• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.179-190
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the effects of dried powders of pine needle, pine pollen, green tea and horseradish on preservation of Kimchi-yangnyum. The physicochemical and microbial changes of Kimchi-yangnyum were investigated during 30-days preservation. The changes of pH, total acid, and number of total viable cell, lactic acid bacteria, E. coli of the Kimchi-yangnyum were insignificant. And the addition of pine needle powder were more effective to suppress fermentation than that of pine pollen or green tea or horseradish.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.241-251
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• 1993

Present studies were carried out in order to estabilish the bronchoalveolar lavage method and to examine the response of bleomycin and peplomycin on the total cell number and the subpoulations of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. A total of 24 male F344 rats, weighing 300-350 mg, were divided into 3 groups. Animals recelved either belomycin (BLM` 0.75 mg/0.2 ml/rat), peplomycin (PLM` 0.25mg/0.2ml/rat) for groups 2 and 3 or an equal volume of sterile saline lacking drugs for controls (group 1).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.542-551
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to examine the incidence of oral mucositis in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients and to identify factors influencing oral mucositis and patient outcomes according to severity. Methods: In this retrospective study, data were collected from electronic medical records of 222 patients who had received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Oral mucositis was evaluated using WHO's assessment scale. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, Fisher exact test, Spearman's correlation, Ordinal logistic regression, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: A total of 69.8% of the patients evaluated developed oral mucositis (grade II and over). As a results of ordinal regression, factors influencing oral mucositis severity were found to be diagnosis, type of transplantation, oxygen inhalation and the number of antiemetics administration before transplantation. The severity of oral mucositis was found to increase the days of hospitalization, days of TPN administration, days of using antibiotics and the number and dosage of analgesics. Conclusion: The results would help predict severity of oral mucositis in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients and suggest that provision of appropriate nursing assessment and oral care would improve patient outcomes.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.spc
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• pp.12-16
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• 2005

Seasonal change in cell number and biomass expressed as chlorophyll a of picophytoplankton community in surface waters was investigated in the north basin of Lake Biwa from September 2001 to November 2002. Two main peaks, in May and summer (from July to October), were observed by change of the cell density of picophytoplankton. It is considered that peak in May was due to water temperature rise and summer peak was attributed to mass-specific nutrient uptake by picophytoplankton. Horizontal distribution in cell number and biomass of picophytoplankton community in surface water of Lake Biwa was investigated at 56 stations on June 6 ${\sim}$ 7 2002. DIN and DIP concentrations were lower in the north basin than in the south basin. The cell density and chlorophyll a of picophytoplankton were distributed almost uniformly in all area. The contribution of picophytoplankton to total phytoplankton chlorophyll a was higher in the north basin than in the south basin. These results suggest that picophytoplankton is important as a primary producer in low nutrient periods and areas of Lake Biwa.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.4549-4553
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• 2015

Background: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the major causes of cancer death worldwide. Data from the literature indicate differences between the proliferation rate of endothelial cells relative to the morphology growth type, possibly due to origin of specimens (autopsy material, surgery fragments) or quantification methods. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a factor that stimulates the proliferation of endothelial cells. It is expressed in more than 90% of cases of metastatic CRC. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the endothelial cell proliferation and VEGF expression in primary tumors and corresponding liver metastases. Materials and Methods: Our study included 24 recent biopsies of primary tumors and corresponding liver metastases of CRC cases. CD34/Ki67 double immunostaining and RNA scope assay for VEGF were performed. Results: In the primary tumors analysis of VEGFmRNA expression indicated no significant correlation with differentiation grade, proliferative and non-proliferative vessels in the intratumoral and peritumoral areas. In contrast, in the corresponding liver metastases, VEGFmRNA expression significantly correlated with the total number of non-proliferative vessels and total number of vessels. CD34/Ki67 double immunostaining in the cases with poorly differentiated carcinoma indicated a high number of proliferating endothelial cells in the peritumoral area and a low number in the intratumoral area for the primary tumor. Moderately differentiated carcinomas of colon showed no proliferating endothelial cells in the intratumoral area in half of the cases included in the study, for both, primary tumor and liver metastasis. In well differentiated CRCs, in primary tumors, a high proliferation rate of endothelial cells in the intratumoral area and a lower proliferation rate in the peritumoral area were found. A low value was found in corresponding liver metastasis. Conclusions: The absence of proliferative endothelial cells in half of the cases for the primary tumors and liver metastases in moderately differentiated carcinoma suggest a vascular mimicry phenomenon. The mismatch between the total number of vessels and endothelial proliferation in primary tumors indicate that a functional vascular network is already formed or the existence of some mechanisms influenced by other angiogenic factors.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.279-288
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• 1996

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of EGF on the development of IVM/IVF bovine embryos and their ICM and TE cell number. In addition, we examined the combined effect of EGF and coculture to the bovine embryo development and the expression of EGF-R protein on bovine embryos by indirect immunofluorescence. The results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows: When the IVM/IVF 4- to 8-cell embryos were treated at 0, 1, 10, 100 ng/ml of EGF, EGF treatment group showed improved development to blastocyst and increased pattern of ICM and TE cell number compared with control, although there is not significantly different. The stimulating effect of EGF (10 ng/ml) to the develop ment level of IVM/IVF bovine embryos significantly increased development rate to blastocyst after 8-cell stage (p<0.05), although there is no significant effect to the increase of ICM and TE cell numbers. Also, expression of EGF-R on the bovine embryonic stage by indirect immunofluor escence presents after 4-cell stage and the intensity of the EGF-R staining was variable with the development progression. On the other hand, embryos cultured in coculture group added either with or without EGF commonly indicated the significant difference in development rate to blastocyst and Total cell number compared with control. These results suggest that the a addition of EGF to the coculture may stimulate the coculture effect between IVM/IVF bovineembryos and cumulus cells. Therefore, EGF could promote preimplantation bovine embryo development by binding with expressed EGF~R after 4-cell stage, and stimulate the production of embryotrophic factors from the coculture environment. Also, the present study showed that there was no significant effect of EGF to the increase of ICM and TE cell number although the rate of blastocyst significantly increased when treated with EGF after 8-cell stage (p<0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.381-386
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• 2010

