• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.103-114
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• 2024

This study was done to investigate the effects of the incorporation of Achyranthes japonica extracts (AJE) in diet on the production parameters of growing pigs. Exp 1: Total, 105 crossbred pigs (average body weight: 24.47 ± 2.46 kg) were used in a 6-week feeding trial. Pigs (seven replicates, five pigs per pen) were allotted randomly to three treatments. Dietary treatments: CON (basal diet); basal diet with 0.025% AJE, and basal diet + 0.050% AJE). Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial count, and fecal noxious gas were assessed in this study. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) were not affected by the addition of up to 0.05% AJE. In the case of apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), and digestible energy (DE) were not changed in 3rd and 6th weeks of the feeding trial through the addition of AJE up to 0.05% in the growing pig diet. In microbial count, Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli count at 3rd and 6th week was similar in all the treatment diets. The inclusion of AJE at levels up to 0.05% in growing pig diet had no effect on the production of NH3, H2S, acetic acid, and CO₂ in the feces. After ending the Exp 1, a total of nine pigs were divided into three treatment groups. Treatment diets were included, TRT1, basal diet + powder quercetin 30 g; TRT2, basal diet + powder quercetin 150 g; TRT3, basal diet + powder quercetin 300g. Rate of absorption in blood was increased with the higher dose of quercetin. The results suggested incorporation of AJE up to 0.05% has no significant effect on ADG, ADFI, and G:F, as well as DM, N, and DE digestibility, fecal microbial count, and fecal noxious gas emission in growing pigs, even though no negative effect was found.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2024

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of seeding dates on the growth characteristics, dry matter yield and mineral contents of rye cultivated in the paddy field. The field experiment was conceived as a randomized block design performed in triplicate with seeding dates of October 19 (T1), October (T2), November 2 (T3), November 9 (T4), and November 16 (T5). All treatments was harvested on May 22 of the following year. Plant length, stem diameter, dry matter yield, and total digestible nutrient (TDN) yield were higher in rye with early seeding dates (p<0.05), whereas TDN was higher with late seeding dates (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between crude protein and ether extract among the different seeding dates. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were higher with early seeding dates (p<0.05). K and Ca contents were significantly higher at T1 as compared to other treatments (T2, T3, T4 and T5). There was no significant difference in Mg and Na content among T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 treatments. P content was higher in the order T1 > T2 > T3 > T4 > T5 (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in free sugar contents (glucose, fructose and sucrose) by treatments, whereas total free sugar content was the highest in T1 than in the other treatments (p<0.05). Collectively, the results obtained in this study indicate that it is favorable to seed (T1 and T2) soon after harvesting rice to increase dry matter, TDN yield and total free sugar content of rye in the midlands of Korea.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.152-158
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• 2015

