• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.539-549
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• 2004

Mean death time of inoculated embryonated egg is one of the methods to determine the virulence of the Newcastle disease viruses (NDV). Evaluation of tissue tropism of NDV in the host has been proposed as an another way to determine the pathogenicity of NDV based on the principal site of viral replication. To evaluate the tissue tropism among NDV, an immunohistochemistry(IHC) technique using monoclonal antibody was applied in one-day-old SPF chickens inoculated with different ND vaccine strains such as Ulster 2C, VG/GA and B1 viruses by eye drop instillation. The tissues used for this comparison were trachea, intestine, Harderian gland and cecal tonsil, which were collected at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 14 days post inoculation. Among test groups, chickens inoculated with B1 viurs, which is known to replicate in the respiratory system, have IHC positive staining mainly in the trachea and those inoculated with Ulster 2C have IHC positive staining mainly in the intestine. However, chickens inoculated with VG/GA strain have IHC positive staining in both the trachea and intestine. Therefore, a differences in tissue tropism among ND vaccine strains has been proved by the IHC technique. Based on this results, the IHC staining technique could be used to classify the NDV or to study the pathogenesis of NDV in chickens.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.859-871
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• 1996

This study was conducted to elucidate the distribution of Aujeszky's disease viral nucleic acids and antigens in the central nervous system (CNS) of piglets. The first Korean isolate of Aujeszky's disease virus(ADV) that isolated from naturally infected piglets in Yang San, was inoculated into 32 day old piglets with $10^{5.9}TCID_{50}/ml$ through intranasal or intramuscular route. These piglets were sacrificed at every 24hrs for 8 days. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) was conducted to detect the viral antigens in paraffin-embedded tissue sections using avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method. The viral nucleic acids were detected by in situ hybridization (ISH) using ADV specific DNA probe labeled with digoxigenin. The ADV antigens were detected in reticuloendothelial cells of spleen, lymph nodes and tonsil, alveolar walls, leptomeningeal vascular walls, inflammatory foci of each organ, and nerve cells. The viral nucleic acids were detected in the spinal trigeminal nucleus and its tracts of the pons and medulla oblongata by the ISH technique. The pathways of AD viruses in CNS were determined by IHC and ISH. In the intranasally inoculated group, the viruses in nasal mucosa moved to medulla oblongata and pons through the trigeminal nerve. In case of intramuscullarly inoculated group, viruses moved to brain via lymphoid organs or spinal nerves from sciatic nerves.

• 임상이비인후과
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.190-197
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• 2018

Background and Objectives : Positional OSAS is characterized by an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) score >5, which, while sleeping in the supine position, is double that in non-supine position. This study was performed to compare the clinical characteristics of positional OSAS and non-positional OSAS patients, and the effects of the modified jaw thrust maneuver during drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) between positional OSAS and non-positional OSAS patients. Materials and Methods : 68 positional OSAS patients and 19 non-positional OSAS patients were included. They all underwent full-night polysomnography and DISE. The modified jaw thrust maneuver was introduced during DISE. Airway structural changes induced by the modified jaw thrust maneuver were evaluated and documented. Results : There were no statistically significant differences in Friedman stage or tonsil grade, body mass index, Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) score, blood pressure, AHI, or obstructive pattern between the positional and non-positional OSAS patients. However, mean arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), lowest SaO2, and total arousal index values were more severe in the non-positional OSAS patients. After introduction of the modified jaw thrust maneuver, retrolingual level obstruction showed a tendency toward a higher rate of airway opening in positional OSAS patients than in non-positional OSAS patients. Conclusions : The effects of a mandibular advancement device (MAD) can be estimated by carrying out a modified jaw thrust maneuver during DISE. The tendency toward a higher rate of airway opening in positional OSAS patients than non-positional OSAS patients in retrolingual level obstruction after jaw thrust maneuver introduced during DISE may be clinically important for MAD.

