• Speech Sciences
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.139-155
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• 2007

Old Korean regulated poems have a typical prosodic structure characterized by a pitch contour. This work applies Jun's finding in Seoul Korean(Jun 1993, 2000, 2005) to old Korean regulated poems, and reports some other significant phonetic characteristics, arguing that old Korean regulated poems have a regular rhythm based on the pitch contour implementing the typically hierarchical prosodic structure. The major prosodic units defined are a foot, a phrase, and a line. Next, this work proposes pitch contour characterizing prominence in a unit, boundary tones, and pauses at the boundary position, as the basic and significant cues of rhythm of a Korean poem. Specifically, some significant characteristics are discussed as follows: first, the tonal pattern of a foot is HL, starting high and ending low; second, the lowering boundary tones of HL% and L% are perceived at the end of a phrase and a line; and finally, a gradient degree of pause is observed at each unit-final position.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2003년도 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집
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• pp.671-677
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• 2003

Two-dimensional direct numerical simulation of the edge-tones by the finite difference lattice Boltzmann method (FDLBM) is presented. We use a new lattice BGK compressible fluid model that has an additional term and allow larger time increment comparing the conventional FDLBM, and also use a boundary fitted coordinates. We have succeeded in capturing very small pressure fluctuations result from periodically oscillation of jet around the edge. That pressure fluctuations propagate with the sound speed. It is clarified that the sound wave generated in rather wide region and individual vortices do not affect the sound wave propagation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.970-981
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• 2002

The purpose of the study is to clarify orange image in the modern fashion. So kinds of costume sample being visual power in orange have been selected from photographs in fashion magazines and divided into the tones : mist(Vp, Lgr, L), bright(P, B), vivid(S, V, Dp). The study was measured by using 27 semantic differential hi-polar scales. The subjects were 50 female students majoring in clothing and textiles, The data was analyzed using the statistical SPSS package. The data were collected using self-administred questionnaires and analyzed by Cronbach $\alpha$, Factor analysis, MDS, ANOVA Sheff test and Regression analysis. The major findings of this research were as follows. 1. Factor analysis has extracted 4 factors of orange image in the fashion. These factor are Attractiveness, Audacity, Hardness and Softness, Cuteness. 2. There were significant difference in visual evaluation of tones. 3. The discrimination among tones was related to cuteness and weight of orange. 4. The image effect on Preference, Buying needs, Pleasant and Riches was consist of complicated sensibility.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.144-157
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• 2000

This study was done to understand nonpharmacologic pain management for pediateric patients and nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward it. The aim of this study was that which method did the patient's use according to the nurses' age, and how did they effectively use these methods in their field. The subjects of this study were 77 nurses working in the Pediatric unit in the Kyung Medical Center from September 2 to 15, 1999 using questionnaire form. The results of this study were as follows : 1. We divided the subjects into four groups : Younger than one year old, 1-6 years, 6-12 years, 12-18 years group. In the group younger one year old, most of the nurses participating in this study used speaking in soft quiet tones, supportive touch, toys, pacifiers. In the group of 1-6 years, they used speaking in soft quiet tones, toys, distracting attention, story talking, and visual stimulus. In the group of 6-12 years. they used pop-up books, providing information, cold therapy, speaking in soft quiet tones, supportive touch. In the group of 12-19 years, most of them used providing information, controling respiration and supportive touch. 2. The effective nursing intervention used in their field are speaking in soft quiet tones, pacifiers and nesting with blanket in the group of younger than one year old. Un the group of 1-6 years old, speaking in soft quiet tones, toys, and supportive touch were effective method in the control of nonp-harmacologic pain management. In the group of 6-12 years old, story talking, supportive touch, and speaking in soft quiet tones were effective method and in the group of 12-18 years old, providing information, cold therapy and supportive touch were effectively used to control nonpharmacologic pain management. 3. To compare the general characteristics and non-pharmacologic pain nursing intervention, in the group of younger than one year, touching stimuli is widely used. In the groups of 1-6, and 6-12 years old, visual and audio method were widely used. In the group of 12-18 years old, sensitive intervention were used as well as education, information and guided imagery. In conclusion, there was no significant difference in nurses' demographic characteristics, child's age and nonpharmacologic pain management. There was significant difference only in the nurses working area, that is nurses working in the surgical department used more audio-visual-tactile pain management methods than medical department.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.11-15
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• 1986

In this paper, we consider the validity of a human probabilistic learning model applied to the perdiction of errors associated with the absolute identification of tones. It is shown that the probabilistic learning model describes the human error process adequately. The model parameters are estimated by two methods which are the method of maximum likelihood, and the method of mement. The MLE version of the model has the better predictive power but the ME version is more readily obtainable and may be more practical.

