• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.65-69
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• 2004

A study was carried out to determine the effect of a very low-carbohydrate diet on weight gain, body composition, and serum levels of cholesterol, triacylglycerol, glucose, ketone bodies and insulin. Twenty rats (mean initial weight, 212 g) were divided into two groups and each group was assigned a conventional high-carbohydrate diet (control) or a very low-carbohydrate diet containing 59.8% ground pork rind snack and fed the diet for four weeks. Average daily body weight gain was not different between the two groups during the first two weeks, but was significantly lower in rats fed the very low-carbohydrate diet than in those in the control group during third (p<0.05) and fourth weeks (p<0.01). Feedintake as well as energy intake was lower in rats fed the very low-carbohydrate diet than in those in the control group. The very low-carbohydrate diet reduced (p<0.01) serum triacylglycerol (34$\pm$83 vs 82$\pm$8 mg/l00 mL) and insulin (3.90$\pm$0.53 vs 7.60$\pm$0.61 $\mu$IU/mL) levels, while increasing (p<0.01) ketone body level (368$\pm$25 vs 236$\pm$24 $\mu$mol/L), compared with the control. Serum glucose and total cholesterol levels were not different (p>0.05) between the two dietary treatments. Proximate analysis of carcasses showed that the very low-carbohydrate diet decreased (p<0.01) body fat (26.1$\pm$1.04 vs 30.5$\pm$0.86%), while increasing (p<0.01) body protein (63.1$\pm$0.94 vs 59.4$\pm$0.70%) contents. Results indicate that short-term feeding of a very low-carbohydrate diet is beneficial for alleviating risk factors known to involve cardiovascular diseases or artherosclerosis. However, more studies with model animals as well as humans are recommended to examine the long-term health benefits of low-carbohydrate diets.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.307-317
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• 1997

To determine the effects of endogenous and exogenous strogen on serum lipid levels, twenty nonsmoking healthy Korean women were participated in this experiment for 12 weeks. They were assigned to three groups : (1) eight women aged 22 to 30(yr) for the premenopausal(Pre) group, (2) eight, aged 49 to 60(yr) for the postmenoparusal(Pst) group, (3) four, aged 23 to 30(yr) for the oral contraceptive(OC) group which used triphasic OC formulation. Fasting blood samples representing every phase of the hormonal levels were obtained from the subjects of the Pre and the OC group. From the subjects of the Pst group, fasting blood samples were obtained once per three weeks for 12 weeks. All the serum data were adjusted for dietary effects, exercise, personality type and body mass index(BMI) by using analysis of covariation(ANCOVA). Serum lipid levels of the three groups were significantly different. While serum levels of triglycerides(TG)(p<0.0001), low density lipoprotein-chloesterol(LDL-C)/high density liporotein-cholesterol(HDL-C) ratio (LDC-C/HDL-C)(P<0.01) and total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C ratio (TC/HDL-C)(P<0.001) were significatnly high in the Pst group, serum HDL-C(P0.001) level was significantly high in the Pre group. The OC group showed significantly low serum TC(P<0.0001) and LDL-C(P<0.0001) levels. There was no signidicant difference in the fluictuation of serum lipid levels during the menstrual cycle of the Pre group. However, in the OC group, serum TG level was significantly increased at phase 2(P<0.05) where exogenous estrogen administration was highest. Even though other serum lipid levels of the OC group were not significantly fluctuated according to the exogenous estrogen administration, there was a trend of increased levels of serum TC, LDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C and decreased level of HDL-C during the menstruation period. Also, serum TC level was high(P<0.005) and serum TG level was low (P<0.005) at the baseline of the OC group compared with the periods of OC administration. When screening and counseling the female population at risk for coronary heart disease(CHD), the result of this study suggest that in may be desirable to divide the population into several groups according to their personal physiological characteristics, such as age, OC administration, menstrual cycle and menopause, as well as general risk factors for CHD.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.253-257
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• 2013

