• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.159-167
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• 2014

In eukaryotes, proteins that are secreted into ER are post-translationally modified by N-glycosylation, the patterns of which are significantly different between plant and animal cells. Biotechnology industry has already produced a number of therapeutic glycoproteins in plant cells. However, the aberrant glycosylation of therapeutic recombinant proteins in plant systems can cause immune problems in humans. Therefore, it is important to develop strategies for producing non-glycosylated forms to preserve biological activity and native conformation by a peptide: N-glycanase (PNGase). In this study, we try to isolate PNGase T gene from tomato, which can use as a platform plant for biotechnology industry. We isolated a cDNA (GenBank Accession number KM401550) from tomato leaves with 1,767 bp, which encoded a polypeptide of 588 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 65.8 kDa. We also investigated the expression patterns of PNGase T during fruit ripening of tomato. The transcripts of PNGase T, which were constitutively induced in tomato fruit from green stage, were significantly increased and reached a peak at orange stage. After which, those transcripts were continuously reduced. The expression pattern of PNGase T was coincided well with transcripts profiles of metacaspase gene, LeMCA, and senescence-related gene members of ACC synthase, LeACS2, LeACS4, and LeACS6, for ethylene biosynthesis during fruit ripening. These results suggest that PNGase T is involved in a de-glycosylation process associated with senescence and fruit ripening.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2011

One hundred Capsicum accessions were screened for symptomatic response and resistance to Tomato spotted wilt virus-pb1 (TSWV-pb1). Symptom and its severity rating were checked by visual observation at 9, 12, 14, and 45 days after inoculation, respectively. Enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay was performed all tested individuals on non-inoculated upper leaves after the third rating to indentify viral infection. Leaf curling was predominant in almost susceptible individuals of each accession. Stem necrosis was most frequent in wild species while yellowing in commercial hybrids and Korean land race cultivars. Ring spot, a typical symptom of TSWV, was rarely detected in some of a few accessions. Different levels of resistance to TSWV-pb1 were observed among the tested accessions. High level of resistance was detected in 4 commercial cultivars of Kpc-35, -36, -57, and -62, and 8 wild species of PBI-11, C00105, PBC076, PBC280, PBC426, PBC495, PBC537, and PI201238 through seedling test by mechanical inoculation.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.414-423
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• 2016

Growers in plug seedling production think that root media in which rockwool is a component has given rise to several environmental problems. Therefore, the demand for new materials as a substitute for rockwool has been increased. This study examined the possibility of cultivation of tomato plug seedlings using a newly developed growing medium with phenolic foam. Plug seeds of tomato cultivar 'Madison' were sown in four pellet-type growing media: Grodan rockwool (GRW), UR rockwool (URW), phenolic foam LC (LC) or phenolic foam LC-lite (LC-lite). Then, the seedlings were transplanted to the four cube-type growing media 19 days after sowing. Seeds were germinated in a growth chamber ($25{\pm}2^{\circ}C$, 80% relative humidity, and dark) for 4 days and then the seedlings were grown with a nutrient solution supplied by an overhead irrigation system in a greenhouse. Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, and fresh or dry weight of tomato seedlings were the greatest for the seedlings transplanted to URW cube media after being grown on LC-lite pellets. Root grade was the greatest for the seedlings transplanted on LC or LC-lite cube media after being grown on LC pellets. Chemical properties of all media tested for tomato growth were maintained within a stable range, while physical properties of URW showed high values in container capacity, air space, and total porosity. These results demonstrated that the phenolic foam media were effective for seedling growth and can substitute for rockwool as a root medium.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.361-366
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• 1995

