• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.376-383
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• 2010

견과류 중 sunflower seed, cashew nut, walnut, pistachio, pumpkin seed, ginkgo, hazel nut, pecan을 원료로 하여 지방산 조성 분석 및 sn-2 position 분석, triacylglycerol species의 분석, tocopherol, phytosterol 함량을 분석하였다. 조지방 함량은 hazel nut에서 약 39.60 wt%로 가장 높았으며, walnut 35.25 wt%, pistachio 30.22 wt% 등의 순이었다. GC에 의한 sn-2 위치의 지방산 조성 분석 결과, oleic acid의 함량이 많은 견과류는 cashew nut, pistachio, hazel nut, pecan 이였으며, 특히 ginkgo의 경우 특이적으로 oleic acid의 이성체인 vaccenic acid가 10.72 wt% 나타냄을 확인할 수 있었다. 반면, linoleic acid 등이 높은 견과류는 sunflower seed, walnut, pumpkin seed 이었다. 견과류들의 TAG species의 PN값은 40∼52 사이에 존재하였다. Tocopherol의 함량은 ginkgo, sunflower seed, pumpkin seed 등에서 각각 48.57, 38.35, 31.43 mg/100 g 순으로 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 또한 총 phytosterol의 경우 88.60∼947.20 mg/100 g 사이에 함량을 나타내었다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.140-146
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary oxidized oil and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol level on growth and body composition of juvenile flounder. To prepare oxidized diets, squid liver oil was oxidized by aeration at $25^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. The six diets were prepared to contain 6% fresh or oxidized squid liver oil as the lipid sources in combination with three levels of ${\alpha}$-tocopheryl acetate at 0, 80 and 800 mg/kg diet. Triplicate groups of fish ($3.9{\pm}0.1$) were fed to apparent satiation twice a day for 8 weeks. Survival was not significantly different among treatments. Weight gain, feed efficiency, daily feed intake, protein efficiency ratio and condition factor of fish fed the fresh oil diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed the oxidized oil diets (P<0.05). The increase of the vitamin E level in diets did not result in any significant improvement on growth performance of fish fed both oil diets. The vitamin E content of the liver and dorsal muscle increased with increasing dietary vitamin E level at both oil diet groups. A decreasing trend in vitamin E content of the tissues was observed in fish fed the oxidized oil diets at the same dietary vitamin E level. Significantly higher moisture content and lower crude lipid content were observed in the whole body of fish fed the oxidized oil diets than fish fed the fresh oil diets (P<0.05). Dietary lipid source affected the fatty acid content of the whole body; higher contents of saturated and monoenoic fatty acids, and lower n-3 HUFA contents such as 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 were observed in fish fed the oxidized oil diets than those of fish fed fresh oil diets. The results of this study suggest that the dietary oxidized oil may impair the growth performance, and an increase in ${\alpha}$-tocopheryl acetate supplementation have no beneficial effect on growth and feed efficiency of juvenile flounder.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.339-347
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• 2014

This study investigated the classification of olive oils that are mainly distributed in Korea via imports. The fatty acid contents, degree of color, pigments, anti-oxidants, and sterol contents are analyzed on the different types of olive oil as follows: 10 kinds of extra virgin olive oil, 5 kinds of pure olive oil, and 5 kinds of refined olive-pomace oil. As a result of fatty acid analysis, the majority of oleic acid ($C_{18:1}$) and palmitic acid ($C_{16:0}$), and minority of linoleic acid ($C_{18:2}$) and stearic acid ($C_{18:0}$) were detected without any significant differences between the grades of olive oils. The UV spectrum is related to the ${\Delta}K$, and it is a part of the analysis factor for the purity and degree of degradation of the oil. Extra virgin olive oil had ${\Delta}K$ of almost 0, pure olive oil had 0.07~0.12, and refined olive-pomace oil had 0.1~0.13. These differed from extra virgin oil, and the pure or pomace oil ${\Delta}K$ had a confirmed distinct difference. The color degrees of chlorophyll with a low $L^*$ value and $(-)a^*$ (green) and carotenoid with $(+)b^*$ (yellow) were confirmed to have correlation between extra virgin and other olive oils. To compare chlorophyll and carotenoid as natural pigment in olive oils, 417 nm and the ratio of the absorbance at 480 nm (417/480) was calculated at 1.62 of extra virgin, 1.85 of pure olive oil, and 3.32 of refined olive-pomace oil. Therefore, it will be possible to distinguish when the extra virgin or pure olive oil are mixed with olive-pomace oil. The total amount of tocopherol, an anti-oxidant, were 19.06 in extra virgin, 10.91 in pure olive oil, and 27.88 in refined olive-pomace oil. The high content of tocopherol in pomace oil caused recovery of solvent extraction from olive pulp. Thus, extra virgin oil and pure olive oil were distinguished by olive-pomace oil. Polyphenol compounds in extra virgin olive oil measured high only in ferulic acid with 0.543 mg/kg, caffeic acid with 0.393 mg/kg, and other vanillic acid, vanillin, and p-coumaric acid had similar amount of 0.3 mg/kg. All grade of olive oils had the highest ${\beta}$-sitosterol content. Af (Authenticity factor) value were estimated with campesterol and stigmasterol content ratio (%). Af value was 19.2 in extra virgin olive oil, 17.1 in pure olive oil, 16.9 in refined olive-pomace oil, which were distinctive from sunflower oil with 3.7, corn oil with 2.4, and soybean oil with 2.0. It can provide important indicator of olive oil adulteration with other cheap vegetable oils. The results of this study can be used as a database for the classification of olive oil grade and distinguishing between the different types of oils.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.28-32
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• 1998

