• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the interaction between productivity and light condition and to analyze the material productivity and productive charactaristics under different hours of light in Zoysia japonica. 1. Rate increasement of leaf number and total leaf length was remarkably high at the early growth stage in the control and 9 hour light treatment. The rate gradually decreased as growth proceeded. But 3 hour treatment was very low in the rate from its early growth stage through the whole test period. 2. The increasing rate of leaf area ratio (LAR) in all the experimental plots was remarkably high at the early growth stage after transplanting the grass. The shorter photoperiod resulted remarkable lower increasement of LAR. 3. The rhizome growth rate of the 9 hour photoperiod was high contrast to the 3 hour photoperiod treatment. The increasing rate of node number was also showed similar trend. 4. Chlorophyll content was very high at the 36 days after transplanting and then decreased gradually. Chlorophyll content on 3 hours photoperiod plot severely decreased. The ratio of chlorophyll a to b was decreased significantly at short day treatment. 5. The content of soluble sugar was increased at shorter photoperiod. The highest ratio of sugar content was on August, 28 by HPLC method. Such a result was attributed to accumulation of sugar in spite of low synthesis of ploysacchrides, translocation by low consumption. 6. The increasing rate of standings in all light treatment was high at the early growth stage after transplanting. Short photoperiod treatment by 3hour showed especially low prganic productivity on Zoysia japonica.

• ALGAE
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2004

This study investigated the temporal and spatial dynamics of an epilithic algal community in the Hantan River in November 2001, February, May and August 2002. It was identified a total of an epiphlithic 301 taxa which were composed of 275 species, 16 varieties and 10 unidentified species. The standing crops ranged between 598,600-16,525,200 cells $\cdot$ $cm^2$ and showed the temporal and spatial variations, A higher value was found at the lower station than the upper station in winter, but a higher value was found at the upper station than the lower station in summer due to the effects of typhoons. Chlorophyll concentrations ranged between 13.4-304.2 ${\mu}g$ $\cdot$ $cm^2$. Standing crops and chlorophyll showed similar trends in autumn and winter, but temporal dynamics were not apparent in the overgrowth of Lyngbya, Schizothrix and so others in Cyanophyceae in spring and summer. They were composed of species in Chlorophyceae-Bascillariophyceae-Cyanophyceae and no seasonal effect was detected. Low diversity index values probably indicated the effects of environmental stresses (water temperature, flow and current velocity) other than organic pollution. An assessment of organic pollution using epilithic diatoms (DAIpo) showed $\alpha$-oligosaprobic states at the upper- and mid- stations, and $\alpha$-mesosaprobic states at the lower- stations.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.475-478
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• 2006

Total primary production resulting from the photosynthetic process can be defined as the amount of organic matter produced in a given period of time. It is proportional to the chlorophyll-a (chl-a) values in the surface layer of the ocean. The MODIS board on Aqua satellite measures visible and infrared radiation in 36 wavebands, providing simultaneous images of chl-a concentration and sea surface temperature (SST) in the upper layer of the sea. The seasonal distribution of chl-a concentration during one year from April 2005 to March 2006 was examined. Light has a role of starting the seasonal cycle. The Kuroshio Current in this area induces many oceanographical features affecting to the change of seasonal control. The chl-a concentration is also seasonal, which is low in summer and high in winter. In summer, the meandering of Kuroshio Current induces strong eddies and increases the chl-a concentration. In autumn, the delayed small autumn bloom occurred until last December due to the Kuroshio Current. When the Kuroshio axis moves far from the coast, the coastal water dominates and increases the concentration even in the winter. The spring bloom starts early at the beginning of March and decreases during the spring.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 1984

