• Title/Summary/Keyword: total organic carbon

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Conversion Factor for Determinating Carbon Contents from Organic Matter Contents in Composts by Ignition Method (회화법으로 측정한 퇴비중 유기물 함량을 탄소 함량으로 변환하기 위한 환산계수 결정)

  • Nam, Jae-Jak;Cho, Nam-Jun;Jung, Kwang-Yong;Lee, Sang-Hak
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.380-383
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    • 1998
  • For the evaluation of the quality of compost, the determination of C/N ratio is mandatory in Korea. Accordingly it is necessary to measure the total carbon content of compost for the quality control of composts. It is, however, not easy to measure the carbon content of compost. For practical purposes total carbon content of compost can be estimated from the total organic matter content, which is estimated by way of ignition loss. For this, it is necessary to establish the factor for conversion of organic matter into carbon. We studied the relationship between the organic matter content determined by ignition method and total carbon content measured by elemental analyzer using 160 compost sample collected from the markets. The relationship between the carbon content and organic matter in those composts was found to be "y(% carbon)=1.995+0.484%(% organic matter)"($r^2=0.943$). This result suggests that total carbon contents of composts can be estimated from the organic matter content.

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Kinetics of $Fe^{2+}$ Oxidation by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Using Total Organic Carbon Measurement

  • Lom, In-Soo;Jang, Hyun-Young;Lee, Jong-Un
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.268-272
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    • 2002
  • Kinetic experiments on the biological oxidation of $Fe^{2+}$ by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans were conducted by measuring the total organic carbon content. The total organic carbon in the solution was determined with different initial concentrations of $Fe^{2+}$(4, 9, 15, and 20 mg/ml). The growth of At. ferrooxidans and substrate utilization were described by the Monod expression. The total organic carbon was found to be an indicator of the biomass concentration and thus may be effectively utilized for estimating cell growth rates in kinetic model development.

Changes of Chemical Compounds in Compost of Municipal Refuse;1. Changes of Carbon Compounds (폐기물의 퇴비화 과정중 물질 변화;1. 탄소화합물 변화)

  • Seo, Jeoung-Yoon
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.136-145
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    • 1988
  • To investigate the seasonal changes of various organic and inorganic compounds in compost, carbon compounds in compost were analyzed at various composting periods. Contents of organic matter, cellulose, total carbon, organic carbon and biodegradable carbon in compost were decreased with the progress of composting. In contrast, contents of lignin and nonbiodegradable carbon were increased a little with the progress of composting, but effective contents of lignin were decreased with the lapse of composting time, while effective contents of nonbiodegradable carbon were not changed. Total carbon contents in organic matter in compost were decreased within 9 weeks after composting, and then increased thereafter. Difference between average values of total and biodegradable carbon contents was 6.2%. Actual decay rates of all the carbon compounds were higher than decay rates of the compounds at all the experimental periods. Both of actual decay rate and decay rate of all the carbon compounds were increased rapidly within 2 weeks after composting, and thereafter the rates were increased slightly with the lapse of composting time. Especially the decay rates of cellulose were increased from 9 to 21 weeks after composting. Actual degradation capacity showed the same tendency to degradation capacity of all the carbon compounds in compost. Decay rate and degradation capacity of lignin in compost had minus values, while actual decay rate and actual degradation capacity had plus values. Highly positive correlations were observed among organic matter, cellulose, total carbon and biodegradable carbon one another. Nonbiodegradable carbon showed highly negative correlation with organic matter, cellulose, total carbon, organic carbon and biodegradable carbon, respectively. The same tendencies were observed between lignin and organic matter, cellulose, total carbon, organic carbon and biodegradable carbon. Highly positive correlation was observed between lignin and nonbiodegradable carbon in compost.

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Total Organic Carbon Analysis Chip Based on Photocatalytic Reaction (광촉매 반응을 이용한 총유기탄소 분석 칩)

  • Kim, Seung Deok;Jung, Dong Geon;Kwon, Soon Yeol;Choi, Young Chan;Lee, Jae Yong;Koo, Seong Mo;Kong, Seong Ho
    • Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.128-132
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    • 2020
  • Total organic carbon (TOC) analysis equipment, which was previously used to prevent eutrophication in advance, is heavy, bulky, and expensive; therefore, so it is difficult to be carried and has been used as an experimental unit. In this study, a through-carbon analysis chip that integrates pretreatment through photocatalytic oxidation and carbon dioxide measurement using a pH indicator was investigated. Both the total carbon - inorganic carbon method and the nonpurgeable organic carbon (NPOC) measurement method require an acidification part for injecting an acid solution for inorganic carbon measurement and removal, an oxidation part for total carbon or NPOC oxidation and a measurement part for Carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement. Among them, the measurement of oxidation and CO2 requires physical technology. The proposed TOC analysis chip decomposed into CO2 as a result of the oxidizing of organic carbon using a photocatalyst, and the pH indicator that was changed by the generated CO2 was optically measured. Although the area of the sample of the oxidation part and the pH indicator of the measurement part were distinguished in an enclosed space, CO2 was quantified by producing an oxidation part and a measurement part that shared the same air in one chip. The proposed TOC analysis chip is less expensive and smaller, cost and size are disadvantages of existing organic carbon analysis equipment, because it does not require a separate carrier gas to transport the CO2 gas in the oxidation part to the measurement part.