본 연구는 국내에서 재배한 서양 향신 허브식물의 무기물 함량과 항산화 활성 효과를 비교검토하기 위하여 시험한 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다 1. 서양 허브식물은 여러 가지 종류의 무기물을 함유하고 있었으며 허브 종류별 무기물 함량은 매우 상이하였다. 캄슘함량은 borage, chicory에서 높았고 칼륨은 comfrey, borage, Parsley에서 철분은 coriander, comfrey에서 높았다. 2. 19종의 서양 허브식물에 대한 DPPH Radical 소거작용 검색에 의한 항산화 활성을 검색한 결과 spearmint, marjoram, sweet basil 및 rosemary 식물의 추출물에서 tocopherol, BHA와 유사한 활성을 나타내었다. 용매별 분획에 의한 항산화효과를 검토한 결과 MeOH ext.에서 효과를 타나내지 못한 herb종류도 용매분획에 의해 항산화 활성을 나타낼수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.31-36
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• 1990

This studies were conducted to find out the possibility of utilizing red pepper seed as resources of food fats, the research method was designed to make a comparison between crude and refined oil, and the results of the studies are as follows : The red pepper seed contained 28% of crude fat and 21% of crude protein. The main fatty acids of red pepper seed oil were linoleic acid(72.10~72.31%), palmitic acid(12.81~13.28%) and oleic acid(9.47~10.48%). The linolenic acid content was so small that is will not influence the autoxidation of the red pepper seed oil. The major triglyceride type of crude and refined oil of red pepper seeds were C52 and C54. The other types were found in a small quantity. The sterol composition of crude oil was $\beta$-sitosterol, campasterol, stigmasteral and brassicasterol,in the quantity order. after refining, brassicasterol was not detected, and the content was decreased by one six and one eight. The toropherol composition of crude and refined oil, tocopherol analog was composed of three kinds $\alpha$-, ${\gamma}$-, $\delta$-, but no $\beta$-form. the quantity of ${\gamma}$-, $\alpha$- and $\delta$-tocopherol were 162.91, 83.72, 43.98mg% respectively. The Quantity of and capsaicin in crude oil was 1,296 ppm, and it was reduced consicerably by refining and removed completely after the process of redeodorization.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2011

Color, lipid and fatty acid composition, and tocopherols and polyphenols contents of perilla seed lipids in response to seed germination were studied. Perilla seeds were germinated at $30^{\circ}C$ in the dark for 12, 36, or 48 h, after which total lipids were extracted by the Folch method using chloroform and methanol (2:1, v/v). Seed germination resulted in a decrease in yellowness and greenness in perilla seed lipids, but there were no significant changes in composition of the lipids including major neutral lipids (>90%). Contents of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in the perilla seed lipids significantly increased in response to germination. Linolenic acid (>63%) was the most abundant fatty acid. Seed germination tended to decrease the relative content of linolenic acid and increase the contents of oleic and stearic acids. Contents of antioxidants, especially ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and polyphenols, increased in response to seed germination. As the germination period was extended, the antioxidant content increased. Therefore, increases in useful components, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, and polyphenols contents by seed germination can contribute to the improvement of perilla seed utilization in food industry.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.272-275
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• 1992

한국산 녹차 종자(Camellia sinecis L.)에 함유된 단백질, 탄수화물, 조지방, 조회분 함량은 해바라기(Helianthus annuus)씨나 잇꽃종실(Carthamus tinctorius L.) 등과 대등하였으나, 조사포닌은 12.2%로 참깨(0.29%)나 땅콩(0.63%)보다 월등히 높게 함유하였고, oleic acid를 비롯한 불포화 지방산 조성은 82%였다. Tocopherol은 ${\alpha}-form$만 $22\;{\mu}g/g$ 보였을 뿐 일반종자보다 현저히 낮은 수준으로 함유하였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.127-133
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• 1993

