• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.65 no.2
• /
• pp.130-141
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine which fermented liquid fertilizer and application method yields the greatest amount of growth in red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum MILL.) plants. Additionally, we investigated which extraction methods produce the most effective fertilizer with the highest levels of mineral nutrients. The liquid fertilizers used in this study were made from fish, bone and fish meal, red pepper leaves, and oil cake, and were extracted using fermentation or water and boiled water. In tomato plants, foliar-application of fermented fertilizer is known to promote more growth than application by drenching, regardless of the number of treatments (once or twice). In our studies, however, drenching with fertilizer promoted growth more effectively than foliar-application in red pepper plants. Studies in both tomato and red pepper have shown that the number of treatments does not significantly alter growth. Liquid fertilizers produced by a fermentation-extraction method promoted greater levels of growth in tomato compared to red pepper, and growth was greater when fertilizers were applied 20 (rather than 40) days post-sowing. Red pepper and tomato shoot fresh weight were affected more by fermented fertilizers than plant height 20 days post-sowing. In red pepper, we observed increased shoot fresh weight when using fermented liquid fertilizers with concentrations of 0.1% or greater. Tomato shoot fresh weight increased similarly in response to fermented fertilizer treatments at the same concentration levels, except those derived from fish. Fermented fish liquid fertilizer was only effective in increasing tomato shoot fresh weight in concentrations exceeding 1%. Red pepper and tomato shoot fresh weight also increased more than plant height in our studies using fermentation liquid fertilizers at 40 days after sowing. Red pepper fresh weight increased with application of bone + fish meal, red pepper leaf, and oil cake fertilizers at concentrations of 0.1%, but not with fish liquid fertilizer in concentrations under 0.5%. Shoot fresh weight in tomato increased with all liquid fertilizers. Growth in red pepper and tomato may be influenced by different kinds of fertilizers due to combinations of macro- and micro-nutrients, or specific macro-nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium. The mineral nutrients found in fish, bone and fish meal, red pepper leaves, and oil cake were not easily extracted by fermentation; thus, liquid fertilizers made using water and boiled water methods more effectively promoted growth in red pepper and tomato due to the larger amounts of macronutrients eluted.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.213-220
• /
• 1995

These experiments were conducted to clarify the effects of residues of quinclorac on several follow-up crops of paddy rice and Solanaceae species and to know the concentrations causing the phytotoxicity to several crops. Among them, the extent of injury in barley was smaller than that of other crops, whereas those of tomato plant and egg plant were higher. Tomato plant turned out to be the most sensitive to quinclorac in hydroponics. When tomato plant was treated with quinclorac at the concentration less than 10ppb in soil, the plant height, the root length, the number of fruits and the fresh weight of fruits increased, but they decreased at the higher concentrations than that. The responses of reproductive organs were very sensitive to quinclorac; the number of fruits and fresh weight of fruits decreased rapidly at the concentration higher than 10ppb. On the contrary, the responses of the vegetative organs were relatively small. The content of chlorophyll in leaves decreased when tomato plant as treated with quinclorac. The content of soluble protein in leaves decreased at high concentrations of quinclorac above 100ppb but it increased at low concentrations. However, the content of soluble sugar in leaves increased as quinclorac was treated increasingly.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.302-308
• /
• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate occurrence and host ranges of Liriomyza trifolii Burgess, American serpentineleafminer, in Chonnam province. Also, temperature effects on the development along with morphologicalcharacteristics in each instar of L. trifolii were studied. L. hifolii was observed from 22 species inthe 7 families. Gerbera, chrysanthemum and tomato were the most damaged host plants. Egg was transparentwhite with lengthlwidth of 0.27 mm10.25 mm while matured larva was yellow with that of 2.03 mm10.80 mmrevealing serpentine gallary under leaf cuticle. Pupa was light brown with that of 1.75 mrn10.74 mm and pupatedon the soil and/or leaf surface. Lengthlwing span of adult was 1.78 mm/3.43 mm. Number of oviposition/sucking punches by L. bifolii adult was 26.1% and 13.3% in tomato and gerbera leaves respectively. Feedingactivity of larval stage was highest at 2OoC. Developmental~threshold (DT) and effective accumulative temperatures(ET) on gerbera leaves were 11.2"C, 33.9DD in egg, 10.3'C, 38.6DD in larva, 10.7"C, 152.3DD inpupa, and 10.8"C, 222.8DD from egg to pupa. On tomato leaves, DT and ET were 13.6"C, 20.2DD in egg, 9.3"C, 43.7DD in larva, ll.O$^{\circ}$C, 114.3DD in pupa, and 11.6"C 178.2DD from egg to pupaDD in pupa, and 11.6"C 178.2DD from egg to pupa pupa.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.708-714
• /
• 2002

