• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.1270-1275
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• 2014

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of porcine follicle stimulating hormone (pFSH) dosage based on body weight (BW) on ovarian responses of crossbred does. Thirty donor does were divided into 3 groups getting pFSH dosages of 3, 5, and 8 mg pFSH per kg BW, respectively, and were named as pFSH-3, pFSH-5 and pFSH-8, respectively. Estrus was synchronized by inserting a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device and a single injection of prostaglandin $F2{\alpha}$ ($PGF2{\alpha}$). The pFSH treatments were administered twice a day through 6 decreasing dosages (25, 25, 15, 15, 10, and 10% of total pFSH amount; decreasing daily). Ovarian responses were evaluated on Day 7 after CIDR removal. After CIDR removal, estrus was observed 3 times in a day and pFSH treatments were initiated at 2 days before the CIDR removal. All does in pFSH-5 and pFSH-8 showed estrus signs while half of the does in pFSH-3 showed estrus signs. No differences (p>0.05) were observed on the corpus luteum and total ovarian stimulation among the treatment groups, while total and transferable embryos were higher (p<0.05) in pFSH-5 (7.00 and 6.71) than pFSH-3 (3.00 and 2.80) and pFSH-8 (2.00 and 1.50), respectively. In conclusion, 5 mg pFSH per kg BW dosage gave a higher number of embryos than 3 and 8 mg pFSH per kg BW dosages. The results indicated that the dosage of pFSH based on BW is an important consideration for superovulation in goats.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.126-135
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• 1998

The object of this study was to investigate the relationship between stress and the extent of coronary artery stenosis in 101 patients with coronary artery diseases. Global assessment of recent stress(GARS) scale and perceived stress response inventory were used to measure perception for stressors and stress responses. Biological variables such as the extent of coronary artery stenosis, the number of the affected lesions on coronary angiography, serum Low Density Lipoprotein(LDL)-cholesterol, High Density Lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol, and total cholesterol were measured in all the subjects. Scores of perceived stress related to changes in relationship and overall global scores on GARS scale had significantly positive correlation with the extent of coronary artery stenosis. On the other hand, scores of percieved stress related to changes in relationship and changes or no changes in routine had significantly positive correlation with the number of the lesions. Scores of perceived stress related to change or no change in routine also positively correlated with serum level of LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol. In contrast, general somatic symptoms negatively correlated with the extent of coronary artery stenosis. Impulsive-aggressive behavior negatively correlated with the number of the lesions. However, impulsive-aggressive thinking positively correlated with LDL-cholesterol. The above results suggest that perception for stressors may negatively affect the extent of coronary artery stenosis, the number of the lesions, serum LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol. However, some stress responses showed inconsistent effect on the above biological variables. Thus, strategies designed to modify perception for stressors and some stress responses are likely to help the patients minimize the extent of coronary artery stenosis and prevent the diseases.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.307-326
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• 2004