This experiment was carried out to study the effects of light intensity and soil water regimes on the growth of ginseng seedling. The results were as follows: 1. The maximum light intensity and optimum temperature in 1,le photosynthesis of ginseng seedling were 10,000 lux and 23 $^{\circ}C$. Respiration rate was increased at high temperature. 2. Air and soil temperature under the shading were increased as the increase of light intensity but soil water contents were decreased as the increase of light intensity, whereas air and soil temperature were decreased as the increase of precipitation under the shade b5: soil water contents were increased as the increase of precipitation under the shade. 3. The higher the transmittance of the shade, the greater the specific leaf weight (S.L.W.) and stomatal density. In contrast, however, the contents of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and b, and stomatal length was decreased. There was no any significant difference light intensity of the a/b ratio of chlorophyll. 4. The highest photosynthesis was occurred in ginseng leaves grown under the shade 5% L.T.R. and net photosynthesis rates increased with increasing soil water contents. 5. Optimum condition for usable seedling yield were 5% L.T.R. and 3.3% precipitation under the shade. Useless seedling increased with increasing precipitation under the shade.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.408-416
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• 2010

To evaluate the effectiveness of AMF on the growth of horticultural crops, we compared mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants, perilla (P. frutescens Britt.), that were inoculated with AMF propagules. In the early stages of growth of perilla, compared to the AMF- perilla seedlings, in AMF+ perilla seedlings at 3 weeks after sowing, leaf length and width increased 17% and 29%, leaf area increased 28%, and shoot fresh weight increased 33%, root total length increased 1%, and chlorophyll content increased 3%. Further at 10 weeks after sowing, compared to the AMF- perilla plants, in perilla plants inoculated with AMF at the sowing and transplanting stages, leaf area increased 21% and 19%, shoot length increased 19% and 17%, root fresh weight increased 17% and 20%, and chlorophyll content increased 5.1% and 4.8%, respectively. Moreover, at 14 weeks after sowing, compared to the AMFperilla plants, in perilla plants inoculated with AMF at the sowing and transplanting stages, the number of leaves increased 16% and 20%, root fresh weight increased 16% and 17% significantly. Further, leaf fresh weight increased 9% and 11%, shoot diameter increased 4.5% and 7.3%, and chlorophyll content increased 1.5% and 2.5%, respectively. The levels of many macronutrients and micronutrients were tended to be significantly higher in AMF+ plants than in AMF- plants, supporting the association between AMF and enhanced growth of plants grown from AMF+ seedlings.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.310-318
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• 2016

This study was performed to investigate changes in the quality characteristics and chemical compounds in garlic shoots by blanching for different time (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 min). The color (L, a, and b values), texture profile (hardness, springiness, chewiness, gumminess, and cohesiveness), total vitamin C, total sugar, total polyphenol and flavonoid, chlorophyll a and b contents, total pyruvate and thiosulfinate contents of the blanched garlic shoots were examined. As the blanching time increased, the L and b values decreased, while the a value increased. Hardness, chewiness, springiness and gumminess of the blanched shoots were significantly lowered with the increasing blanching time. Vitamin C content of raw garlic shoot was 1.62 mg/100 g while that of the blanched garlic shoots was 0.16~0.24 mg/100 g, implying vitamin C loss into blanching water and destruction by heat. The total sugar and polyphenol contents were fluctuated during blanching, but over 75% of their initial levels were retained under all blanching conditions. The total flavonoid contents increased as the blanching time increased. The chlorophyll a content did not show significant change with blanching time, but the chlorophyll b content significantly decreased. These results suggest that blanching for 2 min could be the best for retaining beneficial compounds and desirable quality of garlic shoot.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.340-348
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• 2015

