• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.137-144
• /
• 2016

Objectives: Several studies have revealed that systemic hypertension is strongly associated with cataractogenesis. However, the pathophysiology and treatment is often unclear. In this study, we evaluated the anti-cataractogenic effect of cinnamaldehyde (CA), a natural organic compound, in rats with fructose-induced hypertension. Methods: The rats were divided into six groups. For six weeks, the normal group received a suspension of 0.5% carboxy methyl cellulose (10 mL/kg/day, p.o.) while five other groups received a 10% (w/v) fructose solution in their drinking water to induce hypertension. By the end of the third week hypertension had been induced in all the animals receiving fructose. From the beginning of the fourth week to the end of the sixth week, one of those five groups (control) continued to receive only 10% (w/v) fructose solution, one group (standard) received ramipril (1 mg/kg/day, p.o.) plus 10% (w/v) fructose solution, and three groups (experimental) received CA at doses of 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg/day p.o., plus 10% (w/v) fructose solution. Blood pressure was measured weekly using a non-invasive blood pressure apparatus. After six weeks, the animals were sacrificed, and the anti-cataractogenic effects on the eye lenses were evaluated. Results: Administration of fructose elevated both the systolic and the diastolic blood pressures, which were significantly reduced by CA at all dose levels. In the control group, a significant increase in the malonaldehyde (MDA) level and decreases in the total protein, $Ca^{2+}$adenosine triphosphate (ATP)ase activity, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels, as compared to the normal group, were observed. Administration of CA at all doses significantly restored the enzymatic, non-enzymatic, antioxidants, total protein, and $Ca^{2+}$ATPase levels, but decreased the MDA level, as compared to the control group. Conclusion: The present study revealed that CA modulated the antioxidant parameters of the serum and lens homogenates in hypertension-induced cataractogenic animals.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.365-372
• /
• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Owing to health concerns related to the consumption of traditional snacks high in sugars and fats, much effort has been made to develop functional snacks with low calorie content. In this study, a new recipe for Korean rice cookie, dasik, was developed and its antioxidative, lipid-lowering, and anti-inflammatory effects and related mechanisms were elucidated. The effects were compared with those of traditional rice cake dasik (RCD), the lipid-lowering effect of which is greater than that of traditional western-style cookies. MATERIALS/METHODS: Ginseng-added brown rice dasik (GBRD) was prepared with brown rice flour, fructooligosaccharide, red ginseng extract, and propolis. Mice were grouped (n = 7 per group) into those fed a normal AIN-76 diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD supplemented with RCD or GBRD. Dasik in the HFD accounted for 7% of the total calories. The lipid, reactive oxygen species, and peroxynitrite levels, and degree of lipid peroxidation in the plasma or liver were determined. The expression levels of proteins involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation, and those of antioxidant enzymes were determined by western blot analysis. RESULTS: The plasma and hepatic total cholesterol concentrations in the GBRD group were significantly decreased via downregulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (P < 0.05). The hepatic peroxynitrite level was significantly lower, whereas glutathione was higher, in the GBRD group than in the RCD group. Among the antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly upregulated in the GBRD group (P < 0.05). In addition, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-${\kappa}B$) expression in the GBRD group was significantly lower than that in the RCD group. CONCLUSIONS: GBRD decreases the plasma and hepatic cholesterol levels by downregulating cholesterol synthesis. This new dasik recipe also improves the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory status in HFD-fed mice via CAT and GPx upregulation and NF-${\kappa}B$ downregulation. These effects were significantly higher than those of RCD.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.242-256
• /
• 2007

