• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.347-352
• /
• 2003

본 연구는 다양한 볶음 조건에서 볶지 않은 쌀눈과 볶은 쌀눈의 품질 특성을 조사하기 위하여 관능검사, 색, tocols 함량 및 과산화물가를 측정하여 평가하였다. 관능검사와 색으로 선정된 쌀눈의 가장 기호도가 우수한 최적 볶음 조건은 $170^{\circ}C$ 20분, $180^{\circ}C$ 10분, $190^{\circ}C$ 6분이었다. 쌀눈의 Hunter a 값은 볶음 온도와 시간이 증가할수록 증가하였던 반면 L값은 볶음 과정이 진행될수록 감소하였다. 지질산화안정성에 있어서는 볶지 않은 쌀눈이 볶은 쌀눈보다 안정하였으며, $60^{\circ}C$에서 저장 9일 후 POV는 볶지 않은 쌀눈의 과산화물가는 2.0 meq/kg인데 반해 $170^{\circ}C$ 20분 처리구는 145.6 meq/kg, $180^{\circ}C$ 10분 처리구는 169.5 meq/kg, $190^{\circ}C$ 6분 처리구는 182.9 meq/kg으로 과산화물의 생성 속도가 현저하게 다름을 보여주었다. 또한 모든 쌀눈 처리구에서 4가지의 tocopherol과 3가지의 tocotrienol이 확인되었으나 ${\beta}$-tocotrienol은 검출되지 않았다. 쌀눈의 주요 tocols는 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol과 ${\alpha}$-tocotrienol이었으며 $60^{\circ}C$ 저장 중 모든 볶음 처리구에서 tocol isomer의 영향은 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol이 가장 현저한 감소를 보인 반면 ${\beta}$-tocopherol과 ${\gamma}$-tocopherol은 서서히 감소하였다. ${\delta}$-tocopherol은 tocopherol 이성체 중에 가장 높은 안정성을 보였으며 저장일별 tocotrienol 이성체들의 지질산화안정성도 tocopherol과 유사한 경향을 보였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제34권8호
• /
• pp.1289-1292
• /
• 2005

본 연구에서는 한국인의 주식인 쌀밥과 각종 잡곡밥에 함유된 토코페롤의 8가지 이성질체의 함량을 HPLC를 이용하여 분석하였다. 쌀밥에서는 8가지 이성체중 3개의 이성체가 검출되었고, 보리밥에서는 2개, 팥밥에서는 5개, 콩밥은 7개 그리고 여러가지 곡류의 혼합인 잡곡밥에서는 6개의 이성체가 검출되었다. 본 연구결과 쌀밥에는 alpha-토코페롤 외에도 alpha-, gamma-토코트리에놀이 검출되었고 그 값을 합한 토코트리에놀 함량은 alpha-토코페롤보다 더 높은 것으로 나타나 쌀밥의 비타민 E 영양가치는 일반적으로 알려진 것보다 더 높을 것으로 추정된다. 분석된 토코페롤 이성체의 총합인 비타민 E의 함량은 콩밥>잡곡밥>팥밥>쌀밥>보리밥의 순서로 나타나 콩밥과 잡곡밥의 영양적 우수성을 증명하였다. 따라서 매일 섭취하는 주식인 밥을 쌀밥에서 콩밥이나 잡곡밥으로 대치할 경우, 각종 성인병의 예방효과가 뛰어난 것으로 알려진 토코페롤과 토코트리에놀의 이성체를 골고루 꾸준히 섭취할 수 있으므로 쌀밥에 콩 등의 잡곡을 혼합하는 것이 건강증진을 위해 매우 중요한 사안으로 사료된다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.183-188
• /
• 2006