본 시험은 새로운 여름 사료작물인 케나프(kenaf; Hibiscus dannabinus L.)의 생육특성, 수량성 및 품질을 다른 사료작물과 비교할 목적으로 2013년부터 2014년까지 2년간에 걸쳐 축산과학원 축산자원개발부 초지사료과 내의 시험포장에서 수행하였다. 중부지역에서 케나프(홍마 300), 옥수수(광평옥) 및 수수${\times}$수단그라스(점보)의 생육특성 및 품질을 비교한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 당도는 홍마 300이 $5.4Brix^{\circ}$로 광평옥보다 $1Brix^{\circ}$, 점보보다 $2.9Brix^{\circ}$ 높았다. 출현율과 도복은 세 작물 모두 각각 80% 이상, 1.5 이상으로 양호하게 나타났다. 생초수량은 점보가 홍마 300보다 12% 높았으며, 건물중은 홍마 300이 제 작물 중 유의성 있게 가장 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 하지만, TDN 수량은 홍마 300이 광평옥보다 13% 유의성 있게 낮았다 (p<0.05). ADF 및 NDF 함량은 홍마 300이 57.8%, 69.5%로 가장 높았으며 TDN 함량 및 건물소화율은 43.3% 및 44.4%로 가장 낮았다. 따라서 본 연구결과를 토대로 볼 때 케나프인 홍마 300은 건물수량은 높지만 사료 품질에서 광평옥 및 점보보다 많이 낮았다. 그 결과 TDN 수량성은 광평옥보다 13% 낮은 결과를 얻었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 새로운 사료작물인 케나프는 단위면적당 생초 및 건물수확량은 옥수수보다 높지만, 건물소화율 및 TDN 함량이 낮아 TDN 수량은 옥수수보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 홍마 300은 높은 수량성을 가지고 있지만 낮은 사료가치를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.339-346
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 기능성 원료를 첨가하여 기능성 표시제도를 적용한 검은콩 선식 제품의 품질 특성 및 항산화활성을 비교하였다. 입도 분포의 경우, BS와 BSN에서 각각 118.00±12.09 ㎛ 127.00±14.73 ㎛ 로 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 색도 또한 L, a, b에서 모두 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 수분 결합력에서는 BS 및 BSN에서 각각 241.67±30.66% 및 216.33±13.01%를 나타내었고 pH는 BSN에서 5.45±0.03로 BS(6.00±0.04)에 비해 낮은 수치를 보였다. 총 페놀함량은 BS 및 BSN에서 각각 1.75±0.26 mg GAE/g 및 1.61±0.19 mg GAE/g로 나타났고, 총 플라보노이드 함량 역시 BS가 6.36±0.3419 mg RE/g로 BSN 5.95±0.54 mg RE/g와 비교해 볼 때 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 항산화 활성의 경우, 모든 항산화 측정 시험법에서 BS 및 BSN 모두 농도의존적으로 항산화 활성을 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 두 시료간의 항산화 활성의 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이상 결과들을 종합해볼 때, 검은콩 선식에 기능성원료 첨가에 따른 선식 제품의 품질특성에는 큰 변화가 관찰되지 않았으며 항산화활성 등의 고유 기능성도 유지되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 기능성 원료를 첨가하여 제조한 검은콩 선식 제품의 경우 기능성 표시제도를 통해 소비자 니즈에 부합하며 기능성이 향상된 제품화가 가능할 것으로 사료되며, 향후 감각화학적 측면에서 기능성원료에 의한 관능적 특성의 변화 등의 연구가 추가되면 선식제품의 고부가가치화에 기여하는 바가 클 것으로 사료된다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.180-183
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• 2008

Digestion properties of 3 types of cereals, white rice, brown rice, and barley, were measured after cooking or grinding. Regardless of the processing methods, white rice showed the highest rate and the greatest extent of digestion, whereas barley showed the lowest values. During the early digestion period, cooked white rice kernels had a larger k (kinetic constant) value than uncooked white rice flour, indicating that cooking induced faster digestion than grinding. In the case of brown rice and barley, the cell wall in cooked kernels remained intact and resulted in a lower k values than those of uncooked flour. However, after 3 hr of digestion, the total digestion extent was greater for the cooked brown rice and barley than that for uncooked flours. The high content of slowly digestible starch (SDS) in cooked brown rice and barley might be due to the starch fraction which was protected by the cell wall. The resistant starch (RS) content, however, was greater for the uncooked flours than that for cooked kernels. The cooked kernels of 3 cereal samples tested showed higher glycemic index (GI) values than the uncooked flours.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.653-658
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• 1992

Crossbred dairy does were fed a roughage diet (IVOMD 56%, N 2.27%) ad libitum, and supplemented with urea-molasses (3% W : W) (UM) at levels on an air dry basis of 1.5% or 3% of liveweight or an iso-energetic, iso-nitrogenous mixture of cottonseed meal and molasses (25 : 75 w : w) (CM). Eight does, four lower-producers and four higher-producers (1.9 and 2.5 kg/day respectively in week 7 of lactation) arranged in two Latin Squares, received each of the four diets for three weeks. Dry matter, digestible organic matter and N intakes were higher for high-producers and high levels of supplement but did not differ between nitrogen sources. Milk production was higher by high-producers; interactions were significant between level of supplement and production group and between level of supplement and N-source, with maximum production by high producers on high levels of CM. The main effects of level of supplement were only significant for production or composition. and total solids; N-source did not have significant effects on liveweight, milk production or composition. We conclude that does of moderate capacity for milk production, receiving a diet of two-thirds moderate quality roughage, one third urea-molasses, will not respond to increased level of supplementation or to replacement of urea with cottonseed meal.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.40-46
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• 1988

