• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.104-110
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• 2006

Corrosion has been around for all of recorded history. Cathodic protection is the electrical solution to the corrosion problem. Corrosion is not exactly a new topic. It has been around since the beginning of time. Corrosion is simply the loss of material resulting from current leaving a metal, following through a medium, and returning to the metal at a different point. Corrosion takes many forms and has various names, such as oxidation, rust, chemical, and bacteria action. Regardless of the agent, all corrosion is the result of electrical current flow. Various methods are used to treat corrosion or to try to prevent ti. Some of these include chemical treatment. coatings, and electrical current. Especially, proper impressed current can stop corrosive action on the protected surface. In this article, we introduce the Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP) Control and monitoring system developed by ourselves. The ICCP system is composed of a power supply, anode, reference electrode and controller. The main issue is to control the current flow on the desired value such that it is possible to force a metal to be more negative(cathodic) than the natural state. From the this process, we can achieve the cathodic protection. Of course, in the developed system, the necessary functions are possessed, such as remote control, monitoring of system fault detection etc. Some experimental results show the system performance and usefulness.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.17
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• pp.7437-7441
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• 2014

Background: Acceptability of self-sampling HPV testing is confirmed worldwide. However, some cultural differences may affect this question. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the acceptability of self-sampling HPV testing in Thai women. Materials and Methods: One hundred women aged 30-65 years with an intact cervix were included in this study. The participants were asked to do the Pap test by physicians and then brush type self-sampling instruments were assigned for self-collection and finally completed a questionnaire for acceptability evaluation. The questionnaire contains 2 parts. Part one covered general information of the participants and part two is the acceptability questions. Results: Mean age was 40.6 years. The incidence of high risk HPV detection in this study was 16%. The most common reason for doing Pap smear was for annual checkup. On the topic of ease of use, 85 % of the subjects agreed. Most of the participants (82%) reported that they felt less pain. However, reliability of the result was not satisfactory because 37% of the participants hesitated to rely on the results of the test. According to the price, if the price is less than 1,000 Baht (32.59 Baht = 1USD), 82% of the subjects would use it for their next screening. Conclusions: The acceptability of self-sampling device in this study is quite good but the reliability of the test was questioned by some of the participants. Moreover, the price of the test in Thailand may also influence the acceptability of the test.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.sup3
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• pp.59-64
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• 2016

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in females (27% of the total) and the main cause of death (16%) due to cancer in women in developed and developing countries. Variations in its incidence rate among geographical areas are due to various contributing factors. Since there have been a lack of studies on this topic in our country, the present spatial analysis of breast cancer incidence in Iran in 2009 was conducted using data from the national cancer registry system. The reported incidences of the disease were standardized according to the World Health Organization population and the direct method. Then data was inserted into the GIS software and finally, using the Hot Spot Analysis (Geties-Ord Gi), high-risk areas were drawn. Provinces with incidences 1.96 SD higher or lower than the national average were considered as hot spots or cold spots, at the significance level of 0.05%. In 2009, a total of 7,582 cases of BC occurred in Iran. The annual incidence was 33.2 per hundred thousand people. Our study showed that the highest incidence of BC in women occurred in the central provinces of the country, Tehran, Isfahan, Yazd, Markazi and Fars. The results of hot spots analysis showed that the distribution of high-risk BC was focused in central parts of Iran, especially Isfahan province (p <0.01). The other provinces were not significantly different from the national average. The higher incidence in central provinces may be due to greater exposure to carcinogens in urban areas, a Western lifestyle and high prevalence of other risk factors. Further epidemiological studies about the etiology and early detection of BC are essential.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.177-184
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• 2017

The abstract should concisely state what was done, how it was done, principal results, and their significance. It should be less than 300 words for all forms of publication. Recently social disasters have been occurring frequently in the increasing complicated social structure, and the scale of damage has also become larger. Accordingly, there is a need for a way to prevent further damage by rapidly responding to social disasters. Twitter is attracting attention as a countermeasure against disasters because of immediacy and expandability. Especially, collecting public opinion on Twitter can be used as a useful tool to prevent disasters by quickly responding. This study proposes a collecting method of Twitter public opinion through keyword analysis, issue topic tweet detection, and time trend analysis. Furthermore we also show the feasibility by selecting the case of humidifier disinfectant which is a social issue recently.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.6 no.12
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• pp.3315-3337
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• 2012

Crowded scenes analysis is a challenging topic in computer vision field. How to detect diverse motion patterns in crowded scenarios from videos is the critical yet hard part of this problem. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to mining motion patterns by utilizing motion information during both long-term period and short interval simultaneously. To capture long-term motions effectively, we introduce Motion History Image (MHI) representation to access to the global perspective about the crowd motion. The combination of MHI and optical flow, which is used to get instant motion information, gives rise to discriminative spatial-temporal motion features. Benefitting from the robustness and efficiency of the novel motion representation, the following motion pattern mining is implemented in a completely unsupervised way. The motion vectors are clustered hierarchically through automatic hierarchical clustering algorithm building on the basis of graphic model. This method overcomes the instability of optical flow in dealing with time continuity in crowded scenes. The results of clustering reveal the situations of motion pattern distribution in current crowded videos. To validate the performance of the proposed approach, we conduct experimental evaluations on some challenging videos including vehicles and pedestrians. The reliable detection results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 2006