Statement of problem. The long-term success of implants is the development of a stable direct connection between bone and implant surface, which must be structural and functional. To improve a direct implant fixation to the bone, various strategies have been developed focusing on the surface of materials. Among them, altering the surface properties can modify cellular responses such as cell adhesion, cell motility and bone deposition. Purpose. This study was to evaluate the cellular behaviors on the surface-modified titanium by morphological observation, cellular proliferation and differentiation. Material and methods. Specimens were divided into five groups, depending on their surface treatment: electropolishing(EP) anoclizing(AN), machining(MA), blasting with hydroxyapatite particle(RBM) and electrical discharge machining(EDM). Physicochemical properties and microstructures of the specimens were examined and the responses of osteoblast-like cells were investigated. The microtopography of specimens was observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Surface roughness was measured by a three-dimensional roughness measuring system. The microstructure was analyzed by X-ray diffractometer(XRD) and scanning auger electron microscopy(AES). To evaluate cellular responses to modified titanium surfaces, osteoblasts isolated from neonatal rat were cultured. The cellular morphology and total protein amounts of osteoblast-like cell were taken as the marker for cellular proliferation, while the expression of alkaline phosphatase was used as the early differentiation marker for osteoblast. In addition, the type I collagen production was determined to be a reliable indicator of bone matrix synthesis. Results. 1. Each prepared specimen showed specific microtopography at SEM examination. The RBM group had a rough and irregular pattern with reticulated appearance. The EDM-treated surface had evident cracks and was heterogeneous consisting of broad sheet or plate with smooth edges and clusters of small grains, deep pores or craters. 2. Surface roughness values were, from the lowest to the highest, electropolished group, anodized group, machined group, RBM group and EDM group. 3. All groups showed amorphous structures. Especially anodized group was found to have increased surface oxide thickness and EDM group had titaniumcarbide(TiC) structure. 4. Cells on electropolished, anodized and machined surfaces developed flattened cell shape and cells on RBM appeared spherical and EDM showed both. After 14 days, the cells cultured from all groups were formed to be confluent and exhibited multilayer proliferation, often overlapped or stratified. 5. Total protein amounts were formed to be quite similar among all the group at 48 hours. At 14 days, the electropolished group and the anodized group induced more total protein amount than the RBM group(P<.05). 6. There was no significant difference among five groups for alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity at 48 hours. The AN group showed significantly higher ALP activity than any other groups at 14 days(P<.05). 7. All the groups showed similar collagen synthesis except the EDM group. The amount of collagen on the electropolished and anodized surfaces were higher than that on the EDM surface(P<.05).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.839-844
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• 1996

This study was designed to investigated the effects of cadmium(Cd) feeding on the humoral immune responses such as PFC-responses and production of immunoglobulins in BALB/c mice. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Total PFCs of direct IgM antibody response were significantly decreased in all Cd-fed goups, whereas total PFCs of IgG antibody response were slightly increased. 2. In secondary immunization, total HA titers were increased in all Cd groups as compared with control, especially in 100ppmm group and also IgG titers were slightly increased except for 50ppm group. 3. The levels of $IgG_1$ were increased to 5.5% 18.7%, 17.4% and 7.2% in 25, 50, 100 and 200ppm groups as compared with control, respectively. And also the levels of IgE were increased to 5.7%, 7.3%, 8.7% and 0.4% in those of Cd groups, in order. Conclusively, concentrations of $IgG_1$, and IgE were increased in all Cd groups. Based on the results of this study and previous report, it was shown that Cd might affect humoral immune responses by modifying the distribution and function of cells playing in the cellular immune response.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.139-146
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• 1998

The actual clothing conditions of male collegian were surveyed to analyse clothing contents and the rate of wearing underwear. Then, clothing microclimate, physiological responses, and subjective sensations were investigated through wearing trials on human body in climatic chamber based on the results from the survey. The results were follows: 1. Male collegian wore T-shirts, jeans, and socks in summer, and total clothing weight per body surface area was $561g/m^2$. The number of clothes for upper body were 1 layer, but the number of clothes for lower body were 2 layers. Subjective sensations have no significant difference with wearing underwear. 2. Most physiological responses including temperature inside clothing, mean skin temperature, skin temperature of chest, abdomen, thigh, and lower leg, and sweat rate, were higher in with-underwear than in without-underwear. But pulse rates were not significantly different between with-and without-underwear.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.635-642
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• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the effects of isoflavone consumption on plasma and liver lipid profiles and immune responses in Sprague-Dawley male rats. Experimental animals fed isoflavone at various doses for 4 weeks (0, 1095, 2190, 4380 isoflavone mg/kg diet). Exposure to isoflavone decreased the food consumption and final body weights of rats without decreasing the relative weights of organs, hemoglobin and hematocrit. And the plasma cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, liver total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were significantly decreased by isoflavone intakes. The absolute and relative weights of thymus were significantly decreased in groups fed isoflavone than in control. Also splenocyte proliferations with Con A or PHA were decreased according to isoflavone consumption in rats, although there was not significant. These results demonstrate that isoflavone intakes significantly improve lipid profiles in plasma and liver. But the effects of isoflavone intakes on immune responses are needed further experiments.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.413-424
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• 2010