A virus was isolated from petunia (Petunia hybrida Vilm.) plants showing chlorotic ring spots on the leaves and color breaking on the flowers, and was identified as petunia asteroid mosaic virus (PAMV). Identification of the PAMV was established by host range test, electron microscopy, serological reaction, and physical properties of the virus. In the host range test, Nicotiana glutinosa, N. rustica, N. clevelandii, P. hybrida, Gomphrena globosa, and Chenopodium amaranticolor were systemically infected with the virus. The virus produced local lesions on inoculated leaves of N. tabacum‘Samsun’, N. tabacum‘Xanthi nc’, Datura stramonium, Vigna unguiculata‘White eye’, C. quinoa, Capsicum annuum, Vicia faba, and Lycopersicon esculentum‘Rutgers’. However, Cucurbita sativus and C. moschata did not show any symptoms. PAMV particles were isometric with 30 nm in diameter. The crude sap from G. globosa infected with the virus reacted positively with antiserum to tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) in agar gel double diffusion test. Thermal inactivation point of the virus was 8$0^{\circ}C$ and the virus retained its infectivity at the dilution of 10-4. Longevity in vitro of the virus was estimated longer than 35 days.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 2009

This experiment was performed to understand the relationship between uptake of Fe and Mn by plants, red pepper and tomato, and soil physico-chemical properties under different soil conditions at an environmentally controlled chamber in NAAS(National Academy of Agricultural Science) in 2008. After the dipping for 3 days, four treatments, dipping, dipping+aeration, drainage, drainage+aeration, were set up to investigate the changes in soil redox potential and moisture content. Drainage+aeration changed soil to the oxidation condition from 72 hrs of treatment, and soil moisture content was immediately reduced after treatment. Uptake of Fe and Mn of red pepper was investigated with two treatments, soil only and the mixed[soil(50%) : bed soil(35%) : bark(15%)]. Red pepper leaves taken at 30 days after treatment absorbed excessively Mn from the treatment of soil only and the mixed, and thus uptake of iron was strongly reduced. Also, uptake pattern of Fe and Mn of tomato was examined with four treatment, soil only, soil(50%) + rice straw(50%), soil(50%) + compost(50%) and soil + aeration. Contents of Fe and Mn in tomato leaves was measured at 60 days after treatment. Fe content was the greatest in soil(50%) + compost(50%) whereas Mn content was the highest in soil only. As a result of this experiment, plant growth was stronger influenced by soil moisture content than redox potential or porosity, and the oxidation status of soil was likely to promote that plant predominantly absorbed Mn from soil and thus resulted in Fe deficiency.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.284-288
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• 2005

This study was conducted to clarify the effects of supplying methods of selenium on the growth and Se uptake of hydroponically grown tomato plants. Tomato seeds (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. cv. Momotaro T-93, Daki Seed Co.) were sown in plug tray with fifty holes, and raised for sixty days. Tomato seedlings transplanted to coco fiber slabs were supplied with the nutrient solutions adjusted to EC $2.3dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and pH $5.8\~6.2$ recommended by the Japanese Horticultural Experiment Station. Selenium forms used were inorganic $SeO_2$ (here in after referred to Se) and organic selenium chlenium with sugar fatty acid ester (here in after referred to chelated-Se). 10 ppm selenium solutions were treated to tomato plants with foliar applications, drenching, and foliar application plus drenching. Growth characteristics in terms of plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and chlorophyll content were significantly increased in the plot of foliar application ot Se, and in the plot of foliar application plus drenching of chelated-Se than other plots, respectively. Transported contents of selenium into the tomato fruits were highest as 0.302 ppm in the plot of foliar application plus drenching of chelated-Se. Also, it had tended to be higher in the plot of foliar application plus drenching than in the plots of foliar application or drenching in both of Se and chelated-Se. Foliar application and drenching of organic chelated-Se were effective to produce the functional tomato fruits.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.352-357
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to find out the effects of major nutrient levels(N, P, K) on ozone susceptibility of tomato plants(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, cv. Pink Glory). Plants were grown in water culture system. A half-strength of Hoagland's nutrient solution was considered as a standard formulation($N_{100}$ $P_{100}$ $K_{100}$). The levels of major nutrients were adjusted through addition or removal of several fertilizer salts from the standard solution. Top growth was significantly decreased at the low nitrogen level or phosphorus removal condition. P- and K-contents of leaves were greatly decreased by removal of salts containing P and K from the nutrient solution. The rate of ozone injury was significantly increased when potassium was removed. However, the influence of nitrogen and phosphorus levels or high potassium level on injury occurrence did not show statistical significance compared to the standard solution. Ozone exposure resulted in reduction of chlorophyll, and increase of ethylene production, electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde(MDA) contents. These changes were much more enhanced in plants grown at the potassium removal solution. Whereas the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) was low at the potassium removal treatment and this tendency remained after ozone exposure. These results indicated that potassium nutrient level in tomato plants is closely associated with the susceptibility to ozone injury.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2014