1. Objectives Purpose of this study is to prove anti-aging and anti-oxidative effects of Gongjinhugwon-dan decoction. 2. Methods The SD rats used in this experiment were 6, 18, and 36 weeks old. Each age group was again divided into three groups. These nine groups consisted of 8 rats each. One group was given no treatment, another group was dosed $200{\mu}l$ of normal saline daily, and the last group was dosed $200{\mu}l$ of 1 % Gongjinhugwon-dan and saline mixture. At the conclusion of the experiment, the age groups were relabelled accordingly (10 weeks, 22 weeks, and 40 weeks). After 4 weeks, change of weight and liver markers were measured. Serum LDL cholesterol, total bilirubin, albumin, glucose, GOT and GPT levels were observed in order to check the hematological modification. Also, each organ tissue was biopsied in order to measure the SOD activity and the glutathione content change. 3. Results & Conclusions Aging did not cause any significant change in GOT and LDH, but GPT and albumin levels showed increase after GHD intake. Serum GPT was lower in the experimental group. Serum total bilirubin of the 40 w GHD group was significantly increased. The populations of dendritic cells in the spleens of the GHD groups were significantly increased. The levels of GSH in the liver of the 40 w GHD group and in the kidney of 22w-GSD were significantly increased in comparison with those of the normal groups. The degenerative change of brain tissue was decreased in the 40 w GHD group compared with those of the 40w normal group and the 40 w saline group. These results suggest that anti-oxidative GSH concentration of liver and kidney in rats treated with GHD showed significant increase in the 40 w GHD group. GHD was effective on increasing anti-oxidative substance in liver and dendritic cells in spleen, thus helping immune system and preventing cell mutation and degenerative change of brain tissues. Further studies and clinical investigation with GHD is needed.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.6.1-6.8
• /
• 2017

The objective of this research was to study the effect of astaxanthin (AST) on growth performance and antioxidant capacity in golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) both in vivo and in vitro. In the in vivo study, two diets were formulated with or without astaxanthin supplementation (D1 and D2; 0 and 200 mg/kg) to feed fish for 6 weeks. In the in vitro study, cells from hepatopancreas of golden pompano were isolated and four treatments with or without astaxanthin and $H_2O_2$ supplementation were applied (control group: without both astaxanthin and $H_2O_2$ treated; $H_2O_2$ group: just with $H_2O_2$ treated; $H_2O_2$ + AST group: with both astaxanthin and $H_2O_2$treated; AST group: just with AST treated). Results of the in vivo study showed that weight gain (WG) and special growth rate (SGR) significantly increased with astaxanthin supplemented (P < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of fish fed D2 diet was significantly lower than that of fish fed D1 diet (P < 0.05). Hepatic total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and the reduced glutathione (GSH) of golden pompano fed D2 diet were significant higher than those of fish fed D1 diet (P < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly declined as astaxanthin was supplemented (P < 0.05). Results of the in vitro study showed that the cell viability of $H_2O_2$ group was 52.37% compared to the control group, and it was significantly elevated to 84.18% by astaxanthin supplementation ($H_2O_2$ + AST group) (P < 0.05). The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and the reduced glutathione (GSH) of cell were significant decreased by oxidative stress from $H_2O_2$ (P < 0.05), but it could be raised by astaxanthin supplementation ($H_2O_2$ vs $H_2O_2$ + AST), and the malondialdehyde (MDA) was significant higher in $H_2O_2$ group (P < 0.05) and astaxanthin supplementation could alleviate the cells from lipid peroxidation injury. In conclusion, dietary astaxanthin supplementation can improve the growth performance of golden pompano. Moreover, astaxanthin can improve the golden pompano hepatic antioxidant capacity both in vivo and in vitro study by eliminating the reactive oxygen species.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.568-578
• /
• 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate effects of supplementation of culture media from solid-state fermented Isaria cicadae (I. cicadae) on performance, serum biochemical parameters, serum immune indexes, antioxidant capacity and meat quality of broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 648 Arbor Acres male broiler chickens(1 d; average body weight, 42.93±0.47 g) were randomly assigned to 6 treatments, each with six replicates and 18 broiler chickens per replicate. Broiler chickens were fed phase I (d 1 to 21) and phase II (d 22 to 42) diets. The phase I diets were corn and soybean-meal based diets supplemented with 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, or 10% culture media from solid-state fermented I. cicadae respectively. The phase II diets were corn and soybean-meal based diets supplemented with 0%, 1.33%, 2.67%, 4.00%, 5.32%, or 6.67% culture media from solid-state fermented I. cicadae respectively. Results: In phase I, the broiler chickens with the supplementation of culture media had increased body weight gain and feed intake (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) with increasing inclusion of culture media. The levels of serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased linearly (p<0.05). In phase II, levels of serum T-AOC and interleukin-1β increased linearly (p<0.05), and GSH increased (p<0.05). In the kidney, GSH and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) concentrations increased (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) and SOD concentration increased linearly (p<0.05). Compared to the control, shear force and drip loss of breast muscle decreased (linear and quadratic, p<0.05). Drip loss of leg muscle decreased linearly and quadratically (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of culture media from solid-state fermented I.cicadae which was enriched in both wheat and residual bioactive components of I. cicadae enhanced the growth performance of broiler chickens. It also improved body anti-oxidative status and contributed to improve broiler meat quality.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.65-80
• /
• 2004