This study examined the mechanism of action of a local anesthetic, lidocaine HCl. Energy transfer between the surface fluorescent probe, 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid, and the hydrophobic fluorescent probe, 1,3-di(1-pyrenyl) propane, was used to determine the effect of lidocaine HCl on the thickness (D) of the synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles (SPMV) isolated from the bovine cerebral cortex, and liposomes of the total lipids (SPMVTL) and phospholipids (SPMVPL) extracted from the SPMV. The thickness (D) of the intact SPMV, SPMVTL and SPMVPL were $1.044{\pm}0.008$, $0.914{\pm}0.005$ and $0.890{\pm}0.003$ (arbitrary units, n=5) at $37^{\circ}C$ (pH 7.4), respectively. Lidocaine HCl decreased the thickness of the neuronal and model membrane lipid bilayers in a dose-dependent manner with a significant decrease in the thickness, even at 0.1 mM. The decreasing effect of lidocaine HCl on the membrane thickness might be responsible for some, but not all of its anesthetic action.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.683-694
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of low intensity combined kinesitherapy on type 2 diabetes mellitus and to compare the effects of exercise and methodology aspects, the difference in the post - test scores between fasting glucose and blood lipids in the control group (exercise group) and the control group (exercise group) that prescribed the dance - exercise and low intensity combined exercise for the elderly diabetic patients for 12 weeks sample t-test. the main results of the study are summarized as follows. first, fasting blood sugar showed difference in pre - post - difference of group compared to control group. second, the total cholesterol was found to have a statistically significant difference in the experimental group from pre - post - difference. third, the neutral region showed no statistically significant differences in both experimental and comparator groupsfrom pre - post - difference. fourth, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels showed no statistically significant difference in both experimental and comparator groups from pre - post - difference. fifth, low density lipoprotein cholesterol showed statistically significant difference in the experimental group from pre - post - difference group. in conclusion, this study is significant in that the combined effects of dance - motion activities and low intensity combined exercise for elderly with type 2 diabetes were quantitatively proved by using physiological index who had not been treated previously.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1997

We determined the microviscosity of synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles (SPMV) isolated from bovine cerebral cortex and liposomes of total lipids (SPMTL) and phospholipids (SPMPL) extracted from SPMV. Changes in the microviscosity induced by the range and rate of lateral diffusion were measured by the intramolecular excimerization of 1, 3-di(1-pyrenyl)propane (Py-3-Py). The microviscosity values of the direct probe environment in SPMV, SPMTL and SPMPL were 38.17, 31.11 and 27.64 cP, respectively, at$37^{\circ}C$and the activation energies $(E_a)$ of the excimer formation of Py-3-Py in SPMV, SPMTL and SPMPL were 8.236, 7.448 amd 7.025 kcal/mol, respectively. Probe location was measured by polarity and polarizability parameters of the probe Py-3-Py and probe analogues, pyrene, 1-pyrenenonanol and 1-pyrenemethyl-3${\beta}$-hydroxy-22, 23-bisnor-5-cholenate (PMC), incorporated into membranes or solubilized in reference solvents. There existed a good linear relationship between the first absorption peak of the $^1_a$ band and the polarizability parameter $(n^{2}-1)/(2n^{2}+1)$.The calculated refractive index values for SPMV, SPMTL and SPMPL were close to 1.50, which is higher than that of liquid paraffin (n=l.475). The probe location was also determined by using a polarity parameter $(f-1/2f^{I})$. Here f=$({\varepsilon}-1)/(2{\varepsilon}+1)$ is the dielectric constant function and $f^I=(n^2-1)/(2n^2+1)$ is the refractive index function. A correlation existed between the monomer fluorescence intensity ratio and the solvent polarity parameter. The probes incorporated in SPMV, SPMTL, and SPMPL report a polarity value close to that of 1-hexanol $({\varepsilon}=13.29)$. In conclusion, Py-3-Py is located completely inside the membrane, not in the very hydrophobic core, but displaced toward the polar head groups of phospholipid molecules, e.g., central methylene region of aliphatic chains of phospholipid molecules.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 2004

Weanling male rats of Wistar strain were fed relatively high-calories-diet containing 1% (K$_1$ group), 5% (K$_{5}$ group) and 10% Chinese cabbage kimchi juice (K$_{10}$ group) for 4 weeks to study their effects on body weight gain rate, serum lipids levels and other blood biochemical parameters. In this study it was found out that significant decrease in body weight gain rate, diet efficiency ratio, serum triglyceride level, serum total cholesterol level, blood glucose level and LDL-cholesterol level was observed in $K_{10}$ group as compared to control group fed only high-calories-diet. Significant increase in HDL-cholesterol level, GPT activity, GOT activity and creatinine level was found in $K_{10}$ group as compared to control group. But creatinine level, GPT and GOT activity of $K_{10}$ group were within the normal ranges. The results suggest that long term intake of traditional Chinese cabbage kimchi in large dose have the lowering effect on blood lipid and blood glucose level. There is no possibility of adverse actions on renal and hepatic functions by ordinary intake of Chinese cabbage kimchi in spite of being rich in salt and hot spices such as garlic, onion, ginger and red pepper.r.r.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 1993