대두의 발아 및 종실의 성숙과정중 토코페롤 및 지방산 함량의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 발아과정은 실험실에서 명조건과 암조건으로 구분하여 수행하였고, 종실의 성숙과정 시험은 포장에서 실시하였으며, 토코페롤과 지방산의 함량은 HPLC와 GC를 사용하여 분석하였다. 발아과정중 각 토코페롤 및 지방질 함량은 배축부의 길이가 약 10 cm로 생육시 가장 높았으며, 발아과정 후기에서는 명조건하의 ${\alpha}-$토코페롤을 제외하고 모두 감소하였다. 종실의 초기 생성과정중 ${\delta}-$토코페롤은 가장 높은 함량을 보였으나 성숙과정의 진행과 동시에 점차 감소되었고, 역으로 ${\gamma}-$ 및 ${\alpha}-$토코페롤은 종실의 성숙과정중 꾸준히 증가하였다. 성숙과정중 종실의 유지함량은 초기단계에서 현저하게 증가하였고, 지방산조성의 변화에서는 점진적인 oleic acid의 감소와 더불어 linoleic acid의 증가가 관찰되었다. 토코페롤 동족체들과 지방산들 사이의 상관성을 검토한 결과, 일부 처리구간에서 정의 상관관계가 인정되었다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.67-86
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• 1999

기능성 물질로서 다양한 생리적 기능을 가진 ascorbic acid는 구조적으로 불안정하여 쉽게 산화되는데 이러한 ascorbic acid의 산화를 억제하기 위해 리포좀에 순수한 ascorbic acid를 봉입시켜 안정한 리포좀을 제조하였다. 안정한 리포좀의 제조를 위해 cholesterol이나 $\beta$-sitosterol 이 리포좀의 안정화에 미치는 영향을 측정하였으며 ascorbic acid의 산화방지를 위해 항산화제로 butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT), tertiary butylhydroquinone(TBHQ)와 $\alpha$-glycosyl rutin, natural concentrated tocopherol을 사용하였다. 리포좀 제조시 cholesterol이나 $\beta$-sitosterol을 사용한 경우 ascorbic acid의 산화가 감소하였는데 이는 cholesterol이나 $\beta$-sitosterol이 리포좀의 이중막을 강화하여 봉입한 ascorbic acid의 방출을 감소시켜 산화를 방지하는 것으로 생각된다 또한 cholesterol의 농도가 0.3%인 경우 가장 안정한 리포좀이 생성됨을 알 수 있었다. 사용된 항산화제는 ascorbic acid에 대하여 모두 산화억제효과를 나타내었으며 tertiary butylhydroquinone, $\alpha$-glycosyl rutin, butylated hydroxytoluene, natura] concentrated tocopherol 순으로 우수함을 보였다. 그러나 제약 및 화장붐에 사용되는 ascorbic acid의 산화억제에는 효과가 가장 좋은 합성 항산화제인 tertiary butylhydroquinone보다 천연물질에서 추출한 항산화제인 $\alpha$-glycosyl rutin이 더 적합할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.864-868
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• 2004

철분은 생체 내에서 이루어지는 거의 모든 대사에 필수적인 성분이지만, 식음에 포함된 철분의 양은 극히 적어서 철분강화에 대한 연구가 꾸준히 진행되어 왔다. 이에 따라， 철분공여물질을 함유한 리포즘을 이용하여 철분 강화 식품첨가제를 개발하였다. 철분공여물질로 ferrous sulfate와 hemin을 사용하였으며, 이러한 철분 함유 리포좀을 제조하는데 가장 큰 문제점은 ferrous sulfate의 자체 산화와 ferrous sul fate와 hemin으로 인한 리포좀의 지질산화로 지적되었다 또한, ferrous sulfate에 의한 리포좀의 산화 정도는 hemin의 경우보다 낮은 것으로 관찰되었다. Ferrous sulfate의 자동 산화를 억제하기 위하여 수용성 항산화제인 ascorbic acid가 첨가되었으나, 첨가된 ascorbic acid는 ferrous sulfate와 hemin을 함유한 리포좀의 산화를 억제시키지 못했으며, 오히려 ferrous sulfate에 의한 리포좀의 산화를 촉진시키는 것으로 관찰되었다 여기에 지용성 항산화제인 $\alpha$-tocopherol을 추가적으로 첨가함으로써, ferrous sulfate의 자동산화를 억제하고 hemin과 ferrous sulfate에 의한 리포좀의 산화가 억제된 철분 함유 리포좀이 제조되었다.