Objectives : CRATAEGII FRUCTUS(山査) is known as the substance which delays aging by the antioxidant effects. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of CRATAEGII FRUCTUS(山査) on antioxidant enzyme activities such as Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS), Superoxide dismutase(SOD), Catalase(CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) in rat erythrocytes and blood plasma. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups, Normal group (supplied enough water and feeds only, Normal Group), D-galatose administered group(injected D-galatose 50mg/kg, 1time/day for 6 weeks, Control Group) and CRATAEGII FRUCTUS(山査) administered group (D-galactose 50mg/kg and CRATAEGII FRUCTUS(山査) extracts 85.0mg/200g 1time/day for 6 weeks, SS Group). Rats were sacrificed and TBARS, SOD, CAT, GSH-px, neutral fat and cholesterol were measured in rat erythrocytes and blood plasma. Results : There was no significant difference in the level of TBARS in the blood plasma between each experimental group. Red blood cell SOD activities were significantly different in each group. They were significantly decreased in the Control group compared to those of Normal and there was an increasing phenomenon in the SS group compared to the Control group. There was a significant difference in the activities of the red blood cell - glutathione peroxides in each group. There was a significant increase in the SS group compared to the Control group. Red blood cell catalase activities was no significant difference in each group. Plasma total lipid concentration was significantly different in each group. It was significantly increased in the Control group compared with the Normal group and it was decreasing in the SS group compared to the control group. Plasma triglyceride was not significantly different in each group. Plasma total cholesterol and Plasma HDL -cholesterol concentrations in the blood plasma were not significantly different in each group. Conclusions : According to the above results, it is considered that CRATAEGII FRUCTUS(山査) is effective in inhibiting lipid peroxides and increasing the activities of antioxidative(anti aging) enzyme in D-galactose induced aging rat.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 2009

This study was carried out to evaluate the nuclear, cytoplasmic maturation and developmental potential of bovine oocytes selected by brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) as indirect measurement of oocytes growth phase. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from 2 to 8 mm follicles from slaughterhouse Hanwoo ovaries. The COCs were divided into stained cytoplasm to blue (BCB+) and unstained (BCB-) according to their ooplasm BCB coloration stained by $26{\mu}m$ of BCB after 90 min. Selected COCs were cultured in a TCM 199 for 18 to 26 h. Nuclear maturation and total cell number was evaluated after in vitro maturation (IVM) or in vitro culture (IVC) using $10{\mu}g/ml$ Hoechst 33342, and cytoplasmic maturation was evaluated by intracellular glutathione (GSH) assay before (0 h) and after (24 h) IVM. The oocyte diameters were not differed significantly between BCB+ ($157.4{\pm}5.8{\mu}m$) and BCB+ ($149.0{\pm}31.0{\mu}m$) groups (p>0.05). However, the proportion of metaphase II oocytes in BCB+ group was significantly higher than BCB- group after IVM (p<0.05). GSH content of BCB+ group oocytes was significantly higher than that of BCB- group just after collection ($7.3{\pm}0.6$ vs. $4.8{\pm}0.6\;pmol/oocyte$, p<0.05), but not varied after IVM($13.1{\pm}0.9$ and $12.6{\pm}2.5\;pmol/oocytes$ for BCB+ and BCB- respectively; p>0.05). The proportion of blastocyst formation and total cell number in BCB+ group (23.5% and $105.5{\pm}28.6$) was significantly higher than that in BCB- (9.8% and $72.4{\pm}26.1$; p<0.05). The results indicate that BCB+ group oocytes may provide a cellular and functional basis for the greater developmental competence in Korean Native Cow (KNC) oocytes.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.85-91
• /
• 2016

