• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.90-96
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to compare the joint position sense at the knee joint at 3 different surface conditions by using the active knee joint angle reproduction test in the standing position. Twenty healthy volunteers (10 males and 10 females) age 20~29 years were recruited for this study. The knee joint position senses were assessed at three different surface conditions: on the floor (stable condition), TOGU (soft condition), and seat fit (unstable condition) in a closed kinetic chain. Testing orders were selected randomly. The absolute angle error was defined as the absolute difference between target angles ($30^{\circ}{\sim}45^{\circ}$ knee flexion) and subject perceived angle of the knee flexion. One way ANOVA was used to compare the absolute angle of error among 3 different conditions. The Independent t-test was used to compare the absolute angle of error between male and female. The error angles were significantly different among surface conditions ($1.3^{\circ}{\pm}1.2^{\circ}$ for the floor, $2.1^{\circ}{\pm}0.9^{\circ}$ for the TOGU, and $4.4^{\circ}{\pm}1.8^{\circ}$ for the seat fit, p<.05). There was no significant difference in error angle between male and female. In conclusion, the joint position sense of the knee joint in the closed kinetic chain decreased at unstable surface conditions. The result of this study indicates that surface conditions should be considered when assessing and training the joint position sense of the knee joint in clinical setting.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.677-684
• /
• 2020

Our country is already in the aging corner and fall down is the elderly personal, social and economic problems are causing. therefore, executed this study for inquiring into an athletic effect for the balance ability increase that was a main variable of an fall down. The purpose of this study, to find the effect of balance training using visual feedback and somatosensory. Experimental group divided the three groups, objects measured balance ability of each experimental groups before experiment, the balance exercise group used visual feedback by Nintendo Wii(company - model), the balance exercise group used visual and TOGU, the balance exercise group used blind and TOGU. 4 experimental of each groups measured MFT and EMG value after training. having rest time, 4 experimental of each groups measured MFT and EMG value after training used balance pad. MFT - visual feedback with somatosensory training is most efficient but, indifferent both balance training with visual feedback and balance training with somatosensory. EMG - training with somatosensory is more efficient than training with visual feedback. Conclusion : in the process of improving equilibrium ability of patient who is lack of balance ability, somatosensory training is effective to correct different of left, right and frequency of left, right. visual feedback is the most effective way to improve dynamic balance sensory, so parallel of these two practice is thought to be the most effective.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.251-258
• /
• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to provide an efficient and basis for muscle activity of Quadriceps muscles and balance in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction patients through unstable surface exercise and stable surface exercise. Methods : This study included 30 anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction patients belonging to A hospital and D orthopedic surgery clinic of province who attended the program for 30 minutes at a time and three times a week for 4 weeks. Of these 15 attended the unstable surface exercise program and 15 the stable surface exercise program. To increase muscle activity (%MVIC) and balance (WPL), the unstable surface exercise. Results : The %MVIC of lower extrmity muscle(RF, VL, VM) increased from before training to after training in the case of the participants who performed the unstable surface exercise, and the whole path length (WPL) decreased from before the training to after the training(p<.05). Conclusion : In conclusion, unstable surface exercise program helps to improve the balancing ability and musle activity in a anterior cruciate ligament recunstruction patients who requires both muscle activity and balance than stable surface exercise program.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.197-204
• /
• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the plank exercise to strengthen the core muscles on the muscle thickness of external and internal obliques and transverse abdominis muscle depending on the form of the support surface. Methods: This study was randomized to 12 males and 12 females in their 20s and conducted three times a week for 4 weeks. The subjects were divided into the two groups and performed flank exercise on a stable surface (stable surface group) and an unstable surface (unstable surface group). A mat was used as a stable surface, and an TOGU used as a unstable surface. Results : In both stable and unstable surface, the thickness changes of the transverse abdominis and external and internal oblique muscle increased (p<.05). In the unstable surface, there was a greater increase in the thickness change of the transverse abdominis and external oblique muscles in the flank exercise than in the stable surface (p.<05). Among them, the greatest increase was found in the external abdominal muscle (p<.05). Conclusion : This study found that the flank exercise was more effective in strengthening the abdominal muscles on an unstable surface, when compared with the outcomes on a stable one. It is also thought to have the most effect on the muscle activity of the external oblique muscle on unstable surface.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.35-49
• /
• 2014