The tocopherol and tocotrienol contents of 39 vegetable oils, margarines, butters, and peanut butters typically consumed in the Korea diet were determined by direct solvent extraction method followed by normal phase liquid chromatography. All samples were locally obtained in the Cheongju area in 2003 and 2004. The study examined data on 19 vegetable oils, 10 margarines, 6 butters, and 4 peanut butters. ${\gamma}$-Tocopherol (${\gamma}$-T) and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (${\alpha}$-T) were detectable in all products except butters and were usually present in the vitamin E form in greater quantity than the other isomers. Usually, ${\gamma}$-T content was higher than ${\alpha}$-T content in many samples. Tocotrienols were measurable in some samples but usually at levels less than the corresponding tocopherols. Three analytical method validation parameters, accuracy, precision, and specificity, were calculated to ensure the method's validity and were all confirmed to be reliable and satisfactory.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.70-75
• /
• 1995

The effect of lipoxygenase (LOX) on the oxidation and co-oxidation of lipid fraction was studied in the model system of rainbow trout. For the reaction in model system 1 g of lipid fraction and 50mL of enzyme extract(LOX, 140 unit in 50mL phosphate buffer solution at pH 7, 4)), which were obtained from rainbow trout, were homoginized in the presence of Tween 20 and kept at 23$\circ$C for 3 days. The activity of LOX was decreased to 43% of initial level during the reaction in the model system. The initial composition of rainbow trout lipid was showed to be consisted of trigliceride(TG;82%) and free fatty acid(FFA;0.1%), while this converted to 59% of TG and 20% of FIFA, respectively after reaction in model system. Change of fatty acid composition was also observed and the content of linoleic acid, one of the major fatte acids, was decreased to 13% from 54% in the content of total fatty acids after reaction. The carotenoids in rainbow trout were composed of 0.4% $\alpha$-carotene, 1.6% $\beta$ -carotene, 80% canthaxanthin, 7% lutein and 11% zeaxanthin, thus the canthaxanthin was the major component. This canthaxanthin was the most degraded carotenoid by lipoxygenase catalyzed co-oxidation during the reaction. On the other hand the tocopherol isomers found in the rainbow trout were $\alpha$ and $\beta$ -tocopherol, and $\alpha$-tocopherol had a higher degradation rate by the lipoxygenase catalyzed co-oxidation than of $\beta$-tocopherol in the reaction of model system.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.663-672
• /
• 2013

To characterize the nutraceutical property of Italian millet (Setaria italica) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), ten Korean landraces of each crop were collected and their vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols), squalene and phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol and ${\beta}$-sitosterol) contents as well as fatty acid composition in seeds were evaluated. Italian millet seeds exhibited 5 forms of vitamin E isomers: three (${\alpha}$-, ${\gamma}$- and ${\delta}$-) tocopherols and two (${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-) tocotrienols, while sorghum seeds showed only three forms of vitamin E isomers: ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol and ${\alpha}$-tocotrienol. In both crops, ${\gamma}$-tocopherol was the major constituent of vitamin E in terms of highest quantity. Total vitamin E content in Italian millet and sorghum landraces were 88.3 mg/kg and 44.3 mg/kg, respectively. Among three phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol and ${\beta}$-sitosterol) analyzed, ${\beta}$-sitosterol was the major form comprising about 85% and 65% in Italian millet and sorghum landraces, respectively. Total phytosterols content ranged from 443.0 to 568.5 mg/kg and 442.3 to 719.2 mg/kg in Italian millet and sorghum, respectively. Squalene, a precursor of phytosterols biosynthesis, ranged from 6.8 to 10.2 mg/kg in Italian millet and from 62.2 to 115.2 mg/kg in sorghum. Linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids were the major fatty acids in both of the crops and about 80% of the total fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids. Among the tested landraces, M09 and S10 showed relatively higher proportion of phytonutrients, suggesting their potential as a gene source for further breeding program.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제49권3호
• /
• pp.207-210
• /
• 2004