Objectives: This study investigated the effects of Scutellariae Radix extract (SRE) on lipids metabolism, oxidation and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rats fed highly oxidized fat. Methods: To induce obesity, male Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed a highly oxidized fat diet for 10 weeks. SRE at 100 mg/kg were administered orally to obesity-induced rats for 6 weeks, and their lipid metabolism, oxidation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines were examined. Results: The concentrations of free fatty acid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol in plasma decreased in SRE-treated groups, although the difference was not significant between control and SRE-treated groups, while that of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol significantly increased in SRE group. The concentrations of total cholesterol and triglyceride in the liver were tended to decrease in SRE-treated group. The concentrations of thiobarbituric acid in plasma and liver were lower in SRE group than in control group. The levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase in plasma were decreased in SRE group. Activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in liver were tended to increase in the SRE group. The plasma concentrations of interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 were lower in SRE group than in control group, while that of IL-10 was higher. The liver concentrations of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and IL-6 were tended to decrease while that of IL-10 tended to increase in SRE group. Conclusions: Finally SRE could be used in the production of nutraceuticals for lowering lipids and exerting anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory effects in obesity rats fed highly oxidized rat.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.56-69
• /
• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of laser acupuncture to the 532 nm on the five transport points with the heart meridian for treatment to hypertensive disease in rats with L-NAME induced hypertensive. Methods : Hypertensive was induced by L-NAME for 3 weeks. The laser acupuncture therapy on the five transport points of heart meridian(Laser Well Point-HT9, Laser Brook Point-HT8. Laser Stream Point-HT7, Laser River Point-HT4 and Laser Sea Point-HT3) was treated twice a week for 5 times. The hypertensive was measured using a cardiac hypertrophy, atherogenic index, TG/HDL-cholesterol ratio, TCHO, HDLC, TG, AST, ALT, antioxidative effectiveness and glutathione peroxidase quality of hypertensive rats induced by L-NAME. Results : Blood pressure were decreased significantly after the laser acupuncture of Well, Brook and Sea Point groups. Cardiac hypertrophy were decreased at the laser acupuncture of Brook and Stream Point groups. Athrogenic index was decreased at the laser acupuncture of Well, Stream, River and Sea Point groups. TG/HDL-cholesterol ratio was decreased at the laser acupuncture of all groups. Total cholesterol was decreased significantly at the laser acupuncture of Well Point group. High density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol were decreased significantly at the laser acupuncture of Well, Stream and River Point groups. Triglyceride was decreased significantly at the laser acupuncture of Stream Point group. Cu/Zn-Superoxide Dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GPX) were increased significantly at the laser acupuncture of Well Point group. Conclusions : The laser acupuncture treatment in five transport points of the Heart Meridian was effective for lowering blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, Atherogenic index and HTR, and for enhancing antioxidant activity.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2005

Objective : The present study was carried out to investigate the preventive effect of Several Herb-combind Prescription(SHP) on Streptozotocin (STZ) -induced Diabetes mellitus. Methods : SHP was given to rats with the combination of oral administration and herbal-acupuncture stimulation. The experimental animals were divided into 3 groups : normal group of rats, control group of STZ-induced diabetic rats, sample group with SHP treatment. In vitro test of SHP showed ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition, DPPH radical scavenging activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Experimental diabetes was induced by the injection of STZ(60mg/kg) to the rat via the peritoneum. The effect of SHP on STZ-induced diabetes was observed by measuring the seum level of insulin, glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol and lipid peroxides. Hepatic activities of catalase and reduced glutathione were examined and insulin granule was observed by immunohistochemical examination. Result : STZ caused hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia by a selectively destroying pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell. SHP treatment protected them from the hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia. STZ induced increase of serum triglyceride lowered by SHP treatment. And by SHP treatment, pancrease showed a big area with positive immuno-reactivity for presence of insulin with many insulin granules distributed in the ${\beta}$-cells in the islets of Langerhans. Contusions : The SHP treatment showed protective effect on diabetic rat model, and action mechanism of the effect was thought to be concerned with anti-oxidative stress.