• Mycobiology
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.147-153
• /
• 2018

Certain beneficial microorganisms isolated from rhizosphere soil promote plant growth and induce resistance to a wide variety of plant pathogens. We obtained 49 fungal isolates from the rhizosphere soil of paprika plants, and selected 18 of these isolates that did not inhibit tomato seed germination for further investigation. Based on a seed germination assay, we selected four isolates for further plant tests. Treatment of seeds with isolate JF27 promoted plant growth in pot tests, and suppressed bacterial speck disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pathovar (pv.) tomato DC3000. Furthermore, expression of the pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1) gene was higher in the leaves of tomato plants grown from seeds treated with JF27; expression remained at a consistently higher level than in the control plants for 12 h after pathogen infection. The phylogenetic analysis of a partial internal transcribed spacer sequence and the b-tubulin gene identified isolate JF27 as Aspergillus terreus. Taken together, these results suggest that A. terreus JF27 has potential as a growth promoter and could be used to control bacterial speck disease by inducing resistance in tomato plants.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농업기계학회 1993년도 Proceedings of International Conference for Agricultural Machinery and Process Engineering
• /
• pp.840-849
• /
• 1993

In this paper, it is reported that manipulator and hand-required for harvesting tomato were studied. At first, basic physical properties of tomato plant were investigated such as position of fruit, length of stems and leaves, width between ridges and son on . Secondly , basic mechanism of articulate manipulators with 5 to 7 degree of freedom were investigated by using evaluation indexes such as operational space, measure of manipulatability , posture diversity and so on. From the results, an articulate manipulator with 7 degrees of freedom was selected and the manipulator was manufactured as a trial according to the mechanism. Thirdly , physical properties about fruit and peduncle of tomato were also researched such as diameter, length , picking force and so on. Based on the properties , tomato harvesting hand with absorptive pad were also made as a trial. Finally, after the hand was attached to the manipulator, harvesting experiment was done in greenhouse . It was observed th t the robot could harvest satisfactorily , not only since the robot adapted to physical properties of tomato plant was manufactured but also since phyllotaxis of tomatoes was so methodical that all fruit clusters emerged in the same direction.

• 한국식물병리학회지
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.371-375
• /
• 1998

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cultivars including NC 82 and KF 114, and Datura stramonium, Physalis floridana, Gomphrena globosa, and Chenopodium spp. were added to the previous host plants tested for the further examination on the biological characteristics of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) strains isolated from tobacco (TMV-Common), tomato (TMV-Tomato), and pepper (TMV-Pepper), In TMV-Tomato and TMV-Pepper, different symptoms were noted in P. floridana (no symptom development), and NC 82 (local lesion production on the inoculated leaves) from TMV-Common with which systemic mosaic symptoms were developed. Local lesions were developed in KF 114, D. stramonium, G. globosa, and Chenopodium spp by TMV-Common and TVM-Tomato, while no symptom was observed in KF114 and G. globosa. Also the number and size of local lesions were smaller in KF 114 than Xanthi-nc tobacco (local lesion host) infected with TMV-Tomato. Systemic necrosis was induced in Xanthi-nc and KF 114 when infected with TMV-C at high temperature, but not with the other strains.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.173-176
• /
• 2006

The relationship between source leaf position and photo-assimilate translocation and distribution was characterized for tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) grown in the greenhouse. Three different positions of source leaf on the stem (first node above or below the first fruit cluster and $5^{th}$ node above the first fruit cluster) were tested for their influence on $^{14}CO_2$ assimilation and transfer to different parts of the plant. The leaves at the $5^{th}$ node above the first fruit cluster transferred the highest (57%) proportion of $C^{14}$ to other plant parts, followed by leaves home on the first node below the first fruit cluster (50%), and the first node above the first fruit cluster (39%). In all treatments, fruits served as the strongest sink for $C^{14}$, followed by stem, leaf, and root tissues. The leaf home on the $5^{th}$ node above the first fruit cluster transferred the largest amount of $C^{14}$ to the second fruit cluster.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국식물병리학회 1999년도 임시총회 및 추계 학술발표회
• /
• pp.15.1-15
• /
• 1999