Mixture experiments involve combining ingredients or components of a mixture and the response is a function of the proportions of ingredients which is independent of the total amount of a mixture. The purpose of the mixture experiments is to find the optimum blending at which responses such as the flavor and acceptability are maximized. We assume the quadratic or special cubic canonical polynomial model over the experimental region for a mixture since the current mixture is assumed to be located in the neighborhood of the optimal mixture. The cost of the mixture is proportional to the cost of the ingredients of the mixture and is the linear function of the proportions of the ingredients. In this paper, we propose mixture response surface methods to develop a mixture such that the cost is down more than ten percent as well as mean responses are as good as those from the current mixture. The proposed methods are illustrated with the well known the flare experimental data described by McLean and Anderson(1966).

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.37-49
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to investigate the visual effects of clothing design. The specific objectives were: 1) to develop a clothing design evaluation instrument using semantic differential scales for the purpose of measuring visual responses with clothing design: 2) to identify the factor structure of the clothing design evaluation instrument: 3) to test the differences of perception to the clothing design depending on sex and knowledge about clothing design. The major findings were: 1. 37 pairs of descriptors of clothing form were found to include five factor dimensions (total variance:62.1%). Five major factors were found: attractiveness, practicability, elegance, comfort, hardness and softness. 2. for the visual evaluation of silhouettes, there were significant differences. H-line was explained by the simple image. A-line was explained by the comfortable image. V-line was explained by the mature and refined image. X-line was explained by the attractive and femine image and evaluated positively. 3. For the visual evaluation of observers, there were partly significant differences depending on sex and knowledge about clothing design in the observers' responses. But there were greater differences depending on sex than knowledge about clothing design in the observers' responses.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.185-206
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• 2015

This paper presents statistical models developed to study the influence of key mix design parameters on the properties of lightweight self-consolidating concrete (LWSCC) with expanded shale (ESH) aggregates. Twenty LWSCC mixtures are designed and tested, where responses (properties) are evaluated to analyze influence of mix design parameters and develop the models. Such responses included slump flow diameter, V-funnel flow time, J-ring flow diameter, J-ring height difference, L-box ratio, filling capacity, sieve segregation, unit weight and compressive strength. The developed models are valid for mixes with 0.30-0.40 water-to-binder ratio, high range water reducing admixture of 0.3-1.2 % (by total content of binder) and total binder content of $410-550kg/m^3$. The models are able to identify the influential mix design parameters and their interactions which can be useful to reduce the test protocol needed for proportioning of LWSCCs. Three industrial class ESH-LWSCC mixtures are developed using statistical models and their performance is validated through test results with good agreement. The developed ESH-LWSCC mixtures are able to satisfy the European EFNARC criteria for self-consolidating concrete.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.109-113
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• 1993

The effects of ginseng total saponins (GTS) on the action of U-50,488H, a $textsc{k}$-opioid receptor agonist, on the electrically induced twitch responses of mouse vats deferens were studied. U-50,488H ($10^9$~$10^{-5}$M) inhibited the twitch contractions in a dose-dependent manner, which were caused by adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) released from the stimulated sympathetic nerve, and this effect was antagonized by naloxone ($10^6$ M). GTS, which itself induced the inhibition of the twitch contractions, acted additively to U-50,488H, GTS and U-50,488H had no effect on the tension of the unstimulated organs. The contractions elicited by ATP were not affected by U-50,488H, but inhibited by GTS. These results suggest that U-50,488H suppressed the twitch contractions by the inhibition of neurotransmitter release from presynaptic nerve terminals via action on opioid receptor, but G75, by inhibiting the action of the neurotransmitter on the smooth muscle.