The lifting scheme has been found to be a flexible method for constructing scalar wavelets with desirable properties. In this paper, it is extended to the UDAR data compression. A newly developed data compression approach to approximate the UDAR surface with a series of non-overlapping triangles has been presented. Generally a Triangulated Irregular Networks (TIN) are the most common form of digital surface model that consists of elevation values with x, y coordinates that make up triangles. But over the years the TIN data representation has become an important research topic for many researchers due its large data size. Compression of TIN is needed for efficient management of large data and good surface visualization. This approach covers following steps: First, by using a Delaunay triangulation, an efficient algorithm is developed to generate TIN, which forms the terrain from an arbitrary set of data. A new interpolation wavelet filter for TIN has been applied in two steps, namely splitting and elevation. In the splitting step, a triangle has been divided into several sub-triangles and the elevation step has been used to 'modify' the point values (point coordinates for geometry) after the splitting. Then, this data set is compressed at the desired locations by using second generation wavelets. The quality of geographical surface representation after using proposed technique is compared with the original UDAR data. The results show that this method can be used for significant reduction of data set.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.463-488
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• 2018

In the last decades, research efforts have been spent to investigate the effect of prestressing on the dynamic behaviour of prestressed concrete (PSC) beams. Whereas no agreement has been reached among the achievements obtained by different Researchers and among the theoretical and the experimental results for simply supported beams, very few researches have addressed this problem in continuous PSC beams. This topic is, indeed, worthy of consideration bearing in mind that many relevant bridges and viaducts in the road and railway networks have been designed and constructed with this structural scheme. In this paper the attention is, thus, focused on the dynamic features of continuous PSC bridges taking into account the effect of prestressing. This latter, in fact, contributes to the modification of the distribution of the bending stress along the beam, also by means of the secondary moments, and influences the flexural stiffness of the beam itself. The dynamic properties of a continuous, two spans bridge connected by a nonlinear spring have been extracted by solving an eigenvalue problem in different linearized configurations corresponding to different values of the prestress force. The stiffness of the nonlinear spring has been calculated considering the mechanical behaviour of the PSC beam in the uncracked and in the cracked stage. The application of the proposed methodology to several case studies indicates that the shift from the uncracked to the cracked stage due to an excessive prestress loss is clearly detectable looking at the variation of the dynamic properties of the beam. In service conditions, this shift happens for low values of the prestress losses (up to 20%) for structure with a high value of the ratio between the permanent load and the total load, as happens for instance in long span, continuous box bridges. In such conditions, the detection of the dynamic properties can provide meaningful information regarding the structural state of the PSC beam.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.173-185
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• 2019

Objective: To gather inputs from clinical experts on selecting and prioritizing research topics, to address unmet vaccine safety needs. Methods: A questionnaire containing 15 vaccine safety assessment research proposals was sent to 28 vaccine experts chosen from various domestic medical association boards, and the rationale for each of the proposals was provided by presenting the following information: 1) a brief summary of the clinical safety studies on the vaccine, conducted by the Clinical Immunization Safety Assessment (CISA) project group, supervised by the United States Center for Disease Control (U.S. CDC), and 2) a summary of recently published studies that address vaccine safety issues. The experts were instructed to select and rank 5 topics in the order of preference, and the preference score for each proposed topic was calculated by assigning points on a scale of 1 to 5. Results: All 28 experts responded to the questionnaire, and the following topics were selected according to their calculated preference scores: 1) Human papillomavirus vaccine safety profile in the Korean female adolescents; 2) A signal detection of adverse events following Influenza vaccination: comparison between the US and South Korea; 3) Incidence of anaphylaxis following National Immunization Program vaccines between 2008 and 2017; 4) Safety of quadrivalent influenza vaccines compared to trivalent influenza vaccines; and 5) Pneumococcal vaccine safety profile in the general population. Conclusion: Five research topics addressing vaccine safety were selected, for which well-constructed research protocols need to be promptly developed to address current unmet vaccine safety needs in South Korea.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.154-161
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in public recognition of parabens on Twitter and the research status of parabens related to toothpaste. Methods: Tweet information between 2010 and October 2016 was collected by an automatic web crawler and examined according to tweet frequency, key words (2012-October 2016), and issue tweet detection analyses to reveal changes in public recognition of parabens on Twitter. To investigate the research status of parabens related to toothpaste, queries such as "paraben," "paraben and toxicity," "paraben and (toothpastes or dentifrices)," and "paraben and (toothpastes or dentifrices) and toxicity" were used. Results: The number of tweets concerning parabens sharply increased when parabens in toothpaste emerged as a social issue (October 2014), and decreased from 2015 onward. However, toothpaste and its related terms were continuously included in the core key words extracted from tweets from 2015. They were not included in key words before 2014, indicating that the emergence of parabens in toothpaste as a social issue plays an important role in public recognition of parabens in toothpaste. The issue tweet analysis also confirmed the change in public recognition of parabens in toothpaste. Despite the expansion of public recognition of parabens in toothpaste, there are only seven research articles on the topic in PubMed. Conclusions: The general public clearly recognized parabens in toothpaste after emergence of parabens in toothpaste as a social issue. Nevertheless, the scientific information on parabens in toothpaste is very limited, suggesting that the efforts of dental scientists are required to expand scientific knowledge related to parabens in oral hygiene measures.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.111-118
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• 2022

In computer vision research, the two-dimensional human pose is a very extensive research direction, especially in pose tracking and behavior recognition, which has very important research significance. The acquisition of human pose targets, which is essentially the study of how to accurately identify human targets from pictures, is of great research significance and has been a hot research topic of great interest in recent years. Human pose recognition is used in artificial intelligence on the one hand and in daily life on the other. The excellent effect of pose recognition is mainly determined by the success rate and the accuracy of the recognition process, so it reflects the importance of human pose recognition in terms of recognition rate. In this human body gesture recognition, the human body is divided into 17 key points for labeling. Not only that but also the key points are segmented to ensure the accuracy of the labeling information. In the recognition design, use the comprehensive data set MS COCO for deep learning to design a neural network model to train a large number of samples, from simple step-by-step to efficient training, so that a good accuracy rate can be obtained.