• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

This study was conducted to determine the effects of processed tobacco leaves on the development, adult emergence and body weight of the cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) is serious insect pest of tobacco leaves and cigarette during storage. Developmental time, adult emergence rate and adult weight of the cigarette beetle, were evaluated on the cured tobacco and burley tobacco leaves at $30{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ with $70{\pm}5$ % RH under 12L:12D. The developmental time on all of the flue-cured tobacco leaves was about 61 days, but in the only CD3W and CD4TR grade burley tobacco, the developmental times ranged from 70 days to 74 days. Among the flue-cured tobacco leaves, the highest beetle emergence rate was 123 % on the CD3L grade, and the lowest was on the AB4OR grade. Adult body weights of the cigarette beetle reared on flue-cured tobacco were about 2.11~2.46 mg, and on the only CD3W and CD4TR grade burley tobacco were about 1.86~1.96 mg. Among the flue-cured tobacco leaves, the highest adult body weight(2.46 mg) of cigarette beetle was observed on the B1O grade flue-cured tobacco, whereas the lowest adult weight(2.11 mg) was observed on the CD4L grade flue-cured tobacco. The adult weight of cigarette beetle reared on whole meal was 2.04mg.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 1999

This study was conducted to determine the sidestream smoke concentration, nicotine, tar, and CO, by the characteristics of tobacco leaves and their combinations. 20 kinds of tobacco leaves and 15 types of their combinations were selected for this study. After collecting the sidestream smoke by fishtail chimney, the concentrations of nicotine, tar, and CO in sidestream smoke were analyzed. Variation in nicotine concentration of sidestream smoke among tobacco leaves and their combinations was as much as 9-times. Heavy leaves and burley leaves were higher in nicotine concentration than light leaves and flue-cured leaves, respectively, the reconstituted tobacco leaf had the minimum concentration of nicotine. Tar concentration of sidestream smoke also was changed by the characteristics of tobacco leaves and their combinations. As the american C4F had the maximum concentration of tar in sidestream smoke, the reconstituted tobacco leaf showed the minimum concentration. Blending 50 % flue-cured B1-0 plus 50% burley B1-T grade showed the highest value in the nicotine concentration. Also, in case of adding B3K and izmir tobacco leaves, the nicotine concentration was decreased. The tar concentration in the sidestream smoke increased as increasing the amount of flue-cured heavy leaf. The CO concentration was not so much Changed by the characteristics of tobacco leaves and their combinations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of storage period on the physico-chemical properties of tobacco leaves expanded by $CO_2$. The flue-cured and burley tobacco leaves produced from 1996 to 1999 were processed, and stored for that year or 3 years in processing plant. As compared with 1996 crop, the expanded rate of flue-cured tobacco leaves in 1999 crop was higher approximately 18%, while that of burley was higher about 10%. The filling capacity of cigarettes was decreased as storage time became shorter, but the combustibility was improved. The rate of large particles (over 3.36mm) of expanded tobacco showed decreasing tendency as the storage period became longer. The change rate of chemical contents in tobacco leaves between before and after expansion had no significant difference among corp years. The tar and CO contents of cigarettes smoke were reduced in the case of flue-cured tobacco leaves as storage time became shorter, while they were slightly increased in the case of burley tobacco leaves. The ammonia content of burley leaves was decreased remarkably in 1996 and 1999 crop.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.122-127
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• 1994

Feeding preference of cigarette beetle, Lasioderma sewicorne F., on cured tobacco leaves was investigated to obtain basic information on ecological management of the insect pest in tobacco storage warehouses. About 3, 000-4, 000 adults of the insect were released in a warehouse in which groud tobacco leaves were placed on the bottom and at 3m above the floor level, and numbers of insects attracted were examined. There was no significant difference on feeding preference between the two tobacco varieties, flue-cured(NC82) and air-cured(Br3l) tobacco leaves. However, significant differences were noted in feeding preference between thick and thin leaves and among different quality grades within a tobacco variety. Feeding preferences of cigarette beetle between flue- and air- cured tobacco varieties showed significant differences on the lower position, though there were no differences on the 3m upper position. On the 3m upper position, feeding preferences were different between thick and thin leaves of tobacco varieties, and variety X thickness and variety X thickness equality grades showed statistically significant differences. Significantly higher feeding preference by cigarette beetle adults was observed for the food placed on the 3m upper than on the lower position. There were negative correlations between quality grades of cured tobacco leaves and feeding preference on the lower position, and the regression equation was Y(feeding preference)=4.050-0.683 X (degree).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 1985