Mowing turfgrasses, especially fast growing species like perennial ryegrass, is one of the most time and money consuming tasks of their management. Trinexapac-ethyl (TE) is a popular plant growth regulator used to reduce mowing requirements, improve stress tolerance, and enhance turf quality. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of TE rate and frequency of applications on growth response and traffic tolerance of perennial ryegrass. The experiment was a split-plot laid out in a randomized complete block (RCB) design with three replications. TE was applied to main plots at 0.00, 0.25, and $0.50kg\;a.i.\;ha^{-1}$. Application pattern included an initial application, followed by two sequential applications at 6-wk intervals. Traffic treatment was applied to subplots with a cleated roller. Results demonstrated that TE consistently reduced vertical shoot growth, clippings dry weight, with maximum growth reduction of 59% and 65%, for 0.25 and $0.50kg\;a.i.\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, occurring at 2 weeks after initial TE treatment (WAT). Traffic also dramatically reduced vertical shoot growth and clippings dry weight. Overall, quality of perennial ryegrass was enhanced by sequential TE applications, however, turf quality and surface coverage reduced greatly under traffic, regardless of TE treatment. Total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b and total carbohydrates (TC) contents were also positively influenced following sequential TE application. Our results indicated that TE reduces mowing frequency and enhances turf quality rather than influencing traffic resistance.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1791-1799
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the contents of antioxidative components from pulpy and seed in wild haw (Crataegus pinnatifida $B_{UNGE}$). Pulpy and seed of haw were smashed, then measured for color properties, antioxidative components of ascorbic acid, phytic acid, proanthocyanidin, anthocyanin, total carotene, ${\beta}$-carotene, lycopene, chlorophyll a, b and tannin. The $a^*$, $b^*$ and $C^*$ values of seed were significantly lower than pulpy, but $L^*$ and $H^{\circ}$ values were higher than that of pulpy. Ascorbic acid contents of pulpy and seed were found to be $10.89{\pm}1.69mg/100g$ and $1.45{\pm}0.16mg/100g$, respectively. Phytic acid, proanthocyanidin, total carotene and tannin contents of pulpy and seed were $689.17{\pm}3.63mg/g$, $597.78{\pm}2.93mg/g$; $355.61{\pm}19.39mg/g$, $49.12{\pm}4.97mg/g$; $8.32{\pm}0.42mg%$, $0.80{\pm}0.01mg%$; $7.53{\pm}0.09mg/g$, $1.02{\pm}0.03mg/g$, respectively. Similarly, ${\beta}$-carotene, lycopene, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents of pulpy also displayed higher values than that of seed. On the contrary, anthocyanin content of seed ($4.24{\pm}0.33mg/L$) was remarkably higher than pulpy ($0.99{\pm}0.62mg/L$). The results showed that pulpy could be severed as great natural antioxidant and biohealth functional food.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.321-327
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• 2000

Puchu (Allium odorum L.) Kimchi was prepared in 5 different conditions and the color(chlorophyll and carotenoids) and textural properties were measured during fermentation up to 43 days at 10$^{\circ}C$. The 5 preparation conditions which varied depending upon the sub-ingredients were as follows: to add salt (treatment A), soybean sauce(treatment B), soybean sauce and perilla seed powder (treatment C), anchovy sauce(treatment D), and anchovy sauce and glutinous rice paste(treatment E). Residual contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid decreased with the lapse of fermentation time, especially in treatments D and E. Value“a”indicating the degree of greenness in Hunter's color value decreased with the lapse of fermentation time, especially in treatment E. The contents of total soluble pectin and total soluble solid increased during fermentation.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 1991

Phytoplankton chlorophyll-a concentrations and primary productivities were measured and analyzed in the adjacent waters of Kori Nuclear Power Plant where thermal effluent is being discharged chlorophyll-a concentrations were ranged from 1.89 to 12.8 ug/l. Nanoplankton 9cell size; 3∼20 um) fractions of the total chlorophyll-a concentrations were ranged from 4.60 to 65.95% and picoplankton (cell size<3um) fractions contributed from 15.71 to 83.20%. Primary productivities measured by C 14 method were ranged from 165.17 to 645.79 mgC/m$^2$ /day and, nanoplankton and picoplankton contribution rate to the total primary productivity were ranged from 8.06 to 43.98% and from 19.64 to 81.45% respectively. these results imply that very tiny cell sized phytoplankton population are important in point of biomass and primary productivity of phytoplankton communities.