• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.761-767
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to predict total bacteria count of pork meats by using the portable electronic nose systems developed throughout two stages of the prototypes. Total bacteria counts were measured for pork meats stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 21days and compared with the signals of the electronic nose systems. PLS(Partial least square), PCR (Principal component regression), MLR (Multiple linear regression) models were developed for the prediction of total bacteria count of pork meats. The coefficient of determination ($R_p{^2}$) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) for the models were 0.789 and 0.784 log CFU/g with the 1st system for the pork loin, 0.796 and 0.597 log CFU/g with the 2nd system for the pork belly, and 0.661 and 0.576 log CFU/g with the 2nd system for the pork loin respectively. The results show that the developed electronic system has potential to predict total bacteria count of pork meats.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.180-185
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• 2002

The direct viable count (DVC) and plate count (PC) methods was used to measure the number of bacteria in potable groundwater samples collected from bottled water from the market, mineral water, and edible groundwater near the urban areas and the stock farming congested areas. As a result, the number of living bacteria by DVC was comprised 30~80% of the total direct count (TDC), whereas the number of living bacteria by PC was around l~30% of DVC. Such results show that viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria exist in the potable groundwater with high percentages. On the other hand, upon measuring the value from the conventional nutrient broth (NB), $10^-2$ fold diluted nutrient broth (DNB), and R2A broth, the values from the DNB and R2A showed 2~50 times higher than the conventional NB medium. These results indicate that oligotrophic bacterial groups which can multiply in the low nutrient broth abundantly exist in the oligotrophic environment like potable groundwater.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.126-132
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aims to provide basic data regarding the bacterial total plate count in the atmospheric environment for related studies. Methods: Total plate count and the identification of culturable bacteria in the atmospheric environment in Incheon took place in 2015 using periodic survey. Correlationship analysis was performed between the number of culturable bacteria and environmental elements. In addition, an estimation of novel bacterial species was undertaken using the similarities and phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA gene. Results: The total plate count of culturable bacteria was on average $176CFU/m^3$, and did not exceed $610CFU/m^3$ in the atmospheric environment. Periodic monthly measuring of total plate count was highest in June at $293CFU/m^3$, while the lowest was in July at $125CFU/m^3$. Furthermore, as a result of the identification of culturable bacteria, the genera Arthrobacter and Kocuria were dominant, while novel bacterial taxa that belong to the genera Chryseobacterium and Herbiconiux were separated. Conclusion: The total number of culturable bacteria from the atmospheric environment in Korea is on average $176CFU/m^3$. In addition, the genera Arthrobacter and Kocuria dominate. The presence of novel bacterial taxa are expected in the atmospheric environment, such as belonging to the genera Chryseobacterium and Herbiconiux.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.55-60
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• 2002

In order to investigate the microbiological contamination of spring water, we performed the standard plate count, coliform and psychrotrophilic bacteria in 109 spring waters in Seoul. Of 109 spring waters, geometirc mean standard plate count was 0.19 CFU/ml, and the highest in Mt. Boolam, 4..43 CFU/ml and Mt. Dobong, 3.86 CFU/ml, but not detected in Mt. Woomyun and Mt. Cheonggye. Four spring waters have shown over 100 CFU/ml in standard plate count. The geometric mean psychrotrophilic bacteria was 49.2 CFU/ml, the most prevalent spring water was Mt. Nam, 125 CFU/ml, the lowest Mt. Woomyeun. Among a total of 109, coliform was detected from 21 spring waters(19.3%) and the geometric mean of coliform was 0.005 MPN/100ml. The isolated genera of coliform were 7 isolates of E. coli(33%), 5 Klebsiella(24%), 4 Enterobacter(19%), 3 Citrobacter(14%) and 2 Serratia(10%), respectively. The 22 spring waters(20.2%) failed to meet the standard limits of drinking water based on regulation in Korea. The inappropriate rate of standard plate count in spring water was 4.5%, that of coliform was 81.1% and both of them was 13.6%. There was the significant correlation between standard plate count and psychrotrophilic bacteria in spring water(r=0.95, p<0.01).

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2004

The shelf lift of market milk should be determined based on the flavor which is influenced by environmental and sanitary conditions of dairy farm, milk processing plant, and storage and transportation facility as well as compositional quality, such as protein and fat, of the milk itself. The legal shelf life of market milk is often limited by microbiological quality, e.g. total bacterial count, coliform count, and food poisoning bacteria. The bacteria involved with milk spoilage and poisoning are originated from bacteria contaminating milk after pasteurization or spores surviving the heat treatment of pasteurization. The important factors which influence the shelf life of market milk are microbiological quality of raw milk, pasteurization condition, post-pasteurization contamination, and temperature during storage and transportation. The organoleptic quality and shelf life of market milk should be further improved by satisfying the consumer's taste, which depends on somatic cell count and bacterial count of milk, feed quality, foreign substance in milk, and physical treatment during processing and transportation.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.41-43
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• 1995