This study was carried out to determine the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization levels (0, 100 and 200kg/ha) and formaldehyde (0.4,0.8 and 1.2%: w/w CM) on the chemical composition, dry matter (DM) yield and in-vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of forage rape (Brassica napus Subsp. oleifera) silage. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. Forage rape was a catch crop which was highly digestible and low concentration in NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin. 2. The concentration of the water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and buffering capacity (PK) was 17.9% and 6.77g/100g, respectively, provided the WSC to PK ratio was 2.65. 3. DM content of silage decreased as the rate of N fertilization increased, but concentration of ammonia-N decreased. IVDMD was not affected by the rate of N fertilization. 4. By the addition of formaldehyde, the pH and IVDMD were increased, but the DM, lactic acid, total organic acid and ammonia-N content of rape silage were decreased, that was effective as a silage additive for forage rape.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.81-86
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• 1996

Silage wm(cv, Gwanganok) was cultivated during 1991-1994 on paddy land as a rotational cropping system of rice, to evaluate the effect of cattle manure application on the soil characteristics, yield performance and quality of com plant. The treatments used in this study were non-fertilizer, NPK standard in chemical fertilizer(N:$P_2O_5$ : $K_2O$= 200 : 150 : 150 kg/ha), cattle manure 20.40, 60 and 80 ton/ha Application of cattle manure improved soil pH, organic matter, available phosphate and exchangeable cations in the soils. During the experiment, soil pH was improved from 4.7 in the chemical fertilizer application(control) to 5.4-5.6 in the application of cattle manure, and available $P_2O_5$ wntent was increased from 72.2 ppm(contro1) to 340.2 ppm(cattle manure 80 ton/ha). Application of cattle manure increased plant growth, plant height and stalk diameter, and silage yields. Dry matter yields were produced 15.88 ton(chemical fertilizer), 20.11 ton(cattle manure 40 ton) and 21.22 ton/ha(cattle manure 80 ton/ha). However, no signicant yield differences were observed between cattle manure 40, 60 and 80 tonlha Productions of total digestible nutrients(TDN) and net energy for lactation(NEL) were also increased under cattle manure application. From the abobe results, the proper application amount of cattle manure was 40 tonha in this experiment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.820-824
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• 2004

The study was to see the effect of administration of ruminal fungi on feed intake, growth rate, rumen fermentation and nutrient digestion of calves (Tharparkar$\times$Holstein-Friesian, average age: 10 months, average body weight: 130 kg). The 6 calves in first group were fed a mixture consisted of 50% wheat straw and 50% concentrate (Maize 62%, Groundnut cake 35%, Mineral mix. 2% and Common salt 1%) along with 1 kg green oats $animal^{-1}$ $day^{-1}$ while second group calves were fed the above-mentioned diet in addition to a dose of 160 ml ($10^{6}$ CFU/ml) fungal culture $calf^{-1}$ $week^{-1}$. The average dry matter intake per day was slightly lowered in fungal fed calves yet feed conversion ratio was higher. The average daily weight gain was significantly higher (15.37%) in fungal administered group as compared to control. The nutrient digestibility was increased for crude fibre, NDF and ADF with fungal administration. Digestible energy value of straw-based diet in terms of percent TDN also increased. The pH and $NH_{3}$-N were lower whereas TVFA, total-N, TCA-N and number of zoospores were higher in rumen liquor in fungal administered group.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.1288-1293
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• 2002

Four adult rams ($22.25{\pm}0.90kg$) were used in a $4{\times}4$ latin square design to evaluate the rations without ($T_1$) or with supplementation of sunflower acid oil at 5 ($T_2$), 10 ($T_3$) or calcium soap at 10% of dietary DM ($T_4$) on nutrient digestibility and balances of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus. The basal ration contained 60 parts Brazilian napier grass hay and 40 parts concentrate mixture. The DM, CF, NDF and ADF digestibilities and nitrogen retention (g/d) decreased (p<0.01) by inclusion of sunflower acid oil at 5% of dietary DM. In addition, depression (p<0.01) in digestibilities of CP, nitrogen free extract (NFE), cellulose, hemicellulose, retention of calcium and phosphorus (g/d) were also observed with increasing the level of sunflower acid oil to 10% of dietary DM. The EE digestibility, total digestible nutrients (TDN) content and calcium retention (g/d) were significantly higher (p<0.01) for ration supplemented with calcium soap. It is concluded that sunflower acid oil supplementation in free form as low as 5% of dietary DM is deleterious to fibre digestion in sheep while as calcium soap, it can be fed up to 10% of dietary DM as an energy source without any adverse effect.