• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.19-37
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to develop effective oral health education programs for mentally retarded children and promote their oral health, by offering oral health education for 45 mentally retarded children between age 6 to 20, tracking the change of their knowledge depending on the frequency of education, and examining the educational effect before and after oral health education. The children with mental retardation attended a special school for idiots in Gweonseon-gu, Suwon, Kyonggi Province, being able to take training(IQ 25-49). The education program was designed to be suitable for their cognitive power after consultation with a special school teacher. A teacher provided the same education seven times, once a week, and an interview was held with each of them to assess their correct answer rate. The findings of this study were as below: 1. The repeated oral health education served to have the children with mental retardation acquire better knowledge about harmful food for the teeth, what had to be done after eating cookies or candies between meals, the right time for toothbrushing, the concept of dental caries, and how to cope with dental caries(p<0.01). But after that education was offered four times, the frequency of that education made no difference. 2. The repeated oral health education increased, their knowledge on the role of the teeth and the right choice of toothbrush(p<0.01), yet there was no significant difference in their knowledge about oral health behavior, because they had already been familiar with that. 3. As a result of investigating the change of their oral health know-ledge before and after oral health education according to the type of handicap, the type of handicap made no significant difference to the change of their oral health knowledge. 4. The oral health education for the children with menial retardation had a significantly different effect on their knowledge about harmful food for the teeth, what had to be done after eating between meals, the right time for toothbrushing, the role of the teeth. the right choice and use of toothbrush, how to do toothbrushing, and fluorine(p<0.01).

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1081-1094
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to find out how to provide the correct information about toothbrushing and to promote oral health. Methods:A survey was conducted from December 2016 with 354 subjects who are over 20 years old in South Korea to find out the influence of the using toothbrush. The results are as follows. Statistical analysis of the collected data was performed using the SPSS WIN 21.0 statistical program. Results: After reviewing the result that the using toothbrush of oral health according to the general nature, the average score of the female $3.94{\pm}0.87$ was higher than the male, the highest average score of 50-59 age was $4.10{\pm}0.83$. As for the highest average score regarding martial status, the married group's score was $3.91{\pm}0.88$. After reviewing the factors affecting the toothbrushing, the age group of 50-59 has the highest using toothbrush and the more using toothbrush in oral health, the more using toothbrush. Conclusions: Systematic dental health education program is needed to increase the correct knowledge of time to replace the toothbrush among the public. Also it is needed to increase people's toothbrushing constantly by acquiring the information through SNS, AD, and mass media.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.521-534
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• 2007

The purpose of this study to provide base data of various dental hygiene management systems are necessary to improve the oral health of visitor oral prophylaxis practice units, investigating and analyzing the oral health behavior and awareness of 130 scaling patients who visited the oral prophylaxis practice units of J Health College from April to May of the year 2007. The following conclusions were obtained 1. 50% of them had more than 2 times of toothbrushing a day, and 45.5% had more than 3 times of toothbrushing a day. 2. Toothbrushing was done after having a breakfast in 75.4% and 71.5% brushed their teeth after having a dinner. As the time to brush teeth, 45.4% of the subjects spentless than 3 minutes and 39.2% of them spent less than 2 minutes, and 48.5% of them bushed their teeth in up and down directions and 43.8% used mixed approaches. 3. The usage period of a toothbrush lasted about 3 month in 33.1% and 26.2% used a toothbrush about 2 month, and 20% of the subjects had the experience of using dental floss or interdental brush. 4. 61.5% of the subjects had the experience of having scaling treatment. The frequency of scaling was found to be 38.5%. 5. As the cause of having caries of the teeth, 73.8% responded it as unfaithfully brushing and 50% the subjects considered smoking is very harmful to dental health. 6. The most important behavior for dental health was found to be not eating sugars that were pointed out by 75.4% of subjects. Based upon the above listed study results, various dental hygiene management systems are necessary to improve the oral health of patients who visit oral prophylaxis practice units, especially, the correct toothbrushing and periodic oral examination with preventive scaling were thought to be necessary.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 2001

