• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to (1) establish a Korean adult normative data for Iowa Oral Performance Instrument, (2) investigate the characteristics of maximal tongue and lip strength and tongue endurance scores according to age and gender, and (3) examine the correlation of those scores. The results showed that there were no significant differences of gender in maximal tongue strength and tongue endurance scores. But there were significant differences of age in maximal tongue and lip strength and tongue endurance scores. The data will provide an important database for speech language pathology with the purpose of diagnosis and treatment of tongue and lip dysfunction.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.96-106
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• 2019

Background: Factors affecting oral function include tooth number, oral muscle strength, and oral diseases. This study aimed to investigate the relationship among oral environment, muscle, and microbiology. Methods: Fifty-six elderly individuals in a day care center were included in the study. The survey regarding tongue and lip muscle strength and oral microorganisms was conducted from November to December 2018. Results: Tongue and lip muscle strength were greater in men than women (p>0.05). Tongue muscle strength was greater in the ${\leq}80-year-old$ group ($34.94{\pm}9.85$) than the ${\geq}90-year-old$ group ($25.57{\pm}7.54$) (p<0.05). Tongue muscle strength and lip muscle strength were greater in the ${\geq}15$ functional teeth group ($34.08{\pm}9.31$ and $9.25{\pm}1.63$, respectively) than in the <15 functional teeth group ($28.08{\pm}7.53$ and $7.76{\pm}1.51$, respectively) (p<0.05). Age was significantly correlated with functional tooth number, denture use, and tongue muscle strength. The number of functional teeth was positively correlated with tongue muscle strength, lip muscle strength, and oral microorganisms. Denture use was negatively correlated with tongue and lip muscle strength. Tongue muscle strength was significantly correlated with lip muscle strength. The number of Eubacterium nodatum was higher in men than women. The number of Parvimonas micra and Enterococcus faecalis was higher in the groups with ${\geq}15$ functional teeth, denture use, and greater tongue and lip muscle strength. The number of Lactobacillus casei was higher in the group that uses dentures and with greater tongue strength. Conclusion: Oral microbiology is more important in oral environment and management than oral muscle function. The correlation between oral muscle and oral microorganism requires further study. Therefore, oral care training should be conducted to improve the oral care practice of elderly individuals, maintain oral health through oral care, and prevent the decrease in saliva secretion by aging.

• 음성과학
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2005

The purpose of the present study were (1) to assess differences in tongue performances and speech intelligibility between normal and dysarthric speakers; and (2) to analyze the possible interrelationships between tongue strength, range of motion, and speech intelligibility in dysarthric patients. In order to measure maximum strength of anterior and lateral tongue strength, a force transducer has been designed. And a ruler was used for guaging range of motion. 'Word intelligibility test' was administered to each group. The results were analyzed by a quantitative statistical method(t test, Pearson product- moment correlation, and one-way ANOVA). The results were as follows; (1) dysarthric speakers showed significantly poorer performance than the normal in the tongue strength, range of motion, and speech intelligibility tasks; (2) the correlation between speech intelligibility and instrumental tongue performance was high in the dysarthric group; and (3) instrumental assessment was coincide with perceptual judgement of dysarthric tongue performance. The present investigation demonstrated that tongue weakness is causally related to articulation deficits in dysarthric. The clinical use of the force transducer would help a speech pathologist to quantify the degree of tongue weakness.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.156-166
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• 2017