우리나라에서 재배되고 있는 콩 강낭콩 보리 옥수수 율무 들깨 차조기 홍화 해바라기를 비롯하여 달맞이꽃 타래붓꽃의 종실에 함유되어 있는 tocotrienol($\textrm{T}$), tocopherol(T)과 vitamin E 함량을 탐색 하였던 바 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 종실 100g에 함유되어 있는 tocotrienol 함량은 차조기 25.06mg, 보리 4.50mg, 옥수수 3.54mg, 타래븟꽃 3.04mg, 율무 2.58mg, 홍화 0.12mg이었다. 2. tocotrienol이 전혀 검출되지 않은 작물은 콩 강낭콩 달맞이꽃 해바라기 들깨이었고, tocotrienol의 4가지 동족체 중 율무와 옥수수는 $\beta$-$\textrm{T}_3$, 타래못꽃과 차조기는 $\delta$-$\textrm{T}_3$, 홍화는 $\alpha\textrm{-}$, $\beta\textrm{-}$, $\delta$-$\textrm{T}_3$가 검출되지 않았다. 3. 종실 100g에 함유되어 있는 tocopherol 함량은 타래붓꽃 51.82mg, 들깨 40,90mg, 콩 34.11mg, 해바라기 20.88mg 순으로 높았으며, 탐색한 작물 모두 4가지 동족체를 함유하였다. 4. vitamin E 함량은 타래붓꽃 54.86, 차조기 41.80, 들깨 40.90, 콩 34.11, 해바라기 20.88, 홍화 14.73, 옥수수 11.49, 달맞이꽃 10.07, 보리 7.48, 율무 6.24, 강낭콩 5.27mg/100g 이었다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.435-439
• /
• 2008

Due to the fact that tocopherols and tocotrienols have antioxidant and anticancer properties, the commercial utilization of unsaponifiable fractions in rice bran is increasing. These nutraceutical compounds, however, are fairly unstable and readily break down when exposed to oxygen or lighting conditions. To compare the relative sensitivity of vit E isomers to heat and oxygen, concentrated unsaponifiable fractions extracted from crude rice bran oil were exposed to various temperature, oxygen (nitrogen-balanced), and bathing solvent conditions and resultant concentration changes in ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-tocopherols (T) and tocotrienols (T3) were evaluated. Each isomer exhibited different heat stability. Among them, ${\alpha}$-T3 degraded more rapidly compared to other vit E isomers while ${\alpha}$-T was the most stable isomer. Oxygen level also showed significant impact on each isomer's stability where severe reductions of ${\gamma}$-T (by 20%) and ${\gamma}$-T3 (by 29%) were observed under 2% oxygen conditions, while under 0% oxygen conditions no degradation could be observed even after exposure to $95^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours. When various blending solvents were mixed with concentrated unsaponifiable fractions, organic solvents such as isooctane and hexane were more effective in maintaining the stability of ${\gamma}$- T3 compared to edible oils, among which com oil was more efficient than soybean and rice bran oils.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.14-14
• /
• 1995

The effect of lipoxygenase (LOX) on the oxidation and co-oxidation of lipid fraction was studied in the model system of rainbow trout. For the reaction in model system 1 g of lipid fraction and 50mL of enzyme extract(LOX, 140 unit in 50mL phosphate buffer solution at pH 7,4)), which were obtained from rainbow trout, were homoginized in the presence of Tween 20 and kept at 23$\circ$C for 3 days. The activity of LOX was decreased to 43% of initial level during the reaction in the model system. The initial composition of rainbow trout lipid was showed to be consisted of trigliceride(TG;82%) and free fatty acid(FFA;0.1%), while this converted to 59% of TG and 20% of FIFA, respectively after reaction in model system. Change of fatty acid composition was also observed and the content of linoleic acid, one of the major fatte acids, was decreased to 13% from 54% in the content of total fatty acids after reaction. The carotenoids in rainbow trout were composed of 0.4% $\alpha$-carotene, 1.6% $\beta$ -carotene, 80% canthaxanthin, 7% lutein and 11% zeaxanthin, thus the canthaxanthin was the major component. This canthaxanthin was the most degraded carotenoid by lipoxygenase catalyzed co-oxidation during the reaction. On the other hand the tocopherol isomers found in the rainbow trout were $\alpha$ and $\beta$ -tocopherol, and $\alpha$-tocopherol had a higher degradation rate by the lipoxygenase catalyzed co-oxidation than of $\beta$-tocopherol in the reaction of model system.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제49권6호
• /
• pp.468-471
• /
• 2004