Relationship between Hydrologic Flux of Total Organic Carbon and Gross Primary Production (총 유기탄소의 수문학적 플럭스와 총 일차생산량 사이의 관계분석)

  • Park, Yoonkyung;Cho, Seonju;Choi, Daegyu;Kim, Sangdan
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.503-518
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    • 2012
  • Models estimating carbon budget at land surface are mainly interested in vertical flux of carbon. On the other hand, studies on horizontal flux are obviously lacked to confirm that relationship between the hydrological flux of organic carbon discharged from catchment and terrestrial carbon production, a relation between Total Organic Carbon(TOC) and Gross Primary Production(GPP) tried analysis through cross correlation. The best correlation structure is correlation between GPP and TOC of flow-weighted mean concentration from watershed without delay. Furthermore, cross correlation analysis was performed by consider periodicity. The correlation between TOC and GPP in summer was similar to correlation without periodicity. Therefore, correlation between GPP and TOC was most regulated by the correlation between GPP and TOC at summer. As a result, the vegetation carbon and organic carbon from watershed is recognized a close relationship on the seasonal. Therefore, future research is correlation analyzing between vegetation variables according season, GPP and TOC, we are expected to use quantitative understanding that horizontal flux flow of carbon from the surface.

A Study on the Amount of Carbon Emission of Organic Materials through Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) (전과정평과를 통한 유기농자재의 탄소배출량 산정연구 -유기질비료를 중심으로-)

  • Yoon, Sung-Yee;Kwon, Hyuk-Jun
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.23-38
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    • 2011
  • ● The current world is suffering abnormal climate caused by global warming. The main cause of global warming is greenhouse gas such as carbon dioxide. The carbon labeling system and carbon traceability system being pushed ahead in the agricultural sector is the policy for responding to climate change to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. To make this policy more effective and enhanced, the amount of carbon emissions should be calculated based on the kind of crops or the various businesses in the agricultural sector. Therefore, in order to estimate the accurate amount of carbon emissions, it is necessary to establish carbon dioxide emission intensity of various agricultural materials added onto the agriculture, and to calculate the amount of carbon dioxide emission for each crop according to agricultural production. The purpose of this study is to establish the amount of emission, emission per agricultural materials, of agricultural materials being added for crop production as a basic step, and emission intensity which can be used in the future market in order to estimate accurate amount of carbon emission in all the policies being promoted in the agricultural sector. Therefore, in this study, in order to build LCI D/B about organic fertilizers among many organic materials added onto the organic agriculture sector, one leading company in organic fertilizer production was selected and LCA was conducted for this leading company. We had to build the intensity and integrated average concept of intensity upon the two cases once production farmers for their own consumption and farms besides organic fertilizer company were categorized even if it's little amount. But in this study, individually produced organic fertilizers were excluded. Calculated results are following. Carbon emission of mixed expeller cake fertilizer in organic fertilizer was 1,106,966.89kg-$CO^2$ and emission intensity was 0.01606kg-$CO^2$, respectively. Total emission of mixed organic fertilizers was 241,523.2kg-$CO^2$ and emission intensity was 0.01705kg-$CO^2$. And total emission of organic compound fertilizers was 94,592.66kg-$CO^2$ and emission intensity was 0.01769kg-$CO^2$, respectively.

Soil Organic Carbon Determination for Calcareous Soils (석회암 유래 토양의 토양유기탄소 분석법 연구)