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to find the effects of the lumbar stabilization exercise and strength exercise on pain, ROM, strength, muscle thickness of low back pain(LBP) patients. Method : The subjects were consisted of twelve patients who had nonspecific LBP. All subjects randomly assigned to lumbar stabilization exercise group(N=6) and strength exercise group(N=6). We measured muscular strength, ROM by using Tergumed-extension, rotation and muscle thickness by using ultrasonography and pain score by using Visual analog scale(VAS). The lumbar stabilization exercise group received TOGU exercise, strength exercise group received Tergumed exercise. The data analyzed by repeated measure of Independent t-test, paired t-test, reliability test. Result : The results were as follows. The result which measured of the change of pain score was a significant decrease. The result which measured of the change of ROM and strength was a significant increase. The result which measured of the change of the Internal abdominal oblique, External abdominal oblique on muscle thickness was a significant increase. Stabilization exercise group and Strength exercise group showed the significant difference in muscle thickness on Transversus abdominis, Multifidus. Stabilization exercise group was more increased in muscle thickness. Conclusion : Therefore, we suggest that stabilization exercise is effective for non-specific low back pain.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.183-190
• /
• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of side planks on the muscle thickness of the core muscles, external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominis, and this study was conducted to compare whether side plank exercise according to the application of various unstable support surfaces increases the thickness by activating the action of the muscles. Methods : The subjects of this study were 30 healthy adults and were randomly and equally assigned to three groups by a random number table. All subjects were divided into three groups according to the application of an unstable support surface during the side plank(Group A = stable support, Group B = one unstable support, Group C = two unstable supports). The side plank exercise was performed 30 minutes a day, 3 times a week for a total of 4 weeks. The muscle thickness of the core muscle was measured before the intervention, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 3 times in total. All measured data were comparatively analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and one-way ANOVA. The statistical significance level was set to .05. Results : The results of this study were as follows : 1. All muscles showed an interaction between training period and group. 2. There was a significant difference between the groups at the 2 weeks and 4 weeks of the internal oblique and transverse abdominis muscle measurements. Conclusion : The thickness of the abdominal muscle increased during the side plank exercise according to the support surface, and the thickness of the abdominal muscle increased the most during the side plank exercise on the unstable support surface. Therefore, it is thought that the addition of an unstable support surface will provide a more effective therapeutic effect on the thickness change of the abdominal muscle during side plank exercise.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 2022

PURPOSE: This study examined the correlation between the pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strengthening training on an unstable support surface and a stable support surface in stroke patients. METHODS: The study subjects were 22 stroke patients undergoing central nervous system developmental rehabilitation treatment. After excluding six dropouts, eight people in the experimental group and eight people in the control groups were classified by random sampling. Both groups performed central nervous system developmental rehabilitation therapy and were provided a 10-minute break. The experimental group was provided with an unstable support surface using Togu, and the control group was trained to strengthen the respiratory muscle in a stable support surface. Respiratory muscle strengthening training was conducted three times per week for 20 minutes. Before and after each group of experiments, a nonparametric test Wilcoxon signed rank test, and a Mann Whitney U-test analysis were used to analyze the variations between the two groups. All statistical significance levels (α) were set at 0.05. RESULTS: Both groups showed increases in the pulmonary function but showed significant differences only in the experimental group. There was a significant difference in the peak expiratory flow between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Central nervous system development rehabilitation treatment for patients with an impaired nervous system and respiratory muscle strengthening training on unstable support surfaces are effective in improving the pulmonary function of stroke patients. Therefore, they are expected to be applied to physical therapy programs to help various functional activities.