• Psychiatry investigation
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1174-1180
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• 2018

Objective Structural changes of brain areas have been reported in depressive disorder and suicidal behavior (SB), in which TPH1 also has been known as a promising candidate gene. We investigated gray matter volume (GMV) differences, TPH1 rs1800532 and rs1799913 polymorphisms previously found to be associated with depressive disorder and SB, and the relationship between the two markers. Methods Thirteen depressive disorder patients with suicidal attempts (SA) and twenty healthy controls were included. We examined GMV differences using a voxel-based morphometry and regions of interest analysis. Direct sequencing was used for genotyping. Results The patients showed significant GMV reduction in left cerebral region including middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and anterior cingulate cortex; in right middle temporal gyrus; in left cerebellar tonsil; and in right cerebral region including precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus (corrected p<0.005). The right precentral and postcentral gyri GMV values of AA and CA genotypes patients were significantly decreased compared to those of CC genotype subjects (corrected p=0.040). Conclusion These findings show the possibility that both GMV reductions and TPH1 rs1800532/rs1799913 A allele may be involved in the pathogenesis of depressive disorder patients with SA.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제82권3호
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• pp.729-736
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• 2021

다발성 원발성 악성 종양은 한 환자에서 2개 이상의 원발성 악성 종양이 각각 독립적으로 발생하는 경우를 말한다. 저자들은 78세 남자 환자에서 동시에 발생한 유방의 점액성 선암과 유방외 림프종의 증례를 경험하여 보고하고자 한다. 환자는 2개의 만져지는 덩이를 주소로 내원하여 외과적 생검을 통해 좌측 유방의 점액성 선암과 우측 서혜부의 미만성 거대 B세포 림프종을 확진하였다. 이후 수술 전 시행한 PET/CT에서 좌측 혀편도의 우연종이 발견되었고, 절제 생검을 통해 미만성 거대 B세포 림프종을 확진하였다. 유방암 환자에서 불특정한 림프절 비대가 발견되는 경우 전이성 병변으로 간주되기 쉬우나, 이 증례의 환자와 같이 고령의 환자군에서는 림프종을 감별 진단으로 함께 고려함으로써 오진 및 치료 지연을 방지할 수 있을 것이다.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.402-410
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• 2009

목적: 이 연구는 다양한 임상 적응증으로 시행된 전신 $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT 영상에서 구개편도의 비대칭적인 섭취 증가의 발견빈도와 악성여부를 조사하고, 악성병변을 시사하는 임상 및 PET/CT 영상소견들을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1년 동안 $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT를 시행한 2,901명(평균연령 $58.4{\pm}12.3$세, 연령범위 20~88세, 남성:여성=1,841:1,060)의 PET/CT영상에서 구개편도의 비대칭적 섭취증가 여부 및 형태를 육안적으로 분석하였다. 구개편도에 비대칭적인 섭취증가를 보이는 빈도와 악성률을 조사하였고 관련된 임상적 소견 및 PET/CT 영상에서 동반된 이상소견과의 연관성을 평가하였다. 결과: 2,901명 중 10.0%(291명)에서 구개편도에 비대칭적인 섭취증가를 보였으며 겨울에 가장 빈번하게 관찰되었다(12.1%). 임상 추적관찰 혹은 조직학적 검사를 통해 최종적으로 악성여부가 확인된 209명 중 2.4%(5명)가 악성병변으로 진단되었고 불규칙한 두개편도의 섭취증가나 경부림프절의 섭취증가 소견이 동반된 경우, 원발미상의 경부림프절전이 환자에서 PET/CT를 시행한 경우 악성률이 높았다. 결론: 전신 $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT에서 우연히 관찰되는 구개편도의 비대칭적인 섭취증가는 대부분이 양성으로 악성률은 낮았다. 그러나 원발미상의 경부림프절 전이환자나 PET/CT에서 구개편도의 섭취증가가 불규칙할 경우에는 악성의 가능성이 높기 때문에 적극적인 조직학적 검사가 필요하리라 생각된다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.181-189
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• 1979