A new leaf blight was found on the perilla leaves at the major perilla-cultivating areas such as Kangdong in Busan and Miryang in Kyungnam province. Symptoms of the disease initially appeared on the edge of perilla leaves showing black necrosis and drying, and the infected leaves were finally fell down. The SD1 isolate showing strong pathogenicity and forming abundant conidial spores on the diseased lesions was isolated. Among the tested media, mycelial growth was abundant on PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) medium at $25^{\circ}C$ under dark condition, but conidial formation was greater on V8A (V-8 juice A8ar) medium than that on PDA medium. Optimal temperatures for mycelial growth and conidial formation on PDA medium were respectively $25^{\circ}C$ and 3$0^{\circ}C$. The rate of conidial germination and the elongation of germ tube were more effective in 10% tomato juice than those in PDB (Potato Dextrose Broth) and sterile water. In 10% tomato juice, the rate of conidial germination and the length of germ tube were 100% after incubation for 24k and 535.2${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ after incubation for 36hr, respectively. According to the result of pathogenicity, it revealed that conidial suspention with 10% tomato juice was the most effective for pathogenicity test showing as 100% of disease incidence, and the symptoms caused by artificial inoculum were same as those of naturally infected perilla. In this study, the SD1 isolate according to the results of morphological characteristics, the incubation characteristics and pathogenicity was firstly identified A. alternata, and named as leaf blight of perilla.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.167-173
• /
• 2014

This research was conducted to establish appropriate methods to prune tomato side stems during summer. Cherry tomatoes "Unicorn" (Monsanto Korea, Korea) were grown in the coir based growing medium, and irrigation was controlled time based system. There were three pruning treatments: 1) removing all side stems (ACUT), 2) remaining two leaves on the side stems right below any cluster (PCUT), and 3) remaining two leaves on all side stems (LEFT). Experimental results showed that the occurrence of swollen stems, a symptom of nutrient excess, was influenced by side stem pruning due to blocking of consumption of photosynthetic products. The photosynthetic rate was not different between leaves on main stem and those on side shoots. Therefore the differences in the total amounts of photosynthetic products seemed to come out from the differences in leaf areas on each treatments, influencing on fruit yield difference. The yields and harvesting rates were better in ACUT treatment when tomato plants were harvested until $5^{th}$ cluster, however tomato yield was higher in LEFT treatment when more then $5^{th}$ clusters were harvested.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.29 no.12
• /
• pp.1975-1981
• /
• 2019

Recently, outbreaks of food-borne diseases linked to fresh produce have been an emerging public health concern worldwide. Previous research has shown that when human pathogens co-exist with plant pathogens, they have improved growth and survival rates. In this study, we have assessed whether Escherichia coli O157:H7 benefits from the existence of a phytopathogenic bacterium and the underlying mechanisms were further investigated. When Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) and E. coli O157:H7 were co-inoculated by either dipping or infiltration methods, the populations of E. coli O157:H7 increased; however, no effect was observed when type three secretion system (T3SS) mutants were used instead, suggesting that E. coli O157:H7 benefits from the presence of Pst DC3000. In addition, this study confirmed that the E. coli O157:H7 populations increased when they occupied the tomato leaf intercellular space; this colonization of the interior of the leaves was possible due to the suppression of the PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) by Pst DC3000, in particular with the AvrPto effector. In conclusion, our data support a plausible model that E. coli O157:H7 benefits from the presence of Pst DC3000 via AvrPto suppression of the PTI resistance.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.199-207
• /
• 2018

Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is a whitefly-transmitted and phloem-limited crinivirus. In 2013, severe interveinal chlorosis and bronzing on tomato leaves, known symptoms of ToCV infection, were observed in greenhouses in Korea. To identify ToCV infection in symptomatic tomato plants, RT-PCR with ToCV-specific primers was performed on leaf samples collected from 11 tomato cultivating areas where ToCV-like symptoms were observed in 2013 and 2014. About half of samples (45.18%) were confirmed as ToCV-infected, and the complete genome of 10 different isolates were characterized. This is the first report of ToCV occurring in Korea. The phylogenetic relationship and genetic variation among ToCV isolates from Korea and other countries were also analysed. When RNA1 and RNA2 are analysed separately, ToCV isolates were clustered into three groups in phylogenetic trees, and ToCV Korean isolates were confirmed to belong to two groups, which were geographically separated. These results suggested that Korean ToCV isolates originated from two independent origins. However, the RNA1 and RNA2 sequences of the Yeonggwang isolate were confirmed to belong to different groups, which indicated that ToCV RNA1 and RNA2 originated from two different origins and were reassorted in Yeonggwang, which is the intermediate point of two geographically separated groups.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.361-365
• /
• 2004

Chitin and its derivatives have been introduced to tomato seedlings by direct mixing of chitin, chitosan, or chitooligosaccharides (CO) with soils, watering of chitosan or CO solutions to soils, or chitosan-coating of tomato seeds as a biomodulator of plant growth, and the growth of tomato plants was measured 30- and 45-day after seeding in the pots. The treatment of chitin and its derivatives promoted the growth of tomato plants in plant heights, shoot weight, maximum leaf length and number of leaves. By comparison in the contents of cellular inorganic nutrients in the plants, it was found out that chitin or chitosan treatments accelerated nitrogen and potassium uptake but inhibit calcium uptake, suggesting that chitin and its derivatives modulate absorption of inorganic nutrients through plant roots from environment.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.377-387
• /
• 2016

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a member of the genus Begomovirus, is one of the most important viruses of cultivated tomatoes worldwide, mainly causing yellowing and curling of leaves with stunting in plants. TYLCV causes severe problems in sub-tropical and tropical countries, as well as in Korea. However, the mechanism of TYLCV infection remains unclear, although the function of each viral component has been identified. TYLCV C4 codes for a small protein involved in various cellular functions, including symptom determination, gene silencing, viral movement, and induction of the plant defense response. In this study, through yeast-two hybrid screenings, we identified TYLCV C4-interacting host proteins from both healthy and symptom-exhibiting tomato tissues, to determine the role of TYLCV C4 proteins in the infection processes. Comparative analyses of 28 proteins from healthy tissues and 36 from infected tissues showing interactions with TYLCV C4 indicated that TYLCV C4 mainly interacts with host proteins involved in translation, ubiquitination, and plant defense, and most interacting proteins differed between the two tissues but belong to similar molecular functional categories. Four proteins-two ribosomal proteins, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, and 14-3-3 family protein-were detected in both tissues. Furthermore, the identified proteins in symptom-exhibiting tissues showed greater involvement in plant defenses. Some are key regulators, such as receptor-like kinases and pathogenesis-related proteins, of plant defenses. Thus, TYLCV C4 may contribute to the suppression of host defense during TYLCV infection and be involved in ubiquitination for viral infection.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.16 no.2 s.75
• /
• pp.240-244
• /
• 2006

We present a fast and simple protocol for purification of mitochondria, mitochondrial DNA, and RNA from small amounts of tomato leaves. This method uses a high ionic strength medium to isolate mitochondria and extract mitochondrial DNA and RNA from a single preparation and is easily adaptable to other plant species. Mitochondria was confirmed by MitoTracker. The mitochondrial DNA was not contaminated by plastid DNA, was successfully used for PCR. Similarly, the isolated mitochondrial RNA was not contaminated only slightly contaminated (leaves) by plastid RNA. RNA prepared according to our method was acceptable for RT-PCR analysis