추청벼 등 4품종의 현미를 4.0, 6.4, 8.0, 9.6, $12.0\%$로 도정하여 벼의 도정율과 미강 중의 tocooienol 및 tocopherol 그리고 vitamin I 함량과의 관계를 구명하고자 본 시험을 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 미강의 tocotrienol 함량이 최대가 되는 도정율은 4품종 각각 다른 반응을 보였으나 공통으로 가장 높았던 도정율은 6.4\%$이었고 추청벼와 안다벼는 도정율 $8.0\%$에서도 유의차가 없었다. 2. 미강의 tocopherol 함량은 4품종 모두 도정율 $8.0\%$에서 가장 높게 나타났으며, 일품벼 고시히카리 안다벼 3품종은 $9.6\%$에서도 유의차가 없었다. 3. 미강의 vitamin E함량이 가장 높은 도정율은 $8.0\%$이나 실험 품종들 간에 다소 차이는 있으나 대체로 $6.4-9.6\%$의 도정율에서는 유의차가 없었다. 4. 쌀의 tocotrienol, tocopherol 그리고 vitamin E함량은 도정율이 높아질수록 감소되는 경향으로 도정율 $8\%$일때 각각의 함량은 11.0, 8.2, $19.2 mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$이었고, 쌀에는 tocotrienol과 tocopherol 동족체 중 $\alpha-$와 $\gamma-$가 검출되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제48권6호
• /
• pp.469-472
• /
• 2003

우리나라에서 생산된 벼 18품종의 미강을 품종별로 tocopherol, tocotrienol, vitamin E 함량을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 미강 중 tocopherol 함량은 9.12-14.76 범위에 평균은 11.14 mg/100g이었고 tocotrienol은 22.39-37.07 평균 28.03 mg/100g 이었으며, vitamin E 함량은 34.86-46.50으로 평균 39.17 mg/100g이었다. 2. tocopherol함량이 높은 품종은 서진벼 화성벼 추청벼 중안벼 등이고, tocotrienol 함량이 높은 품종은 안다 다마금 대립벼1호 진품벼 중안벼 서진벼 고시히카리 대안벼 봉광벼 등이며, vitamin E 함량이 높은 품종은 안다벼 서진벼 다마금 중안벼 고시히카리 등이었다. 3. 미강의 tocopherol(T) 및 tocotrienol($\textrm{T}_3$) 동족체함량은 $\delta\textrm{-}$T＜$\beta\textrm{-}$$\textrm{T}_3$＜$\beta\textrm{-}$T＜$\delta\textrm{-}$$\textrm{T}_3$＜$\gamma\textrm{-}$T＜$\alpha\textrm{-}$T＜$\alpha\textrm{-}$$\textrm{T}_3$＜$\gamma\textrm{-}$$\textrm{T}_3$ 순으로 높았다. 특히 $\gamma\textrm{-}$$\textrm{T}_3$ 의 함량은 $\alpha\textrm{-}$, $\beta\textrm{-}$, $\gamma\textrm{-}$, $\delta\textrm{-}$T의 합 보다 높았고 이러한 현상은 각각의 모든 품종에서도 같은 경향이었다. 4. 항산화력이 높고 유방암 항암에 효과가 뛰어난 $\gamma\textrm{-}$$\textrm{T}_3$ 는 평균 17.92 mg/100g으로 총 tocotrienol 중 63.9%, $\delta\textrm{-}$$\textrm{T}_3$ 는 0.88 mg/100g으로 3.1%이었고, $\gamma\textrm{-}$$\textrm{T}_3$ 함량은 안다벼가 33.44mg/100g으로 가장 높았으며 다마금 대립벼1호 고시히카리 중 안벼 대안벼 서진벼 진품벼 등의 품종에서 높았다.