We have cultured the bluefin tuna in Yokjido, Tongyeong with floating cage which was vulnerable to harmful dinoflagellate, Cochiodinium polykrikoides. This study inspected a vertical migration of phytoplankton and Chl-a for reasonable sinking depth in floating cage. Furthermore, we analyzed the fluctuation of the phytoplankton including harmful dinoflagellates occurring in Yokgido for 6 years. Total cell density showed a significant monthly variation and the flora was predominated with diatoms. Gymnodinium sp. occurred 19 times, the greatest number of occurrence in all kinds of dinoflagellates during summer. In particular, the total number of occurrence at C. polykrikoides was 8, and harmful dinoflagellates such as Karenia brevis/Fibrcapsa japonica occurred. The relationship between Chl-a concentration/total cell number and sunset/sunrise was significant and reasonable sinking depth in floating cage was found to be at least 3m from the water surface, which was associated with massive fish kills caused by C. polykrikoides.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.711-717
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• 2007

In this study, two cell types from porcine females, namely fetal fibroblasts (pFFs) and adult ear fibroblasts (pAEFs) and two passages (3-4 and 7-8) were investigated by evaluating the development rate, blastocyst cell number and the incidence of apoptosis. No significant differences were observed in the cleavage rates of cloned and IVF embryos. The blastocyst rates between the embryos cloned with pFFs ($15.1{\pm}3.2$) and pAEFs ($10.4{\pm}2.6$) did not differ significantly but was significantly (p<0.05) lower in pAEFs than that in IVF ($22.5{\pm}4.5$) embryos. Total cell number in pFFs ($28.4{\pm}4.3$) and pAEFs cloned blastocysts ($24.2{\pm}5.1$) was significantly (p<0.05) lesser than IVF control ($35.4{\pm}3.2$). Apoptosis rates between cloned blastocysts differed significantly (p<0.05) and were significantly (p<0.05) higher than IVF embryos. The blastocyst rates between the cloned embryos cloned with different cell passages did not differ significantly but in embryos cloned with 7-8 cell passage was significantly (p<0.05) lower than the IVF control. Apoptosis signals were detected in IVF and cloned embryos as early as day 3 and the rates of apoptosis increased concurrently with the embryo development. In conclusion, high apoptosis during in vitro preimplantation development resulted in low development rate and total cell number of cloned embryos. Moreover, based on the apoptotic incidence in cloned blastocysts, fetal fibroblasts are more suitable for production of cloned embryos in porcine.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.163-168
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• 2014

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are known to play an important role in the repair of damaged blood vessels. We used an endothelial progenitor cell colony-forming assay (EPC-CFA) to determine whether EPC numbers could be increased in healthy individuals through regular exercise training. The number of functional EPCs obtained from human peripheral blood-derived AC133 stem cells was measured after a 28-day regular exercise training program. The number of total endothelial progenitor cell colony-forming units (EPC-CFU) was significantly increased compared to that in the control group (p=0.02, n=5). In addition, we observed a significant decrease in homocysteine levels followed by an increase in the number of EPC-CFUs (p=0.04, n=5), indicating that the 28-day regular exercise training could increase the number of EPC colonies and decrease homocysteine levels. Moreover, an inverse correlation was observed between small-endothelial progenitor cell colony-forming units (small-EPC-CFUs) and plasma homocysteine levels in healthy men (r=-0.8125, p=0.047). We found that regular exercise training could increase the number of EPC-CFUs and decrease homocysteine levels, thus decreasing the cardiovascular disease risk in men.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2004

Respiratory effects in full time welders include bronchitis, airway irritation, lung function changes, and lung fibrosis. Welder's pneumoconiosis has been generally determined to be benign and not associated with respiratory symptoms based on the absence of pulmonary function abnormalities in welders with marked radiographic abnormalities. Accordingly, to investigate pulmonary function changes during 60 days induced by welding-fume exposure, male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to manual metal arc-stainless steel (MMA-SS) welding fumes with concentrations of 64.8$\pm$0.9 mg/$m^3$ (low dose) and 107.8 $\pm$ 2.6 mg/$m^3$ (high dose) total suspended particulates for 2 hr/day, 5 days/week in an inhalation chamber for 60 days. Pulmonary function was measured every week with whole body plethysmograph compensated (WBP Comp, SFT38116, Buxco Electronics, Sharon, CT). The rats exposed to the high dose of welding fumes exhibited statistically significant (p<0.05~0.01) body weight decrease as compared to the control whereas cell number increase of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) (total cell, macrophage, polymorphonuclear cell and lymphocyte) during the 60 days exposure period. And only tidal volume was significantly decreased in dosedependantly during 60 days of MMA-SS welding fume exposure. This pulmonary function change with inflammatory cell recruitment confirms the lung injury caused by the MMA-SS welding fume exposure.