• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.117-121
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• 1996

한국 전통민속주의 한 종류인 한산 소곡주는 여름철에는 저장 도중 급속히 시어져 상품으로서의 가치를 잃게 된다. 본 연구에서는 이 시어짐의 원인을 규명하기 위하여 소곡주 제품에 잔존하고 있는 미생물의 분리 및 동정, 정상 소곡주와 시어진 소곡주에서의 미생물 균총의 차이, pH변화, 유기산 함량 등을 조사하였다. 정상 소곡주에 존재하는 유기산의 대부분은 lactic acid였고, 그 농도는 161 mM 였으며 그 외에도 소량의 acetic acid, malic acid, propionic acid가 존재하였다. 소곡주에 존재하는 미생물 균총은 Lactobacillus속 균, Bacillus속 균, 그리고 yeast로 동정되었다. $30^{\circ}C$에 18일 동안 방치한 소곡주는 pH가 4.01에서 3.29로 떨어졌고 산함량은 9에서 34.86으로 증가했다. 정상 소곡주와 비교한 경우 시어진 소곡주에 현저하게 증가한 양이 존재하는 유기산은 lactic acid로서 그 농도는 192 mM이었으며, 그외의 다른 유기산의 농도는 거의 변화가 없었다. 따라서 소곡주 시어짐의 원인은 소곡주 내에 잔존하는 Lactobacillus속 세균에 의한 추가적인 젖산의 생성때문인 것으로 추정되었다. 소곡주의 품질은 $15^{\circ}C$에서 41일 동안 유지되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.965-970
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• 2016

This study was conducted to determine the effects of freezing and supplementation of molasses (M), lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and LAB+enzyme mixture on chemical and nutritional composition of sunflower silage (SF). Sunflower crops were harvested (at about $29.2%{\pm}1.2%$ dry matter) and half of fresh sunflower was ensiled alone and half was frozen (F) at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. Silage additives were admixed into frozen SF material. All samples were ensiled in glass jars with six replicates for 90 days. The treatments were as follows: i) positive control (non-frozen and no additives, NF), ii) negative control (frozen, no additives, F), iii) F+5% molasses (FM), iv) F+LAB (1.5 g/tons, Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium, FLAB); v) F+LAB+enzyme (2 g/tons Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium and cellulase and amylase enzymes, FLEN). Freezing silage increased dry matter, crude ash, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent lignin. The organic matter, total digestible nutrient, non-fiber carbohydrate, metabolizable energy and in vitro dry matter digestibility were negatively influenced by freezing treatments (p<0.05). In conclusion, freezing sunflower plants prior to ensiling may negatively affect silage quality, while molasses supplementation improved some quality traits of frozen silage. Lactic acid bacteria and LAB+enzyme inoculations did not effectively compensate the negative impacts of freezing on sunflower silage.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.69-76
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• 1992

Sogokju, an old Korean rice wine, was brewed in laboratory scale in February, 1978, and the changes in chemical component and microorganisms in wine mash were investigated during brewing. In the course of first-mash brewing, lactic acid bacteria became the most predominant microflora in 3 days of fermentation lowering the pH of mash to 4.2. But at 7 days, the most predominant microorganism was changed from lactic acid bacteria to least, pH reached 3.6, and the saccharogenic activity of mash was reduced from initial 10 to 3.6. During second-mash brewing, remarkable changes did not occurred in pH and acidity, maintaining 3.5∼3.7 of pH and 8.0∼8.8 of acidity. Ethanol fermentation was proceeded vigorously until 20 days of fermentation, but it reached stationary state with 18.5% ethanol after 40 days, leaving reducing sugar unfermented in mash. Even if saccharogenic activity continued all during fermentation, it was thought to be too weak. The final product of Sogokju filterate, fermented for 60 day, contained 18.8% ethanol, 5.0% reducing sugar,0.4:1 total acid, 0.057% volatile acid, 0.206% amino acid and 7.3% extract. In sensory test, Sogokju scored good marks with similar level to commercial Bupju or Chungju. It had pale yellow color, gentle Nuluk-flavor and acid taste just a little strong.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1110-1115
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• 2005