  • Jung, Won-Kyo;Kim, Yoo-Hak
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.39 no.6
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    • pp.396-402
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    • 2006
  • Soil organic carbon has long been considered as the most critical factor to evaluate the soil quality, fertility, and fertilizer prescription. In addition, soil organic carbon may impact on greenhouse gas effects and global warming. Because of that, the management of soil organic carbon is increasingly important not only for improving soil quality but also for managing soil as a greenhouse gas source. Both wet and dry combustion have been used to determine soil organic carbon. Many benefits, such as automation and less labor, could the dry combustion method become more popular. Inorganic form of carbon could overestimate soil organic carbon when the dry combustion method was applied. Determination of soil inorganic carbon may contribute to the improved accuracy of soil organic carbon analysis using dry combustion method. Objectives of this research were 1) to develop soil inorganic carbon determination method using modified digital pressure calcimeter and 2) to evaluate soil organic carbon from calcareous soils using the dry and wet combustion method. Results showed that the significant linear relationship was found between soil inorganic carbon content and pressure calcimeter output. Inorganic carbon ranged from 22% to 28% of total carbon in the calcareous soil samples. Soil organic carbon content by dry combustion for calcareous soil was determined by subtracting inorganic carbon measured by the digital pressure calcimeter from total carbon. Soil organic carbon determined by dry combustion method was significantly correlated with that by wet combustion method. In conclusion, the digital pressure calcimeter may use to improve soil organic carbon determination for the calcareous soils by subtracting of soil inorganic carbon from total carbon determined by dry combustion method.

Contribution of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton to Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in the Reservoir-river-Seonakdong River, Busan (서낙동강에서 동·식물플랑크톤의 총유기탄소 기여율 변동 분석)

  • Lee, You-Jung
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.29 no.7
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    • pp.691-702
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    • 2020
  • Carbon biomass of plankton community, Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Chlorophyll a (chl.a) concentration were examined in the SeoNakdong river from January to December in 2014, to assess composition of phyto- and zoo-plankton variation, to certify the correlation between chl.a and TOC and to determine the level of contribution of plankton carbon content to TOC in the reservoir-river ecosystem. The correlation level between TOC and chl.a was low in the year 2014 but exceptionally was highly correlated only during the period with cyanobacterial bloom. The high level of contribution of plankton carbon content to TOC was attributed to cyanobacterial carbon biomass from May to November and to Cladocera carbon biomass from March to May, November and December despite of its low abundance. These results suggest that there were inter-relationships between phytoplankton, zooplankton and TOC and also subtle consistency of their properties through the year. These patterns should be discussed in relation to the physiochemical and biological characteristics of the environment, as well as to allochthonous organic matters from non-point pollution sources.

The Partitioning of Organic Carbon Cycle in Coastal Sediments of Kwangyang Bay

  • Han, Myung-Woo;Lee, In-Ho;Kim, Kee-Hyun;Noh, Il
    • Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.103-111
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    • 1997
  • Biogeochemical cycling of organic carbon is quantitatively partitioned in terms of 1) flux to the ocean bottom, 2) benthic utilization at or near the sediment-water interface, 3) remineralization and 4) burial within sediments, by making an independent determination for each component process from a single coastal site in Kwangyang Bay. The partitioning suggests that the benthic utilization at or near the sediment-water interface is the major mode of organic carbon cycling at the site. The benthic utilization takes 61.8% (441.6 gCm$^{-2}$ yr $^{-1}$) of the total near-bottem organic carbon flux, 714.6 gCm $^{-2}$yr$^{-1}$, and far exceeds the remineralization of organic carbon within the sediments which amounts only to 6% (41.24 gCm$^{-2}$yr$^{-1}$) of the total near-bottom flux. The residence time is about 1.6 years for the sedimentary metabolic organic carbon in the upper 45 cm. The dominant partitioning of the benthic utilization in the carbon budget suggests that most of labile organic carbons are consumed at or near the sediment-water interface and are left over to the sediment column by significantly diminished amounts.

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The Characteristics of suspended particulate matter and surface sediment of C, N in the Northern East China Sea ill summer (제주도 서남방 동중국해에서 하계 입자성부유물 및 표층퇴적물의 C, N 분포 특성)

  • KANG Mun Gyu;CHOI Young Chan
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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    • v.6 no.4
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    • pp.13-23
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    • 2003
  • Organic carbon and nitrogen contents in suspended particulate matter (SPM) and surface sediments in seawater were measured in the Northern East China Sea in summer. The distribution of particulate organic carbon(POC) and particulate organic nitrogen(PON) were in the ranges of 54~481㎍/ℓ and 6~85㎍/ℓ, respectively, with relatively high level of concentrations in the western and southern sides of the study area. Also, there has been a significantly positive correlation between POC and PON, gradually increasing toward the deeper range of depth. Average C:N ratios of POC and PON of SPM were 6 in study area. The ratios of POC to PON of SPM increased as the range of depth increased, indicating nitrogen decomposes more rapidly than carbon and is considered to be influenced by the input of detritus from surface sediments. The distribution of total organic matter(TOM), total organic carbon(TOC) and total organic nitrogen(TON) in surface sediments were in the ranges of 3.1~9.6%, 0.282~0.635% and 0.022~0.069%, respectively, with relatively low range in the western and northern sides of the study area. The ratio of TOC to TON of surface sediments were in the range of 9.8~17.4(average of 13), strongly indicating the active role of the input from the terrestrial organic pollutants.

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