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 수도(水稻)의 파종(播種) 및 이앙기(移秧期)를 달리하고 시비량(施肥量)에 차이(差異)있는 조건(條件)에서 Japonica계(系) 품종(品種)과 통일계품종(統一系品種)을 대상(對象)으로 생육시기별(生育時期別) 수도체(水稻體)의 형성(形成)과 영양상태(營養狀態)를 주요성분(主要成分)의 화학분석(化學分析)을 통(通)하여 비교(比較) 검토(檢討)하고 소요(所要) 삼요소량(三要素量)을 추정(推定)하며 이들과 수도(水稻)의 수량(收量)및 수량구성요소(收量構成要素)와의 관계(關係)를 해명(解明)하여 안정(安定)된 증수(增收)를 위한 시비기술(施肥技術)의 기초적자료(基礎的資料)를 확립(確立)하고저 설계(設計)되었으며 그의 일부(一部)로서 수량(收量) 및 수량구성요소(收量構成要素)에 미치는 영향에 대하여 얻은 결과(結果)를 보고(報告)한다. 1. 간장(稈長)은 질소수준(窒素水準)이 높아짐에 따라 커지는 경향(傾向)이었으며 통일계품종(統一系品種)에서는 보통시비구(普通施肥區)와 다량시비구간(多量施肥區間)에 큰 차이(差異)가 없었다. 2. 수장(穗長)은 무비구(無肥區)에 비(比)하여 보비(普肥)및 다비구(多肥區)가 높았으나 그 경향(傾向)은 현저(顯著)하지는 않았다. 3. 질소수준(窒素水準)이 높아짐에 따라 수수(穗數)도 증가(增加)하였으며 Japonica형(型) 품종(品種)이 통일계(統一系)의 것보다 큰 반응(反應)을 보였다. 4, 수당입수(穗當粒數)는 통일계품종(統一系品種)에서는 무비(無肥)에 비(比)하여 보비(普肥)및 다비구(多肥區)에서 현저(顯著)히 높았으며 Japonica형(型) 품종(品種)에서는 그 변이폭(變異幅)이 좁았다. 5. 1,000입중(粒重)은 적기이앙(適期移秧)에서는 시비수준간(施肥水準間)에 유의성(有意性)이 없었으나 만기이앙(晩期移秧)의 경우에는 점차(漸次) 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)이 있다. 6. 등숙율(登熟率)은 적기이앙(適期移秧)에서는 질소수준간(窒素水準間), 품종간(品種間)의 어느 경우에도 유의성(有意性)이 없었으나 만기이앙(晩期移秧)에서는 질소수준간(窒素水準間) 및 품종간(品種間)에 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었다. 7. 수량(收量)에 대하여는 질소(窒素)의 수준간(水準間), 품종간(品種間)에 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)을 보였으며 통일계품종(統一系品種)에서는 다비구(多肥區)보다 보비구(普肥區)에서 더 높은 수량(收量)을 보였다. 8. 고중(藁重)은 질소수준(窒素水準)이 높아짐에 따라 커지는 경향(傾向)을 보여 통일계품종(統一系品種)에서는 보비구(普肥區)와 다비구간(多肥區間)에 큰 차이(差異)가 없었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 1993

벼 4 품종(品種)(금강(錦江)벼, 밀양(密陽) 23호(號), 추청벼, 칠성(七星)벼)을 무질소구(無窒素區), 질소적량구(窒素適量區), 다질소무가리구(多窒素無加里區) 등(等) 3 수준(水準)의 시비처리(施肥處理)로 수원(水原)(중서부(中西部) 평야지대(平野地帶)), 이천(利川)(중부(中部) 내륙지대(內陸地帶)) 및 계화도(界火島)(부안군(扶安郡), 차령남부(車領南部) 평야지대(平野地帶))에서 재배(栽培)하여 수확(收穫)한 벼를 조제(調劑)하여 얻은 정조(正租), 현미(玄米), 백미(白米)의 형태적(形態的) 특성(特性) 변화(變化)를 조사(調査)하였다. 질소시비증가(窒素施肥增加)는 정조(正租)의 입장(粒長) 증가(增加)와 백미(白米)의 폭(幅)/두께 비(比)를 감소(減少)시켰고 질소(窒素)의 과소(過少), 과다시용(過多施用)은 천립중(千粒重)을 감소(減少)시켰다. 계화도(界火島)에서 생산된 벼의 입폭(粒幅)과 입(粒)두께는 다른 지역(地域)에서 생산된 벼보다 적어서 장(長)/폭(幅) 비(比)나 장(長)/두께 비(比)가 컸다. 무질소(無窒素)와 다질소무가리(多窒素無加里) 처리(處理)는 천립중(千粒重)을 감소(減少)시켰다. 정조(正租)의 왕겨비율(比率)은 질소시비량(窒素施肥量) 증가(增加)에 따라서 감소(減少)한 반면(反面) 현미(玄米)의 쌀겨비율(比率)은 일정(一定)하였다. 이 결과(結果)는 쌀의 정상적(正常的)인 발육(發育)을 위해서 일정비율(一定比率)의 쌀겨층(層)이 필요(必要)함을 암시(暗示)하고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2007

Objectives : A voxel based investigation of cerebral blood flow was conducted to identify functional differences during resting state between children with early-onset schizophrenia and normal controls. Methods : 19 children and adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia(8 boys and 11 girls, mean age $14.0{\pm}1.7$ years old) and 17 comparison children(13 boys and 4 girls, mean age $11.0{\pm}1.9$ years old) were examined by HMPAO-SPECT. The SPECT images were compared using statistical parametric mapping analyses, controlling for age and sex. Results : Increased cerebral blood flow in left medial and inferior frontal gyrus, right superior and middle frontal gyrus, both inferior temporal gyrus, and right cerebellar tonsil was found in children and adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia compared to control subjects. In addition, decreased cerebral blood flow in right thalamus, left posterior cingulate gyrus, right anterior cingulate gyrus and relatively wide areas from left medical frontal gyrus to superior parietal lobule were found in children and adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia compared to control subjects. Conclusion : The results of the current study provide additional evidences for brain areas involving the onset of schizophrenia in early age.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.20-28
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• 2012

Introduction: The objective of this research was to determine the incidence of oral cancer in Korea. Materials and Methods: The classifications of oral and maxillofacial cancer (OMFC) that we used are based on possible locations of OMFC: lip, tongue, mouth, salivary glands, tonsil, oropharynx, nasopharynx, hypopharynx, pharynx unspecified, and nose, sinuses. Results: 1) There were 2,848 OMFC cases, accounting for 1.6% of all cancers. The male to female ratio was 2.72:1. 2) The estimated crude rates (CRs) were 5.7 overall, 8.4 for males, and 3.1 for females. The age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) were 4.6 overall, 7.3 for males and 2.3 for females. 3) The incidence of mouth cancer was highest. The mouth and salivary glands were the most frequent sites for cancer among males and females, respectively. 4) Patients who were 40 years or older accounted for 91% of OMFC cases, with the highest proportion of cases in the 60-69 year-old age group for both sexes. 5) Tongue cancer was the most prevalent OMFC overall. Nasopharyngeal cancer was highest among males, and salivary gland cancer was highest among females. 6) From 2004 to 2008, the relative 5-year survival rate of OMFC patients was 57.5%. There was a trend of increasing survival among OMFC patients during the study period. The survival rate for females (69.3%) was much higher than that for males (53.1%). Conclusion: Social and personal efforts should be required to increase the survival rates of OMFC patients and Korean national cancer management policy should establish new measures for economic and social management and support.