This research was performed to examine the effects of mixed espil and copper hydroxide for powdery mildew prevention on cucumber, tomato and pepper. On prevention effect for powdery mildew on cucumber, results revealed that mixed espil and copper hydroxide with a ratio of 4 : 1, disease incidence rate was 18.9% and prevention effect was 69.9%. Another treatment with a ratio of 8 : 1 showed an disease incidence rate of 18.1% and prevention effect of 71.1%, thus, showed great effectiveness. For powdery mildew on tomato, espil and copper hydroxide were mixed using the ratio 4 : 1, results showed an disease incidence rate of 12.4% and prevention effect of 85.3%. Treatment using the ratio of 8 : 1, results showed an disease incidence rate of 14.3% and prevention effect of 83.0%, thus, showed great effectiveness. For powdery mildew on redpepper, espil and copper hydroxide were mixed using the ratio of 4 : 1 with results showed disease incidence rate of 17.7% and prevention effect of 83.0%. From the results, this treatment is the most effective with the lowest attack rate and highest prevention effect. Deducing from the study, it was found out that using mixed espil and copper hydroxide using the ratios 4 : 1 or 8 : 1 are the most effective method for powdery mildew prevention. Mixed ratio of 4 : 1 or 8 : 1 was most effective for preventing powdery mildew on cucumber and tomato, while the espil and copper hydroxide ratio of 4 : 1 was the most effective method for powdery mildew prevention on pepper.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.147-152
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• 1998

AL1-gene, necessary for the replication of the genome of a gemini virus TGMV, was inserted in the opposite direction to the promoter CaMV35S resulting in the construction of a plant transformation binary vector pAR35-2. The vector pAR35-2 contains the chimeric gene cassette involving the duplicated promoter CaMV35S, opposite direction of AL1-gene fusioned with hygromycin resistant gene, and the gene cassette of the neomycin phosphotransferase II gene. The plasmid was transferred to tobacco and tomato plants by leaf disk infection via Agrobacterium. The transgenic plants were selected and grown on the MS-agar medium containing kanamycin and hygromycin. The shoots induced from the calli were regenerated to the whole transgenic plants. The antisense AL1-gene was detected in the genomic DNA isolated from the leaves by using the PCR mediated Southern blot analysis. The expression of the antisense AL1-gene was also observed using the RT-PCR mediated Southern blot analysis. The observation of chloroplasts in guard cell pair indicated that the transgenic tomato plants were diploid.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.84-90
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• 2021

In June 2019, Angelica acutiloba plants showing virus-like symptoms such as chlorotic local lesion and mosaic on the leaves were found in a greenhouse in Nonsan, South Korea. To identify the causal virus, we collected 6 symptomatic A. acutiloba leaf samples and performed reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis using specific detection primers for three reported viruses including tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). RT-PCR results showed that five symptomatic samples were positive for TSWV. Mechanical sap inoculation of one of the collected TSWV isolate (TSWV-NS-AG28) induced yellowing, chlorosis and mosaic symptoms in A. acutiloba and necrotic local lesions and mosaic in Solanaceae species. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genome sequences showed that TSWV-NS-AG28 had a maximum nucleotide identity with TSWVNS-BB20 isolated from butterbur in Nonsan, South Korea. To our knowledge, this is the first report of TSWV infection in A. acutiloba.