• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.96-110
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to develop soil salt prediction model for the estimation of irrigation water requirements for dry field crops in reclaimed tidelands. The simulation model based on water balance equation, salt balance equation, and salt storage equation was developed for daily prediction of sa]t concentration in root zone. The data obtained from field measurement during the growing period of tomato were used to evaluate the applicability of this model. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1.The optimum irrigation point which maximizes the crop yield in reclaimed tidelands of silt loam soil while maintaining the salt concentration within the tolerance level, ws found to be pF 1.6, and total irrigation requirement after transplanting was 602mm(6.7 mm/day)for tomato. 2.When the irrigation point was pF 1.6, the deviation between predicted and measured salt concentration was less than 4 % at the significance level of 1 7% 3.Since the deviations between predicted and measured values data decrease as the amount of irrigation water increases, the proposed model appear to be more suitable for use in reclaimed tidelands. 4.The amount of irrigation water estimated by the simulation model was 7.2mm/day in the average for cultivating tomato at the optimum irrigation point of pF 1.6.The simulation model proposed in this study can be generalized by applying it to other crops. This, model, also, could be further improved and extended to estimate desalinization effects in reclaimed tidelands by including meteorological effect, capillary phenomenon, and infiltration.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.127-135
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• 2023

This study examined the impact of changes in agricultural production methods on society, the economy, and the environment. While traditional open-field farming relied heavily on natural conditions, modern approaches, including greenhouse and smart farming, have emerged to mitigate the effects of climate and seasonal variations. Facility horticulture has been on the rise since the 1990s, and recently, there has been a growing interest in smart farms due to reasons such as climate change adaptation and food security. We compared open-field spinach and greenhouse spinach using agricultural income survey data, and we also compared greenhouse tomato cultivation with smart farming tomato cultivation, utilizing data from the smart farm survey reports. The economic results showed that greenhouse spinach increased yield by 25.8% but experienced a 29% decrease in income due to equipment depreciation. In the case of tomato production in smart farms, both yield and income increased by 36-39% and 34-46%, respectively. In terms of environmental impact, we also compared fertilizer and energy usage. It was found that greenhouse spinach used 29% less fertilizer but 14% more energy compared to open-field spinach. Smart farming for tomatoes saw a negligible decrease in electricity and fuel costs. Regarding the social impact, greenhouse spinach reduced labor hours by 31%, and the introduction of smart farming for tomatoes led to an average 11% reduction in labor hours. This reduction is expected to have a positive effect on sustainable farming. In conclusion, the transition from open-field to greenhouse cultivation and from greenhouse cultivation to smart farming appears to yield positive effects on the economy, environment, and society. Particularly, the reduction in labor hours is beneficial and could potentially contribute to an increase in rural populations.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.435-440
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• 2014

The number of Bemisia tabaci adults attracted to horseweed, thistle, red bean, cucumber, and tomato plants, as measured by the number stuck to yellow sticky traps, was investigated in a polyvinyl greenhouse for growing tomatoes using organic methods. The number was highest on cucumber plants in the early days of B. tabaci infestation, but was highest on horseweed overall. Of the eight species of beans tested, B. tabaci adults were most attracted to Ultari-Gangnang; however, beans were not effective trap plants for B. tabaci. Measurement of olfactory behavioral response using a four-choice olfactometer showed that B. tabaci adults preferred horseweed to cucumber, eggplant, or tomato. The developmental period of B. tabaci eggs and larvae was shorter at high temperature. At $30^{\circ}C$, the developmental period of eggs and larvae on horseweed were reduced approximately 0.5 and 1 day, respectively, compared to those on cucumber or tomato.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.414-418
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Plastic mulches widely used in raised-bed culture mainly to conserve water, control weeds and raise soil temperature. The most widely used plastic mulch colour is black. Reflective red and far-red light can affect on growth and yield of various vegetable crops. Objectives of this study were to investigate the characteristics of reflective light of black and red plastic mulches, and to evaluate the reflective red and far-red light on the quality characteristics and yield of the Oriental melon (Cucumis. Melo L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). METHODS AND RESULTS: Oriental melon and tomato were cultivated over the reflective red and black plastic mulches in plastic house. Reflected red and far-red light over the red plastic mulch were 2.6 times higher than those of black plastic mulch. Red to F-Red ratio of black plastic mulch, red plastic mulch and sunlight were 1.14, 0.93 and 1.16 respectively. Intensity of reflected red and far-red light over red plastic mulch were highest at surface height of 30 cm. The higher the height of the surface decrease the intensity of far-red light. Accordingly, Red to F-Red ratio were increased. Reflective red plastic mulch increased the weight of fruit and content of sugar in Oriental melon and tomato. CONCLUSION(s): Yield of Oriental melon over reflective red plastic mulch was higher than that of black plastic mulch. These results suggested that reflected red and far-red light over the red plastic mulch affected allocation of photosynthate in growing Oriental melon.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2018