• MALSORI
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• 제38호
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• pp.25-39
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• 1999

Korean intonation has been investigated mainly from the point of view of impressionistic phonetics and phonology. The purpose of this paper is to investigate Korean intonation especially nuclear tones, from the point of view of experimental phonetics. Since what we hear is not always the always as what we see in fundamental frequency contours, acoustic characteristics of Korean nuclear times are first discussed Based m quantitative data similar nuclear times are compared and the relationship between the nuclear ton and sentence type is investigated The relationship between the nuclear tone and the speaker's attitude is also discussed.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 대한음성학회 1996년도 10월 학술대회지
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• pp.548-553
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• 1996

The sentence-final rising tones of interrogatives in Seoul dialect are contrastive at lesat in two groups. One is H-type which ends in a lower pitch, the other HH-type ending in a higher one. But they are different in terms of inclinational value, also. And the latter is more adequate criterion than the former which would be available in an ideal condition.

• MALSORI
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• 제40호
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• pp.51-63
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• 2000

There are sentences where sentence stress is imposed on a specific word. These sentences are called 'focused sentences'. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the variation of pitch, duration, amplitude in focused words. It is noted that pitch of a focused word is higher than that of unfocused words irrespective of the accentual pattern, and that contour tones such as HL or LH are realized longer when these tones appear in focused words. Not only the noun but also the following particle like '-boda' is higher when these words are in focus. Hence pitch is proved to be the most salient prosodic feature of the focused sentence.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 한국음향학회 1994년도 FIFTH WESTERN PACIFIC REGIONAL ACOUSTICS CONFERENCE SEOUL KOREA
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• pp.879-884
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• 1994

This paper reports on several experiments carried out to find the effects of intensity difference on duration discrimination in pairs of pure tones. Pure-tone signals were presented with the modification of amplitude and duration. Duration-discrimination thresholds for the musical tones and the signals that were varied in amplitude were investigated together with those of the fixed signals. From the results, it was found that the duration discrimination tasks are affected by an intensity difference of 20 phons.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.53-77
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• 2012

This study analyses the difference of contents and tones of arguments among three Korean major newspapers, the Kyunghyang Shinmoon, the HanKyoreh, and the Dong-A Ilbo. It is commonly accepted that newspapers in Korea explicitly deliver their own tone of arguments when they talk about some sensitive issues and topics. It could be controversial if readers of newspapers read the news without being aware of the type of tones of arguments because the contents and the tones of arguments can affect readers easily. Thus it is very desirable to have a new tool that can inform the readers of what tone of argument a newspaper has. This study presents the results of clustering and classification techniques as part of text mining analysis. We focus on six main subjects such as Culture, Politics, International, Editorial-opinion, Eco-business and National issues in newspapers, and attempt to identify differences and similarities among the newspapers. The basic unit of text mining analysis is a paragraph of news articles. This study uses a keyword-network analysis tool and visualizes relationships among keywords to make it easier to see the differences. Newspaper articles were gathered from KINDS, the Korean integrated news database system. KINDS preserves news articles of the Kyunghyang Shinmun, the HanKyoreh and the Dong-A Ilbo and these are open to the public. This study used these three Korean major newspapers from KINDS. About 3,030 articles from 2008 to 2012 were used. International, national issues and politics sections were gathered with some specific issues. The International section was collected with the keyword of 'Nuclear weapon of North Korea.' The National issues section was collected with the keyword of '4-major-river.' The Politics section was collected with the keyword of 'Tonghap-Jinbo Dang.' All of the articles from April 2012 to May 2012 of Eco-business, Culture and Editorial-opinion sections were also collected. All of the collected data were handled and edited into paragraphs. We got rid of stop-words using the Lucene Korean Module. We calculated keyword co-occurrence counts from the paired co-occurrence list of keywords in a paragraph. We made a co-occurrence matrix from the list. Once the co-occurrence matrix was built, we used the Cosine coefficient matrix as input for PFNet(Pathfinder Network). In order to analyze these three newspapers and find out the significant keywords in each paper, we analyzed the list of 10 highest frequency keywords and keyword-networks of 20 highest ranking frequency keywords to closely examine the relationships and show the detailed network map among keywords. We used NodeXL software to visualize the PFNet. After drawing all the networks, we compared the results with the classification results. Classification was firstly handled to identify how the tone of argument of a newspaper is different from others. Then, to analyze tones of arguments, all the paragraphs were divided into two types of tones, Positive tone and Negative tone. To identify and classify all of the tones of paragraphs and articles we had collected, supervised learning technique was used. The Na$\ddot{i}$ve Bayesian classifier algorithm provided in the MALLET package was used to classify all the paragraphs in articles. After classification, Precision, Recall and F-value were used to evaluate the results of classification. Based on the results of this study, three subjects such as Culture, Eco-business and Politics showed some differences in contents and tones of arguments among these three newspapers. In addition, for the National issues, tones of arguments on 4-major-rivers project were different from each other. It seems three newspapers have their own specific tone of argument in those sections. And keyword-networks showed different shapes with each other in the same period in the same section. It means that frequently appeared keywords in articles are different and their contents are comprised with different keywords. And the Positive-Negative classification showed the possibility of classifying newspapers' tones of arguments compared to others. These results indicate that the approach in this study is promising to be extended as a new tool to identify the different tones of arguments of newspapers.