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제45권5호
• /
• pp.787-791
• /
• 2012

펩타이드는 Asp, Glu, Leu을 주요 구성 아미노산으로 하는 한우 혈청을 단백질 분해효소로 분해 후 한외여과를 거쳐 제조하였다. 단백질 분해효소는 alcalase, esperase, flavourzyme, protamex를 이용하였고 alcalase가 가장 좋은 분해력을 나타내어 폡타이드 생산을 위한 혈청 분해에 활용하였다. 한우 혈청으로부터 분리한 펩타이드와 킬레이트 결합한 칼슘 (chelate-Ca)과 게르마늄 (chelate-Ge)을 방울토마토에 적용하여 흡수 변화를 확인하고자 시험을 수행하였다. Chelate Ca을 500, 1,000, 2,000배로 희석하여 방울토마토 재배에 적용한 결과, 처리 농도 및 횟수 증가에 따라 엽과 과실의 칼슘함량이 다소 증가하여 대조처리 Calciolid Ca-300 (3409.1, $67.5mg\;kg^{-1}$)이 Chelate Ca-200 (3781.1, $78.0mg\;kg^{-1}$) 보다 처리농도가 높음에도 불구하고 그 함량이 낮아 킬레이트 칼슘의 흡수율이 더 많았다. Chelate Ge을 50, 100, 200배로 희석하여 적용한 결과, 방울토마토 엽의 게르마늄 함량이 처리 농도가 높을수록 많아져 대조구와 Ge $132^{(R)}$-20 보다 모든 처리구에서 2배 이상의 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 본 연구를 통해 펩타이드와 킬레이트 결합한 칼슘과 게르마늄을 방울토마토에 시용할 경우 그 흡수율이 증가되는 것을 확인하였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.140-143
• /
• 2003

본 연구는 지금까지 제시된 여러 가지 간이 식물영양 진단 방법들 중 test strip과 chlorophyll meter의 이용가능성을 검토하고 실제 이용 방안을 모색하고자 수행되었다. 본 실험에서는 양액의 N, P, K수준을 달리하여 토마토를 재배하면서 생육시기별로 specific color difference sensor value (SCDSV), 엽병 즙액 중 $NO_3,\;PO_4,\;K$의 함량을 측정하였다. 실험 결과 양액중 N, P, K의 농도 변화에 따른 엽병 즙액 중 $NO_3,\;PO_4,\;K$ 함량 변화가 엽 중 total-N, E, K함량의 변화보다 더 민감하였다. Test strip을 이용하여 측정한 토마토 엽병 즙액 중 $NO_3,\;PO_4,\;K$ 함량은 엽 내 total-N, E, K의 농도와 고도의 일차상관관계를 나타내었다. 지금까지 여러 연구를 통해 확립된 토마토의 엽 중 total-N, E, K의 적정 함량을 희귀식에 대입하여 구한 즙액의 적정 $NO_3,\;PO_4,\;K$의 함량은 각각 3.4-5.9, 0.3-0.5, 3.6-6.5 g/l였다.. Chlorophyll meter를 이용하여 측정한 SCDSV는 엽 중 total-N와 높은 상관관계를 나타내었으며 기존에 연구된 토마토의 엽 중 total-N 함량을 희귀식에 대입하여 계산한 결과 적정 SCDSV는 36.0-40.0이었다. 본 연구 결과 test strip과 chlorophyll meter는 토마토의 신속한 영양 진단에 이용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제46권6호
• /
• pp.652-658
• /
• 2013