Dry rehydratable film (Petrifilm) method was compared with the standard pate count (SPC) method for estimation of total bacteria in ginseng products. Ginseng products (7 sample) was analyzed for total count by the SPC, and Petrifilm methods, respectively. In the case of ginseng tea, ginseng extract, ginseng extract pill, ginseng powder capsule, and ginseng extract tea, they showed non-significant values at the 1% level. However, the values of ginseng powder and tablet showed significant at the 1% level. These results generally indicate the suitability of the dry rehydratable film methods as alternatives to the SPC method for estimating of total bacteria in ginseng product samples except to ginseng powder and ginseng tablet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.305-314
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• 1998

Microflora in 14 breast-fed(BF) and 15 formula-fed(FF) infants were investigated before (2-3 months after birth) and after weaning (5-7 months birth) to find the floral differences between the two lactation groups and the floral changes after weaning. Bifidolbacteria showed the highest count among the species of microflora in the BF group before and after weaning, but in the FF group, streptococci showed the highest count before weaning and bifidobacteria after weaning. Before weaning , the count of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and total acaerobes were significantly higher in the BF group than in the FF. However, the frequencies of clostridia and klesidella , along with the counts of streptococci and eubacteria, were higher in the FF group. After weaning , the only difference was that the total count of aerobic bacteria was higher in the BF group. The counts of streptococci in the BF group and lactobacilli and total anaerobes in the FF group after weaning were significantly higher than before weaning. However, the count of total aerobes in the FF group after weaning was significantly lower than the count before weaning.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.161-167
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• 2024

The demand for bottled water in South Korea is steadily increasing, but there are challenges regarding water sources and violations of water quality standards. Consumers struggle to identify products that do not meet these standards, highlighting the need for improved water management. This study aims to investigate the use of flow cytometry to identify microbial behavior in bottled water. Twelve different bottled water brands were selected for this study. A novel non-culture-based analysis method called total cell count via flow cytometry was utilized, which is not commonly used to assess drinking water quality. This method was compared to conventional culture-based methods for heterotrophic plate count and E. coli experiments, in order to introduce new indicators for hygiene management. Adenosine triphosphate analysis was also conducted to assess cell activity, and total organic carbon was measured to determine the presence of organic matter. The total cell counts varied among the different bottled water brands. The adenosine triphosphate levels ranged from 37.1ng/L to 221.7ng/L, while the total organic carbon ranged from 0.4 to 0.6 mg/L. Furthermore, E. coli was not detected in any of the bottled waters, and with the exception of two cases, the levels of heterotrophic bacteria did not exceed the drinking water standard of 100 CFU/mL. This study demonstrated a correlation between total cell count and heterotrophic plate count, suggesting that non-culture-based analysis could be valuable in promptly assessing microbial contamination, in contrast to the conventional methods that require approximately 48 hours for incubation.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2010

Indicator bacteria of fecal pollution were enumerated and compared by various detection methods for influent and final effluent of a sewage treatment plant. Total coliforms were enumerated by four methods including most probable numbers, chromogenic enzyme substrate test, membrane filtration, and plate counts and were about $10^4$ for influent and $10^2{\sim}10^3\;CFU/ml$ for final effluent. Fecal coliforms ranged between $10^3$ and $10^4$ for influent and $10^2\;CFU/ml$ for effluent by chromogenic enzyme substrate test and membrane filtration. Fecal streptococci counts were 1-log less than fecal coliforms counts, $10^2{\sim}10^3$ for influent and $10^1\;CFU/ml$ for effluent. Total coliforms numbers by plate count both in influent and in effluent showed 1-log higher than by the other three methods. Statistical analysis revealed that numbers of total coliforms by plate count in final effluent had the highest average of correlation (r=0.778, p<0.01) compared with those by the other three methods. In addition, total coliforms numbers by plate count showed most significant correlation (r=0.835, p<0.01) with those by chromogenic test which is well-known as its highest recovery efficiency. These results suggest that the plate count would be the optimum detection method for total coliforms in wastewater treatment plants which are the only microbiological standard of final effluent from wastewater treatment plants in the Republic of Korea, considering economic aspects and difficulties in laboratories.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.57-62
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• 1987

To obtain basic data for the decvelopment of Kimchi preservation method, optimal ripening Kimchi was air-packaged with polyethylene bag, and followed by the microbiological, firmness and sensory evaluations during storage at 5$^{\circ}C$. 1. Total aerobic count increased in the beginning of storage and then decreased slowly as the number of total Lactic bacteria(anaerobe) in creased. 2. Textural parameters were remarkably changed according to the elapse of storage period. 3. Sensory evaluation showed that the score was decreased considerably 10 days after storage.