This study was performed to collect basic data for the development of effective oral health education program of lower graders in elementary school. The subject in this study were 704 first-year, second-year and third-year in Hyoje elementary school. The authors collected the tissue where dental caries involved. the possibilities of dental caries prevention. cariogenic food and noncariogenic food. time and frequency of toothbrushing. size of using toothbrush, intake frequency of cariogenic food and the experience with visiting dental clinics, the purpose of visiting dental clinics and fear for dental treatment. The collected data were analyzed. The finding of this study were as follows: 1. Twenty-four percent of students had not correct understanding about the tissue which dental caries are involved. Eleven percent of students thought that it was impossible to prevent dental caries. 2. Sixty-four percent of student brushed their teeth before going to bed, and 63.0% of responded students brushed their teeth twice or more a day. Seventy-eight percent of students used small toothbrush. and there was a Significant difference of size of using toothbrush among the first, second and third graders(P<0.01). Sixty-nine percent of students intake cariogenic food once or more a day. 3. Eighty-six percent of students had experienced with visiting denial clinics. sixty-two percent of students visited dental clinics when they had a toothache. and there was a significant difference of the purpose of visiting dental clinics among the first. second and third graders(P<0.01). Seventeen percent of students responded that dental treatment is fearful there was a significant difference of fear for denial treatment among the first, second and third graders(P<0.05). 4. It was recommended that effective oral health education programs should be developed to increase toothbrushing after breakfast, to decrease intake frequency of cariogenic food, to increase frequency of visiting dental clinics regularly, and to reduced fear for dental treatment.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.255-263
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• 2004

One of the best way to prevent dental caries and periodontal disease is removing dental plaque. Toothbrushing is also one of the crucial ways to gel rid of dental plaque and improve dental hygiene. The purpose of th is study was to examine how many bacteria were attached to toothbrushes used by dental palque acidogenecity and related behaviors to toothbrush use. Subjects in this study were 30 college students in their twenties, on whom a survey was conducted to find out how they cleansed their toothbrushes, how long they cleaned toothbrushes after brushing, and how to keep them. And then dental palque acidogenecity by caries activity test was implemented and the number of bacteria attached to their toothbrushes was tested. The findings of the study were as follows : 1. Concerning correlations between dental palque acidogenecity and the number of remaining bacteria in the toothbrushes used by students, the number of bacteria was lower in the group of students with no caries activity than in the group with mild caries activity. 2. As for relations between the way of cleansing toothbrushes and the number of bacteria, there was no statistically significant gap between the group of students who wetted their toothbrushes with water and rubbed the heads of them and the group of students who just only wetted their toothbrushes with no further actions. 3. Regarding the relationship of toothbrush cleansing time to the number of bacteria, the number of bacteria was lower in the group of students who cleansed their toothbrushes for 15 seconds or more. 4. As to the influence of the number of toothbrush used by students, there was no significant difference between the group using just one toothbrush and the other group using two or more toothbrushes. 5. As for correlations between the way of keeping toothbrushes and the number of bacteria, no significant gap existed between the group thai kept their toothbrushes separately and the other that didn't.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.225-231
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between oral health habits and oral diseases in an attempt to raise awareness of the need for prolonged dental checkup projects and lay the foundation for oral health education and sustained oral health care projects. The subjects in this study were 2,643 workers from 76 workplaces in Siwha Industrial Complex in the city of Ansan, Gyeonggi province, who were at the age of 20 and up. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. Concerning the experience of visiting a dental clinic over the past year, 760 male workers (37.4%) and 237 females (38.9%) visited dental clinics in the past year. By age group, those who were in their 50s (54.0%) visited dental clinics the most, and the workers in their 30s (67.9%) paid a visit the least. The gap between the age groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). 2. In regard to the time for toothbrushing by age group, the workers in their 20s (64.6%) made up the largest group that brushed their teeth before breakfast, and those who were in their 60s and up constituted the greatest group that did toothbrushing after breakfast. The workers in their 20s brushed their teeth the least, as the rates of the workers of this age group who did toothbrushing after breakfast and dinner respectively stood at 64.0 percent and 54.5 percent. The disparities between the age groups were statistically significant (p < 0.001). 3. As for scaling experience for the past year, 302(46.0%) out of the workers who got their teeth scaled in the past year had periodontal diseases, and 1,600(80.6%) out of those who didn't suffered from periodontal diseases. The gap between them was statistically significant (p < 0.001). 4. Regarding the relationship of subjective oral health state to dental caries among the workers without dental caries, the largest group that numbered 327(54.1%) considered themselves to be in good oral health. In the event of the workers with dental caries, the greatest group that numbered 708(75.5%) found themselves to have one or more carious tooth(teeth). The disparity between them was statistically significant (p < 0.001). 5. As for connections between dietary habits and dental caries, those who had dental caries (2.29) showed a greater preference for snack than the others who hadn't (2.21). The preference for snack made a bigger statistically significant difference to dental caries than the other dietary habits (p < 0.05).