To study the effect of feeding lactic acid producing bacteria on the performance of cattle calves, twenty four, day old male crossbred cattle calves (Bos indicus${\times}$Bos taurus), were distributed into two groups of 12 animals each. The animals were fed on calf starter containing wheat bran and green berseem ad libitum and milk as per requirement upto 8 weeks of age. The diet of calves of Group 2 was supplemented with 500 ml culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus-15. Total duration of the experiment was 31 weeks. There was no significant difference in intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and crude protein (CP) between the groups. The rumen pH, protozoa numbers, concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3-N$), trichloroacetic acid precipitable nitrogen (TCA-ppt N) and activity of microbial enzymes (carboxymethylcellulase, xylanase, amylase and protease) were not affected due to probiotic supplementation. Average live weight gain of the calves was improved (about 10%) and feed:gain ratio was reduced (about 5%) in the animals given Lactobacillus culture. The data indicated that crossbred calves could be reared on a diet devoid of cereal grain and addition of Lactobacillus culture in the diet resulted in an added advantage in growth performance of the animals.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.109-119
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• 1989

김장김치 제조방법에 따라 김치를 담금 후 $10^{\circ}C$에서 저장하였다. 김치의 방사선 살균을 위한 최적 숙성기는 적정 산도가 0.3% 내외 일 때 였고, 포장은 PE/Nylon 접합봉지 사용구 보다 PVC원통형 용기에 상부를 유리판으로 눌러놓은 상태의 것이 품질 면에서 우수하였다. 미생물 생육시험에서 전 젖산균은 방사선조사 직후 비조사구는 $10^8\;cells/ml$이었으나 1-3 kGy조사로서 2-4 log cycles감소되었고 전 저장기간을 통해 생육이 억제되었다. 효모 및 곰팡이도 2-3 kGy 조사구는 저장 30일 후에도 저장 초보다 낮았다. 이화학적 특성 시험에서 특히 산도는 비조사구가 저장 15일 에 0.7-0.8% 정도였으나, 2-3kGy 조사구는 저장 30일에도 0.5-0.6%로 낮았다. 김치조직 변화도 저장기간의 경과와 함께 2kGy 조사구가 가장 우수하였다. 관능검사에 의한 종합적 품질평가에서는 비조사구는 저장 15일 이후부터 식용 부적합 하였으나, 2-3 kGy 조사구는 저장 30일 이후에도 양호한 품질을 보여 비조사구에 비해 2배 이상의 저장성을 연장할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.511-519
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• 2004

The optional ingredient, Maesil juice, was adopted to improve the quality of Yulmoo Mul-Kimchi during fermentation. The final weight of the Maesil juice as a percentage of the water content in the Yulmoo Mul-Kimchi was adjusted to 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7%. The physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics were determined during fermentation at 10$^{\circ}C$ over a 30 days period. After fermentation, the additions of 3 and 5% Maesil juice gave the highest pH values and lowest total acidities. With regard to the reducing sugars, the 3 and 5% treatments gave the highest contents. The number of the total cell count and lactic acid bacteria increased to their maxima during fermentation, but began to decrease during the latter stages. Here, the additions of 3 and 5% Maesil juice showed distinctive lower and higher numbers of total cells and lactic acid bacteria, respectively, during the latter stages of fermentation. With regard to the sensory evaluation on the addition of Maesil juice, the results obtained with 3 and 5% additions to the fermented Yulmoo Mul-Kimchi were favored for color, smell, sour and carbonated tastes and overall acceptability of the products. Therefore, the optimum levels of Maesil juice addition to Yulmoo Mul-Kimchi were estimated to be between 3 and 5%.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.361-368
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• 2012