This study was conducted to compare the physicochemical properties of newly developed artificial medium and conventional plug medium and to investigate the proper irrigation interval to produce the high quality tomato seedlings. The five existing artificial media (organic medium coir, mixed medium Tosilee and Q plug, and inorganic medium LC and rockwool) and four newly developed artificial medium (mixed medium TP-S1 and inorganic medium PU 14-S1, PU-7B, and PU 15-S1) were used to grow tomato 'Yegwang' with irrigation interval of one-day (14 times), two-day (7 times), and three-day (5 times) for 14 days. The pH was the significantly highest in the PU 15-S1. All growing medium measured were in the range of pH 5.17-6.90. EC was the highest in the Q plug. The initial germination rate was the highest in the PU 15-S1. The final germination rate and mean daily germination were not significantly different in all growing medium except for the PU 14-S1. Growth of tomato seedlings at 15 days after sowing was the greatest in the Q plug. At 29 days after sowing, seedlings were also the greatest in the Q plug, followed by rockwool and PU-7B. Also, growth was better in the one-day interval treatment. As a result, we confirmed the applicability of the artificial medium to tomato plug seedlings in this experiment, and seedlings were the greatest in the Q plug. Therefor, it is considered that adding nutrients to the artificial medium of the newly developed medium PU-7B, and applying the irrigation one-day interval can produces high quality tomato seedlings similar to using Q plug.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.237-258
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• 1993

Objectives in this study are to stabilize the organic sludges which were produced from papermill wastewater, nightsoil treatment facilities and utilized as foods for earthworm, to find the method for using the cast which was orginated by earthworm as fertilizer, and ultimately to develop the practical technique to solve the environmental problems by optimization of wastes treatment. The results of this study were summarized as follows. In the investigation for fertilizer effect of cast, germination rates of cucumber, tomato, and cabbage were investigated. The germination status of 3 types of plants was excellent as over 90% in the combination case of 30-45% cast. In the investigation for fertilizer effect of cast derived from nightsoil sludge, the growing status of cucumber, tomato, and cabbage was excellent in the combination case of 30-45% cast. In the experiment for fertilizer effect investigation of cast derived from papermill sludge, the growing status of cucumber, tomato, and cabbage was excellent in the combination case of 30-45% cast. Also, in the combination case of 60% cast, plants growth was not disturbed.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.21 no.3 s.52
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• pp.153-158
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• 1982

The study was conducted to obtain the basic information on the diseases epidemics of vegetable crops grown in Namji, Jinju, Gimhae and Suncheon under the extremely varied and specified conditions, plastic film house. The disease survey was conducted from the end of April, 1951 to April 1982. Leaf mold and late blight were serious foliar disease in tomato during the seedling stage, especially when the infected seeds were sown. The diseases increased rapidly 35 days after seeding. In both continuous cultivation of cucumber and rotation with upland crops, incidence of Fusarium wilt was severe while incidence of the disease was negligible in cultivations after paddy rice or grafting on pumpkin. Downy mildew of cucumber was severe in Jinju and Suncheon area, however, it was not so serious in Namji area where the growing season of cucumber was unfavorable for the maximum disease incidence. Cucumber mosaic virus disease was prevalent in the areas surveyed and the disease incidence was increased rapidly after June. Powdery mildew prevailed at the early stage of cucumber growth after transplanting in Namji area. Root rot and wilting caused by Phytophthora capsici was as the most destructive disease in pepper grown under the vinyl house, especially in Namji and Jinju area where the pepper has been cultivated intensively. The Phytophthora attacked most parts of young plants during the winter time and then induced crown rot on the adults plants. Cultivation of pepper in vinyl house was almost impossible because of the Phytophora disease by the end of June. Virus diseases to tomato plants were prevalent throughout the surveyed area and the damage was also severe. In Jinju and Gimhae area leaf mold and late blight showed high infection rate in tomato during the harvest time.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.169-182
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• 2014