This study was performed to investigate the effects of dietary calcium on blood and tissue lipids of adult rats fed a high fat diet with or without supplemental cholesterol for 4 weeks. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed the experimental diets containing 18%(w/w) beef tallow and three levels of calcium 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.5%. The contents of total lipid, cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid in blood, liver, small intestine, aorta, small intestinal contents and feces were determined. Only in rats fed the diets containing 1% cholesterol the concentration of cholesterol in aortic serum and various tissues significantly increased, and then decreased with increasing dietary calcium intake. Another observation was that high Ca intake significantly facilitated the fecal lipid and cholesterol excretion and bowel movement. These results suggest that possible hypocholesterolemic effects of dietary calcium could be related to the hypercholesterolemia and to the increase in excretion of fecal lipid and cholesterol.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.177-183
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• 1988

The Present study has been carried out to investigate the effect of refrigerated seawater (RSW) at $-1^{\circ}C$ in order to delay spoilage and extend the shelf-life in Sardine(Sardinops melanosticta). The result obtained are summarized as follows : In case of freshness, K-value was shown above $30\%$ at 1 day of storage by icing, but in RSW system was shown $20\%$ until 2 days by storage. VBN and TMA were also shown the similar tendency when compared to K-value. The lipids extracted from sardine muscle held in ice was oxidized much more than those in RSW system by way of chemical test such as TBA and POV. The myofibrillar protein extracted from sardine stored in RSW system was denaturized more slowly compared with those by ice. $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$ activity indicated that myofibrillar protein held in RSW system was more stable than those held in ice. Total viable counts for sardine in RSW system showed an overall lower values. By TPA(Textural Porfile Analysis) , sardine meat pastes held in RSW system have a higher value than those held in ice.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.243-256
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• 2012

Objectives : This clinical study was done to examine metabolic syndrome (MS) and plasma homocysteine (HCY) level in patients with silent lacunar infarction (SLI) and in normal controls. Methods : A total of 154 patients, who were over 20 years of age and visited the stroke prevention check-up center of a university hospital from December 2006 to December 2010, were examined by brain CT or brain MRI, and classified into two groups. We compared the components of MS and HCY levels between patients with SLI (n=74) and normal controls (n=80). Modified ATP III definition was used for diagnosis of MS while Korean standard for waist circumference was used. Results : Prevalence of MS was significantly higher in the SLI group than the normal group. HCY was also significantly higher in the SLI group than the noraml, and the odds ratio (OR) for SLI, comparing high HCY level (${\geq}10{\mu}mol/L$) with low HCY level ($<10{\mu}mol/L$), was 3.64 (95% confidence interval (CI); 1.81-7.29, p<.0001). However, there was no correlation between MS and HCY in the SLI group. Prevalence of diabetes and hypertension (HT) was higher in the SLI group than the normal group, but there was no significant difference in blood lipids level between the SLI and normal groups. Of note, HT itself was enough to be an independent risk factor for SLI (OR; 4.58, 95% CI; 1.91-11.01, p=0.001). Body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio and visceral fat area were significantly higher in the SLI than normal group, and visceral fat area was enough to be an independent risk factor for SLI (OR; 2.41, 95% CI; 1.04-5.59, p=0.040). Conclusions : SLI is shown to have significant correlation with HCY and prevalence of MS, however there is no relationship between HCY and prevalence of MS in patients with SLI.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.542-549
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• 2020

A previous study reported that Ulmus macrocarpa Hance water extract (UME) can improve hyperlipid metabolism and the involvement of suppressed lipid synthesis through adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway regulation was suggested. Further exploration of the lipid metabolism between liver and peripheral tissue was necessary to confirm that work, and so this study aimed to extend the possibility that UME can regulate serum lipids. After a 6-week in vivo trial of oral administration of UME to rats with induced hyperlipidemia, serum levels of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were seen to decrease while HDL cholesterol increased. The UME administrations also decreased the TC and TG levels from the control in liver analysis. However, the suggestion that UME regulates the AMPK pathway to improve hyperlipid states through the suppression of hepatic lipogenesis seems to be only one part of the extract's effect. Indeed, serum concentrations of apolipoproteins A and B were returned to baseline levels of the control group in response to UME administration whilst the liver lipid content was much reduced; this cannot occur through the suggested suppression of hepatic lipogenesis alone. Therefore, a possible mechanism of UME could be that it improves blood circulation by modulating serum lipid levels through both the prior stimulation of lipid oxidation and the suppression of hepatic lipogenesis.