본 연구는 만성 뇌졸중 환자들을 대상으로, 혀의 객관적인 수치로 측정할 수 있는 기계(Iowa Oral Performance Instrument, IOPI)를 사용하여 혀의 최대 저항 훈련프로그램을 수정하고, 혀 정확도 훈련을 추가한 프로그램을 적용하여 혀 근력과 구어기능에 미치는 효과를 비교하고자 실시하였다. 뇌졸중으로 진단받은 입원 및 외래환자를 각각 20명씩 실험군인 혀 저항정확도훈련 치료군과 대조군인 구강안면운동 치료군으로 나누어 각 치료를 대상자들에게 총 4주간 30분씩, 주 5회 실시하였고, 혀 근력과 구어기능 능력을 변화를 알아보기 위해 중재 전, 후에 혀 전방거상 압력(Anterior Tongue Pressure; ATP), 혀 후방거상 압력(Posterior Tongue Pressure; PTP), 최대발성시간(Maximum Phonation Time; MPT)을 측정하였다. 본 연구의 결과 중재 전 후 혀 저항정확도훈련 치료군과 구강안면운동 치료군의 혀 근력과 구어기능은 유의하게 향상하였으나, 두 군 사이의 비교에서 혀 저항정확도훈련 치료군과 구강안면운동 치료군 간의 혀 근력과 구어기능의 변화량은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 따라서 혀 저항정확도훈련이 기존 구강안면운동 치료보다 혀 근력 및 구어기능 향상에 효과적이지는 않은 것으로 나타났다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between the strength of the tongue/lip strength and speech production for dysarthric adults with cerebral palsy. The maximal tongue and lip strengths of 22 normal adults, 27 dysarthric adults (10 adults with mild dysarthria, 10 adults with moderate dysarthria, and 7 adults with severe dysarthria) were measured with Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). The percentage of correct consonants (PCC) and speech intelligibility were calculated from the words and sentences spoken by the subjects. The results of the study are as follows: First, both the maximal tongue and the maximal lip strength differed significantly between the control group and the group with dysarthria. While the group with mild dysarthria did not show meaningful difference in maximal tongue and lip strengths from the control group, the group with moderate and severe dysarthria showed significantly weaker tongue and lip strength than the control group and the group with mild dysarthria. Second, the current study suggests the existence of a significant correlation between the maximal tongue and lip strength and the PCC and speech intelligibility within all subjects with dysarthria. These findings can serve as an effective foundation to diagnose dysarthria quickly and accurately. The results of this study also indicate that in addition to the maximal tongue strength, the maximal lip strength can prove to be an important index in predicting the speech intelligibility of dysarthric adults with cerebral palsy.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to verify the usefulness and practicality of the program in the daily life of the elderly by performing a three-dimensional tongue muscle exercise for the elderly to identify the dysphagia, swallowing ability, and tongue pressure. Methods: The subjects of the study were 29 elderly people aged 65 or older living in Busan, divided into a oral exercises group and tongue strength training program combined with oral exercises group, and operated 16 times for 8 weeks twice a week, and the pre and post-program evaluation was conducted in the 1st and 8th weeks. For variable selection, 7 general characteristics, 5 oral health-related characteristics, 5 Likert scale for swallowing disorder, repetitive swallowing ability test for swallowing power measurement, and tongue pressure measurement was used. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS window program 25.0 version (IBM), general characteristics and homogeneity tests, oral health-related characteristics and homogeneity tests were chi-square test, swallowing disorder, swallowing ability, and change in tongue pressure were paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test for swallowing disorder and changes in swallowing ability and tongue pressure, and Spearman's correlation for the relationship between swallowing disorder and swallowing ability and tongue pressure. Results: As a result of tongue strength training program combined with oral exercise, both relieve swallowing disorder and improve low eating and tongue pressure than oral exercise, and the difference in improvement effects of both relieve swallowing disorder, swallowing ability, and tongue pressure is higher. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it is believed that simple and practical oral muscle function reinforcement products and practical use are needed, and institutional devices to seek oral health promotion programs for the elderly are needed.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.605-613
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• 2016