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.523-530
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• 2010

Objectives : In order to provide basic data necessary for developing oral health education plane for school continued oral health education by understanding knowledge and activities of oral health. Methods : This study was performed against 324 students at 5th grade of 2 elementary schools in Iksan-si, Jellabuk-do selected through convenience sampling, who were in mixed dentition period that might experience dental caries of permanent tooth. Results : As results, For the knowledge level on oral health by questions, it was found that the case that the elementary school students had correct knowledge on oral health was 'chocolates, snacks, and candies were foods that might often cause dental caries' and 95.8% of the students recognized it well. It was found that for 'must do toothbrushing before going to bed', 'during toothbrushing, I clean my tongue', and 'Proper time necessary for toothbrushing is about 3 minutes', 89.3%, 93.2%, and 89.3% of the students knew the, respectively. When oral health knowledge level by groups was divided into 3 groups and observed, they were classified into Low (0-4 points), Mid (5-7 points), and High (8-10 points). It was found that the knowledge level of each group was High 64.1%, Mid 33.9%, and Low 2.0% and it was identified that the high group took the largest ratio. It was suggested also for oral health knowledge level depending on their father's academic background that there was a statistically significant difference in the group higher than university graduate(p<.05). It was found for oral health knowledge level depending on parents' dental condition that an answer that both parents were good was high and there was a statistically significant difference. But post-analysis resulted that there was no apparent difference among groups. It was found that the ratio of respondents who answered for toothbrushing method 'toothbrush should be moved and rotated downward for the upper teeth and upward for the lower teeth to clean the teeth and gum' were 33.2% of male students and 29.4% of female students and showed statistically significant difference (p<0.05). It was found also that the ratio of respondents who answered to use a toothbrush for about 3 months' were 29.4% of male students and 25.5% of female students and showed statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusions : Oral health program through the elementary school students and their parents for the development of proper oral health care education programs continue to be made should be considered.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.419-426
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• 2013

This study was performed in order to suggest the basic informations about the proper oral health babits for kindergarten children, through the investigation of the oral health survey and their oral haelth behaviors. 213 of kindergarten children age 6 were surveyed who has lived at Daegu city and the examined data were analysed by use of spss 18.0 ver.program. The children who had performed the toothbrushing for 3 or 4 times a day, were estimated as high level in voluntary under taking of toothbrushing. It revealed that the low of the caries experience rate in the group of the sabiects who performed toothbrushing at every after meals. On the other hands, both the caries experience index of children who had perfomed toothbrushing with the rolling method and the dental plague index of children who had performed the toothbrushing just the morning time of the oral examination day, wer reveealed as high scores, due to the lack of the abilities to perform the toothbrusing with the proper method. It was needed to educate children for practical performing the toothbrush as well as for traning it with the right way, in order to promote the oral health for kindergarten children.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.271-278
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• 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of water fluoridation program(WFP) on dental caries prevention in Ulsan, Korea. Methods: The data of control group were extracted from 2012 Korean National Oral Health Survey(KNOHS). Since 1998, WFP was implemented in Ulsan. The subjects were 670 subjects including 10 to 12-years old children in 2009. The control subjects were 4,871 people in non-fluoridated metropolitan cities comparable to Ulsan. The control subjects were selected from 2012 KNOHS. A self-reported questionnaire was completed by the variables including oral health behaviors on daily frequency of toothbrushing, eating snacks and beverages. Oral health examination was carried out by two dentists who received a training in KNOHS with an inter-examiner-agreement. Caries preventive fraction was calculated by the difference of DMFT and DMFS index. The preventive effects of the WFP program were focused on gender, number of fissure sealed teeth, daily frequency of toothbrushing, eating snacks and beverages. Data were analyzed using SPSS $19.0^{(R)}$(SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) statistical package. Results: DMFT indices of 12-year-old subjects(n=670) in WFP and control population(n=4,871) were 2.11 and 1.23, respectively with an estimated prevention effect of 41.7%. Conclusions: WFP in Ulsan reduced the prevalence of dental caries. WFP should be recommended for the public oral health program in other metropolitan cities.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.427-434
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the elements to affect the usage of individual oral hygiene devices in adults by the age group, to make the community inhabitants keep their healthy dental hygiene status, and to provide them with the educational materials for the dental hygiene and the basic data for the program development. The purpose of the study is to investigate the relation ot use of oral hygiene devices in the adults. Methods: The subjects were 9,073 adults from the sixth KNHANES from January, 2013 to December, 2014. The study consisted of questionnaire survey and direct physical examination. The questionnaire included genral characteristics of the subjects and oral health characteristics. The general characteristics consisted of subjective perception of health and chronic diseases. The oral health characteristics consisted of subjective oral health perception, dental caries, periodontal disease, annual oral examination, toothbrushing, prosthetics, implant surgery, and use of individual oral hygiene devices. Results: Those within 40 to 64 years old were the top users of oral hygiene devices. They perceived their dental hygiene was normal because they did not have periodontal disease but most of them had dental caries. They used oral hygiene devices three times a day and brushed teeth more than three times a day. They took annual dental checkup. Conclusions: It is necessary to promote the use of oral hygiene devices to prevent the dental caries and periodontal disease. The continuous training for the dental hygienists is very important because the dental hygienists is the first line of the prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease.