will also provide important resources for further functional genomics studies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5725-5730
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• 2013

Cancer patients often suffer from local tumor recurrence after radiation therapy. Cell cycling, an intricate sequence of events which guarantees high genomic fidelity, has been suggested to affect DNA damage responses and eventual radioresistant characteristics of cancer cells. Here, we established a radioresistant lung cancer cell line, A549R, by exposing the parental A549 cells to repeated ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation with a total dose of 60 Gy. The radiosensitivity of A549 and A549R was confirmed using colony formation assays. We then focused on examination of the cell cycle distribution between A549 and A549R and found that the proportion of cells in the radioresistant S phase increased, whereas that in the radiosensitive G1 phase decreased. When A549 and A549R cells were exposed to 4 Gy irradiation the total differences in cell cycle redistribution suggested that G2-M cell cycle arrest plays a predominant role in mediating radioresistance. In order to further explore the possible mechanisms behind the cell cycle related radioresistance, we examined the expression of Cdc25 proteins which orchestrate cell cycle transitions. The results showed that expression of Cdc25c increased accompanied by the decrease of Cdc25a and we proposed that the quantity of Cdc25c, rather than activated Cdc25c or Cdc25a, determines the radioresistance of cells.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.364-368
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• 2011

An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of Cordyceps militaris mycelia on microbial populations and fibrolytic enzyme activities in vitro. C. militaris mycelia was added to buffered rumen fluid with final concentrations of 0.00, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30 g/L and incubation times were for 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h. At all incubation times, the supplementation of C. militaris mycelia linearly increased the number of total viable and celluloytic bacteria; maximum responses were seen with 0.25 g/L supplementation of C. militaris mycelia. The addition of C. militaris mycelia above the level of 0.20 g/L significantly (p<0.01) increased the number of total and cellulolytic bacteria compared with the control. On the other hand, the response of fungal counts to the supplementation of C. militaris mycelia showed a linear decrease; the lowest response was seen with 0.30 g/L supplementation of C. militaris mycelia. It would seem that C. militaris mycelia possess a strong negative effect on rumen fungi since the lowest level of C. militaris mycelia supplementation markedly decreased fungal counts. Carboxylmethyl cellulase activities were linearly increased by the addition of C. militaris mycelia except at 3 and 9 h incubation times. At all incubation times, the supplementation of C. militaris mycelia linearly increased the activities of xylanase and avicelase. In conclusion, the supplementation of C. militaris mycelia to the culture of mixed rumen microorganisms showed a positive effect on cellulolytic bacteria and cellulolytic enzyme activities but a negative effect on fungi.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.1779-1786
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• 2020

Objective: To evaluate soy sauce oil (a by-product of making whole soybean soy sauce) as a new dietary lipid source, a large amount of soy sauce oil was administered into the rumen of dairy cows. Methods: Four Holstein dairy cows fitted with rumen cannulae were used in a 56-day experiment. Ruminal administration of soy sauce oil (1 kg/d) was carried out for 42 days from day 8 to day 49 to monitor nutritional, physiological and production responses. Results: Dry matter intake and milk yield were not affected by soy sauce oil administration, whereas 4% fat-corrected milk yield and the percentage of milk fat decreased. Although ruminal concentration of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and the proportion of individual VFA were partially affected by administration of soy sauce oil, values were within normal ranges, showing no apparent inhibition in rumen fermentation. Administration of soy sauce oil decreased the proportions of milk fatty acids with a carbon chain length of less than 18, and increased the proportions of stearic, oleic, vaccenic and conjugated linoleic acids. Conjugated linoleic acid content in milk became 5.9 to 8.8 times higher with soy sauce oil administration. Blood serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, total cholesterol, free cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid increased with administration of soy sauce oil, suggesting a higher energy status of the experimental cows. Conclusion: The results suggest that soy sauce oil could be a useful supplement to potentially improve milk functionality without adverse effects on ruminal fermentation and animal health. More detailed analysis is necessary to optimize the supplementation level of this new lipid source in feeding trials.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.367-372
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• 2015

We investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of two types (powder or liquid) of propolis on innate immunity and disease resistance of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus against Edwerdsiella tarda. A total of 600 fish averaging 30 g were randomly distributed into 24 tanks in groups of 25. Three tanks were assigned to each of eight experimental diets: 0 (Control), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 % propolis in powder form and 0.25, 0.5 and 1 % propolis in liquid form (PP0.25, PP0.5, PP0.75, PP1, LP0.25, LP0.5 and LP1, respectively). Fish were fed each experimental diet twice daily for four weeks to apparent satiation. At the end of the feeding trial, lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activities and total immunoglobulin level were significantly higher in fish fed the PP1 and LP0.5 diets compared to those fed the control diet. The PP1 diet was also associated with a significant increase in anti-protease activity compared to the control diet. After challenge with E. tarda, fish fed the LP0.5 diet showed numerically higher survival compared to the other groups. This study indicates that non-specific immune responses of olive flounder can be enhanced by dietary supplementation with powder and liquid forms of propolis, and that the optimal level would be 1% in powder form or 0.5% in liquid form. It seemed that growth performance and feed utilization are not affected by the propolis supplementation in diets for olive flounder.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.112-123
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• 2010

Objectives: Three yin-tonifying formulae (Ssanghwa-tang, Yukmijihwang-tang and Jaeumganghwa-tang) were applied to investigate their immunological activities on antigen (Ag)-specific or Ag-non-specific immune responses in the murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) and in ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized mice. Methods: This study was carried out in nitricoxide (NO) synthesis in RAW 264.7 cells and cellular proliferation in mouse splenocytes in association with three herbal formulas. C57BL/6 mice were immunized intraperitoneally with OVA/aluminum ($100\;{\mu}g/200\;{\mu}g$/mouse) on days 1, 8, and 15. Three herbal formulas were administrated to mice orally for 3 weeks from day 1. On day 22, OVA-, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-, and concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated splenocyte proliferation and antibodies (OVA-specific antibodies of the IgG, IgG1, and total IgM classes) in plasma were measured. Results: All three yin-tonifying formulas significantly enhanced cellular proliferation by LPS and Con A in splenocytes from OVA-immunized mice (p<0.001). Also, these herbal formulas all significantly enhanced plasma OVA-specific IgG, IgG1, and total IgM levels compared with the OVA/Alum group. Conclusion: These results suggested that the three yin-tonifying formulae could be used as stimulators of immune response.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.392-402
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• 2009

Purpose : First, this study is to look into difference between dental hygienists' demographic characteristics and their job satisfaction by examining their demographic characteristics and job satisfaction. Second, this study is to analyze demographic factors of dental hygienists which influence their job satisfaction. Method : This study was made through mail survey with questionnaires for dental hygienists who are personally performing dental hygienist duties at dental clinics in Seoul between June 19 and July 24, 2008 by looking into factors influencing dental hygienists' job satisfaction in order to provide them as background data to enhance their job satisfaction. Total 180 questionnaires were distributed, and among these, 156 questionnaires excluding 24 questions of incomplete responses were statistically analyzed with SPSS 12.0. Result : First, the total mean of dental hygienists' job satisfaction was found to be 2.99 points out of 5 points, and that of their autonomy to be the highest as 3.26, and that of their salary to be the lowest as 2.55. Second, for relation between general characteristics and job satisfaction of dental hygienists, significant difference was found just in job experience(p<0.05), current position(p<0.05), average salary(p<0.001), and the expected period of engagement in dental hygienist duties(p<0.01). Third, descriptive power on demographic characteristics, which were used as an independent variable influencing their job satisfaction, was found to be 17.7%, and among the said factors, average salary had a statistically significant effect on their job satisfaction(p<0.01). Conclusion : The point of salary factor was lowest among 5 factors composing dental hygienists' job satisfaction, and as a result of multiple regression analysis, a factor influencing job satisfaction was average salary. Therefore salary system is required to be improved in order to increase their job satisfaction, and further studies on factors influencing their job satisfaction are also required to be made.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.187-198
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• 2020

Purpose : This study was conducted to provide basic data for the association's policy management and to improve the activity areas by investigating Gyeonggi-do physical therapists' recognition of the national responsibility for dementia. Methods : A total of 1,839 physical therapists participated in this survey, and the data from a total of 29 questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 windows. Results : Among the physical therapists in Gyeonggi-do, 61.1 % had low awareness of the national responsibility for dementia, and the recognition of the center for dementia was also low. On the other hand, there was a remarkably high opinion that the physical therapist was a necessary workforce, and positive responses to dementia-related work and education participation were also high, 51.9 % and 68.5 %, respectively. Those with a high educational background, annual salary, clinical experience, or dementia-related institutions, such as nursing homes and physical therapy, had a high awareness of "dementia national responsibility", awareness of "center for dementia" and "participation in dementia-related work and education". On the other hand, "work participation" and "education participation" were found to be inversely related to age and clinical experience. Conclusion : Physical therapists based in Gyeonggi-do showed an awareness of dementia policy. This result will help the association's policy management and protect the physical therapist's rights and interests.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.8-12
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• 2007

All accessions of Rehmannia glutinosa show the unique characteristic of intrinsic tolerance to paraquat. The higher level of endogenous superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity and its increase upon paraquat treatment indicated the involvement of SOD in the tolerance mechanism to paraquat in R. glutinosa. In this study, we examined the isoform-specific response of SOD to oxidative stresses and hormones. Six SOD isoforms were found in the leaf, and they were identified as two MnSODs(named MnSOD I and MnSOD II, in order of increasing mobility), one FeSOD and three Cu/ZnSODs(named Cu/ZnSOD I, Cu/ZnSOD II, and Cu/ZnSOD III, in order of increasing mobility). MnSOD I, MnSOD II, FeSOD, Cu/ZnSOD I, Cu/ZnSOD II, and Cu/ZnSOD III, contributed to 4, 11, 7, 15, 30, and 32% of the total SOD activity, respectively. Total SOD activity levels in the leaf were increased by 4, 24, and 21% by paraquat, salicylic acid(SA), and yeast extract(YE), respectively, but little by ethephon. Six SOD isoforms responded differentially to these stresses and hormones. The activities of all the isoforms were increased by YE and SA except that of MnSOD I which was decreased by SA. The activities of MnSOD I, FeSOD, and CuZnSOD I were increased by paraquat. These results suggest that amelioration of oxidative stresses by SOD is fine-tuned by the differential expression of isoforms in R. glutinosa.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.161-168
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• 2016

In this study, growth enhancing effect of hatchery waste egg decomposed liquid fertilizer in pepper plant cultivation through chlorophyll fluorescence (O-J-I-P) analysis. In a whole growth period, egg decomposed fertilizer treated pepper grew well than non treated plant, though it was not statistically significantly different. Amount of chlorophyll fluorescence of non treated plant was higher thant that of fertilizer treated plant. It is determined that eventually lead to increased photosynthesis. In this study, six parameters, Fo, ABS/RC, RC/ABS, TRo/RC, DI0/RC, and DF Total ABS were the important factors represent efficiency of photochemical responses of pepper plant treated with hatchery waste egg decomposed fertilizer.