A huge number of greenhouse soils in Korea have accumulated mineral elements which induce many nutritional and pathological problems. The present study was performed to the effects of the reduced fertilization on plant growth, and uptake and partitioning of minerals (N, P, K) and soluble carbohydrates using highly minerals-accumulated farmer's greenhouse soil. On the basis of the recommended application for tomato crop, the application rates of N, P and K were 110(50%)-5.2(5%)-41.5(35%)kg $ha^{-1}$, respectively, using Hoagland's nutrient solution. Tomato growth rates during the whole experiment were not significant between treatments, but it was found that a decrease in daily growth represented after 60 days of treatment (DAT). The reduced application led to a drastic decrease in the concentration of N, P and K in fruits, and, thus, this resulted in lower uptake after 40 DAT. The lower phloem export and utilization of soluble carbohydrates caused an accumulation of extra-carbohydrates in leaves, stems and fruits in the reduced application. The reduced fertilization induced the capture of N, P and K in leaves and of soluble carbohydrates in stems compared to the conventional application. In this study, we suggest that it is possible to delay the first fertigation time in minerals-accumulated soils without an adverse impact on crop growth, but it is necessary to regularly monitor mineral status in soil to ensure a balanced uptake, synthesis and partitioning of minerals and carbohydrates.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제45권6호
• /
• pp.910-919
• /
• 2012

The role of inorganic nitrogen assimilation in the production of amino acids, organic acids and soluble sugars is one of the most important biochemical processes in plants, and, in order to achieve normally, nitrate uptake and assimilation is essential. For this reason, the characterization of nitrate assimilation and metabolite composition from leaves, roots and xylem sap of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) was investigated under different nitrate levels in media. Tomato plants were grown hydroponically in liquid culture under five different nitrate regimes: deficient (0.25 and 0.75 mM $NO_3{^-}$), normal (2.5 mM $NO_3{^-}$) and excessive (5.0 and 10.0 mM $NO_3{^-}$). All samples, leaves, roots and xylem sap, were collected after 7 and 14 days after treatment. The levels of amino acids, soluble sugars and organic acids were significantly decreased by N-deficiency whereas, interestingly, they remained higher in xylem sap as compared with N-normal and -surplus. The N-excessive condition did not exert any significant changes in metabolites composition, and thus their levels were similar with N-normal. The gene expression and enzyme activity of nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NIR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) were greatly influenced by nitrate. The data presented here suggest that metabolites, as a signal messenger, existed in xylem sap seem to play a crucial role to acquire nitrate, and, in addition, an increase in ${\alpha}$-ketoglutarate pathway-derived amino acids under N-deficiency may help to better understand plant C/N metabolism.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제44권5호
• /
• pp.767-772
• /
• 2011

토마토 수경재배시 양액의 pH가 높은 조건에서도 철이 불용화 되지 않고 pH에 안정적인 킬레이트 철의 선택, 3종의 토마토 묘종 (라피토, 레드요요, 수퍼선로드)에서 엽의 철 결핍 증상시 Fe-DTPA 철 공급에 의한 철 결핍 회복 소요시간과 철 결핍 유발물질 유전자를 구조 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 양액의 pH가 6.0, 7.0 및 8.0 수준에서 양액 중 철의 농도가 $2.0mg\;L^{-1}$로 되게 각각 3종류 (Fe-EDTA, Fe-DTPA, Fe-EDDHA)의 킬레이트 철을 처리한 결과 Fe-DTPA와 Fe-EDDHA 형태의 철은 불용화가 거의 없었지만 Fe-EDTA 는 양액의 pH가 7.0 일 때 철 함량은 $1.72mg\;L^{-1}$, 8.0일 때 철 함량은 $1.51mg\;L^{-1}$로 25% 정도 불용화가 일어났다. 철 결핍이 발생된 3종의 토마토 묘종에 Fe-DTPA 킬레이트 철 $2.0mg\;L^{-1}$ 농도의 양액을 공급하였을 때 토마토 엽의 엽록소와 철 함량이 정상으로 회복되는데 소요시간은 라피토 품종은 7일, 레드요요와 수퍼선로드 품종은 5일 소요되었다. 유전적 수준에서 철의 생합성에 관여하는 heme oxigenase의 발현은 Fe-DTPA $2.0mg\;L^{-1}$ 처리 24시간 이내에 라피토와 레드요요는 정상적인 수준으로 회복되었으나 수퍼선로드는 처리시간의 경과에 따라서 현저한 차이가 없었다.