The present study was conducted to develop persimmon peel, a by-product of dried persimmon manufacturing, as a feed additive via lactic acid bacteria fermentation. Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and three strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides were used as a starter culture in the solid state fermentation of persimmon peel, and antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content were assessed. Leuconostoc mesenteroides KCTC 3100 showed high antioxidant activity (p<0.05), whereas Pediococcus pentosaceus showed high total polyphenol content (p<0.05). These two strains were thus selected as starter culture strains. Glucose, sucrose and molasses were used as variables for optimization and a total 15 experimental runs were produced according to Box-Behnken design. Regarding significant effects of variables, molasses showed linear and square effects on antioxidant activity of persimmon peel fermentation (p<0.05). In conclusion, optimum concentrations of glucose, sucrose, and molasses were determined to be 4.2, 3.9 and 5.3 g/L, respectively, using a response surface model. Antioxidant activity was also improved 2.5 fold after optimization.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.159-165
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• 2015

본 연구는 충남 천안 국립축산과학원 식용벼 재배지에서 2012년부터 2013년까지 정상적으로 벼 재배가 이루어지고 수확이 완료된 볏짚을 이용하여 수행하였다. 젖산균 접종 유무에 따라 볏짚사일리지의 사료가치 변화는 나타나지 않았으나 클로렐라 처리구는 대조구에 비해 현저하게 조단백질 함량이 증가하였다(p<0.05). 그리고 클로렐라 농도의 증가에 따라 조단백질 함량이 증가하는 경향을 보였다 (p<0.05). 모든 처리구에서 섬유소와 TDN 함량 및 in vitro 소화율은 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 그리고 젖산균 접종 유무에 따라 볏짚사일리지의 pH 및 유기산 함량 변화는 나타나지 않았으며 클로렐라 처리구도 무처리구에 비해 pH 변화는 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 클로렐라 처리구에서 젖산함량은 무처리구에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였으며 클로렐라 농도의 증가에 따라 젖산함량이 증가하는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 젖산균 단독접종구의 젖산균 수는 무처리구에 비해 현저하게 증가하였으며(p<0.05), 클로렐라 농도의 증가에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 그러나 효모와 곰팡이 수는 비슷한 수준을 나타냈다. 그러므로 볏짚사일리지의 사료가치와 품질은 클로렐라 첨가에 의해서 향상될 수 있다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.179-190
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the effects of dried powders of pine needle, pine pollen, green tea and horseradish on preservation of Kimchi-yangnyum. The physicochemical and microbial changes of Kimchi-yangnyum were investigated during 30-days preservation. The changes of pH, total acid, and number of total viable cell, lactic acid bacteria, E. coli of the Kimchi-yangnyum were insignificant. And the addition of pine needle powder were more effective to suppress fermentation than that of pine pollen or green tea or horseradish.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.1112-1121
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• 2018

Jeotgal is a Korean traditional fermented seafood with a high concentration of salt. In this study, we isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from galchi (Trichiurus lepturus, hairtail) and myeolchi (Engraulis japonicas, anchovy) jeotgal on MRS agar and MRS agar containing 5% NaCl (MRS agar+5% NaCl), and identified them by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) as culture-dependent methods. We also performed polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) as a culture-independent method to identify bacterial communities. Five samples of galchi-jeotgal and seven samples of myeolchi-jeotgal were collected from different regions in Korea. A total of 327 and 395 colonies were isolated from the galchi- and myeolchi-jeotgal samples, respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS revealed that the genus Pediococcus was predominant on MRS agar, and Tetragenococcus halophilus on MRS agar+5% NaCl. PCR-DGGE revealed that T. halophilus, Tetragenococcus muriaticus, and Lactobacillus sakei were predominant in both types of jeotgal. T. halophilus was detected in all samples. Even though the same species were identified by both culture-dependent and -independent methods, many species identified by the culture-dependent methods were not in the bacterial list identified by the culture-independent methods. The distribution of bacteria in galchi-jeotgal was more diverse than in myeolchi-jeotgal. The diverse LAB in galchi- and myeolchi-jeotgals can be further studied as candidates for starter cultures to produce fermented foods.