This study investigates the physicochemical quality characteristics of tomato sauce added with different kinds of pimpinella brachycarpa. The results are as follows. The pH of tomato sauce added with freeze-dried pimpinella brachycarpa, in contrast to the tomato sauce with raw pimpinella brachycarpa, decreased as the addition quantity of the sample increased. As for sugar content, PBP0 with Pimpinella brachycarpa contained was shown to be the highest with 10.83. For chromaticity, all values (e.g, L, A and B) of tomato sauce added with pimpinella brachycarpa and with freeze-dried pimpinella brachycarpa decreased showing significant differences among the samples as the addition quantity of the samples increased. With increased addition quantity of the sample with freeze-dried Pimpinella brachycarpa, its water content decreased. PBP4, addition group with 4% of freeze-dried Pimpinella brachycarpa, was shown to be the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity as 29.58. When adding Pimpinella brachycarpa to tomato sauce, a total number of micro-organisms decreased. In case of adding raw Pimpinella brachycarpa rather than freeze-dried Pimpinella brachycarpa, it created a further effect on an inhibitive action of growing and developing micro-organisms. In the preference of tomato sauce with Pimpinella brachycarpa, PBF2 with 2% of Pimpinella brachycarpa had the highest score as 5.1 for the color. For taste, 3.7, the lowest taste score, was shown in PBF1with 1% of Pimpinella brachycarpa. The overall preference revealed that PBF2 was the highest scoring 5.8.. PBF3 was scored highest with 5.9 for overall preference. From the comprehensive findings, 2~3% of the addition ratio between raw Pimpinella brachycarpa and freeze-dried Pimpinella brachycarpa in the production of tomato sauce is considered the most preferable.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.217-225
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• 2015

Local heating system providing hot air locally to growing parts including shoot apex and flower cluster which were temperature-sensitive organs of cherry tomato was developed to reduce energy consumption for greenhouse heating without decline of crop growth. Growing part following local heating system was composed of double duct distributer which connected inner and outer ducts with hot air heater and winder which moved ducts up and down following growing parts with plant growth. Growing part local heating system was compared with conventional bottom duct heating system with respect to distributions of air and leaf surface temperatures according to height, growth characteristics and energy consumption. By growing part local heating, air temperature around growing part was maintained $0.9{\sim}2.0^{\circ}C$ higher than that of lower part of crop and leaf surface temperature was also stratified according to height. Investigations on crop growth characteristics and crop yield showed no statistically significant difference except for plant height between bottom duct heating and growing part local heating. As a result, the growing part local heating system consumed 23.7% less heating energy than the bottom duct heating system without decrease of crop yield.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.152-160
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to analyze hazards for the growing stage of 6 tomato farms (A, B, C; soli farms, D, E, F; Nutriculture farms) located in Gyeongsangnam-do to establish the good agricultural practices (GAP). A total of 144 samples for analyzing hazards collected from cultivation environments (irrigation water, soil, nutrient solution, and air) and personal hygiene (hands, gloves, and cloths) were assessed for biological (sanitary indications and major food borne pathogens) and chemical hazards (heavy metals). Total bacteria, coliform, and fungi were detected at levels of 0.2-7.2, 0.0-6.1, and 0.0-5.4 log CFU/g, mL, hand or 100 $cm^2$, respectively. Escherichia coli were only detected in the soil sample from B farm. In case of pathogens, Bacillus cereus was detected at levels of 0.0-4.4 log CFU/(g, mL, hand or 100 $cm^2$), whereas Staphylococuus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli O157, and Salmonella spp. were not detected in all samples. Heavy metals as a chemical hazard were detected in soil and irrigation water, but levels of them were lower than the permit limit. In conclusion, chemical hazard levels complied with GAP criteria, but biological hazards at the growing stage of tomato farms were confirmed. Therefore a proper management to prevent microbial contamination is needed.