본 연구는 삼킴장애가 있는 만성 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 혀 근력 및 정확도 훈련이 혀 근력, 삼킴기능, 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 알고자 하였다. 삼킴장애가 있는 만성 뇌졸중 환자 18명이 본 연구에 참가하였으며, 실험군과 대조군으로 9명씩 무작위 배정되었다. 두 군은 전통적 삼킴장애 치료를 수행하였고, 실험군은 혀 근력 및 정확도 훈련을 추가적으로 수행하였다. 혀 근력 및 정확도 훈련은 아이오와 구강수행기구를 이용하여 수행하였으며, 최대 등척성 혀 근력의 50%, 75%, 100%로 설정하여 수행하였다. 두 군은 8주간 주 5회 치료를 받았다. 결과측정은 혀 근력을 측정하기 위하여 아이오와 구강수행기구를 사용하여 최대 등척성 혀 근력을 평가하였으며, 삼킴기능을 측정하기 위하여 삼킴기능 검사로 평가하였다. 삼킴과 관련된 삶의 질을 측정하기 위하여 삼킴-삶의 질 척도를 사용하였다. 연구결과, 두 군 간 변화량 비교에서 실험군은 대조군보다 혀 앞 뒤쪽의 근력과 삼킴기능에서 유의한 향상을 보였다(p<0.05). 삶의 질은 두 군간에 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 본 연구의 결과를 통하여 혀 근력 및 정확도 훈련은 삼킴장애가 있는 만성 뇌졸중 환자의 혀 근력과 삼킴기능에 효과적인 중재방법으로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.161-172
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between oral function, oral environment, and brain cognitive function in the elderly. Methods: The subjects were 60 users of senior community center and elderly day care center. The survey was conducted from November to December 2018. Subjects were assessed by oral examination and myofunction test. Oral myofunction was measured using $IOPI^R$ and Lip de $Cum^R$. Survey data were analyzed using the statistical programs of PASW Statistics ver. 18.0. Results: Tongue muscle strength and lips muscle strength was higher in males than in females. The tongue and lip strengths were higher in the <81 years old group than the ${\geq}81$ years old group. Functional tooth analysis showed that there was a ${\geq}15$ teeth group ($40.91{\pm}7.36$) and a <15 teeth group ($32.52{\pm}7.14$). Lip muscle strength analysis showed that the ${\geq}15$ teeth group ($10.54{\pm}3.40$) was higher than the <15 teeth group ($8.20{\pm}2.41$, p<0.05). Tongue muscle strength, lumbar muscle strength, and functional tooth number were lower in the elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Cognitive function was significantly correlated with functional tooth number (r=0.386, p<0.001), tongue strength (r=0.478, p<0.001), and lip strength (r=0.281, p<0.05). Tongue strength was significantly correlated with lip strength (r=0.360, p<0.001) and functional tooth number (r=0.633, p<0.001). Lip strength was significantly correlated with functional tooth number (r=0.376, p<0.001). Conclusions: These results showed that age and functional tooth number influenced oral muscle strength and that the number of functional teeth and oral muscle strength were low in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment. Oral myofunction training and oral care program are suggested to improve the quality of life of the elderly.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.5-16
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• 2021

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of an oral exercise program including whole-body exercises on oral function in older people. Methods: The participants (aged ≥65 years) were divided into three groups: intervention group I (only oral exercise), intervention group II (oral exercise with whole-body exercises), and control group (no intervention). The oral health status, saliva flow rate, and oral muscle strength were evaluated. Analyses were performed to compare the three groups and identify the changes in the aforementioned parameters before and after the program. Results: The saliva flow rate significantly increased in intervention groups I and II after the program. Oral muscle strength evaluation using the Iow a oral performance instrument showed that the anterior tongue strength increased significantly in intervention group I; the posterior tongue strength and cheek strength also increased but not significantly. The anterior tongue, posterior tongue, and cheek strengths significantly increased in intervention group II. Conclusions: The oral exercise program including whole-body exercises showed positive effects on the saliva flow rate and oral strength. No significant differences were observed in the quality of life related to oral health.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.279-287
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• 2019

Background: Increasing age and loss of teeth weaken oral muscle strength. This study aimed to investigate the positive effects of orofacial myofunctional training on elderly people. Methods: Thirty six elderly individuals in a welfare center and a senior citizen center were included in this study. A survey regarding lip and tongue strength suvsequent to orofacial myofunctional training and oral health-related quality of life was conducted from April to June, 2019. Data were analyzed using PASW statistics ver. 18.0. Results: The experimental group, showed an increase in lip strength (from 9.79 to 10.31) and tongue strength (from 41.26 to 43.97) after orofacial myofunctional training. The perception of oral health-relatedquality of life was enhanced (from 2.26 to 2.07). In particular, the frequency of dry cough for food removal while swallowing decresed due to an incresed in the secretion of saliva (p<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the number of functional teeth was positively related to oral health-related quality of life. Conclusion: Orofacial myofunctional training for improving lip and tongue strength is effective in the elderly. In older societies, oral strength should be maintained to improve oral health-related quality of life. It also suggests the interest of oral health workers and applying orofacial myofunctional training programs.