This study was conducted to obtain the information for the difference of chemical characteristics in each tobacco growing districts and year. The results obtained were as follows 1. Difference of chemical characteristics in 6 districts: In case of flue-cured tobacco leaves, the produced leaf tobacco from Cheong Ju and Dae Jeon districts showed middle level in nicotine and total sugar contents, on the other hand, low nicotine and high sugar contents tobacco leaves were produced in An Dong and Jin Ju districts and high nicotine and low sugar contents of tobacco leaves in Su Won and Chun Cheon , respectively. In Burley tobacco leaves, the nicotine and total nitrogen contents of Chun Cheon districts product's were lower than those of Dae Jeon , Jeon Ju and Kwang Ju district's one. 2. Comparison of each tobacco produced year : The nicotine contents of five-cured and Burley tobacco leaves were the highest in 1981 and 1979, respectively. Also, as time goes to recent year, nicotine and total nitrogen contents were decreased and total sugar contents somewhat was increased .

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 1996

The ovipositional responses of two strains of the cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne F., to thickness, of air- and flue-cured leaf tobacco were investigated. Eggs laid by the strains reared with wheatflour (95%) + yeast (5%) in the laboratory for several years were not different between air - and flue-cured tobacco leaves. There were negative correlations between grades of cured tobacco and ovipositional response, and the regression equation was Y(ovipositional response) : 58.22 - 10.15X(leaf grade). Adults of strains reared on tobacco leaves laid 161.00±80.29 eggs on the first grade of thick flue-cured leaves, and 7.67 ± 5.51 on the second grade of thin air-cured leaves. There was difference in ovipositional responses among different grades within variety, but significant differences were noted between thick and thin tobacco leaves. Key words : ovipositional response, cigarette beetle, Lasiodema sewicome F., tobacco.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.84-90
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• 2000

This study was conducted to determine the acid and phenol compounds in smoke total particulate matter(TPM) by the different tobacco variety, and grade of tobacco leaves. Sixteen kinds of tobacco leaves which were flue-curd, burley, orient, reconstituted tobacco, expanded stem, and expanded cut tobacco, were selected for this study. After collecting a TPM by using smoking machine, the concentration of TPM components was analyzed by GC. Acid components of TPM of mainstream smoke were different from the variety and grade. The order of the highest concentration of acid compounds in TPM was flue-cured > orient> burley> expanded cut tobacco> reconstituted tobacco> expanded stem. Though lactic acid and glycolic acid concentrations in flue-cured tobacco were twice higher than those in burley tobacco, the contents of 2-furoic acid and 3,4-dihydroxy butanoic acid in burley tobacco were higher than those in flue-cured tobacco. The content of phenolic compounds in the high grade and thick leaves was higher than that in other tobacco leaves. Phenol and catechol compounds in burley CD3W-2 revealed the least value in concentration among the samples tested. Pyrocatechol and hydroquinone concentrations in flue-cured tobacco were 2-3 times higher than those in burley and orient tobacco.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 1986

The fragility, which express the fineness index, increased linearly with the moisture content for various tobacco shreds and showed a high correlation to the moisture content. Then, fineness index (FIs) at reference moisture content(l2.5%) was obtained by following equation. FIs=FIm+A(12.5-Mm) A" denote the gradient of simple linear regression equation between the fineness index and moisture content. FIm; the fineness index measured at the standard moisture content(12.5%). The characteristics of fragility concerning with some kinds of tobacco raw materials, stalk position, moisture content and storaged time were investigated. The following results were obtained. 1. The moisture content range of less fragile of tobacco raw material was from 16% to 20%. whereas the rolled process sheet tobacco was from 12% to 16%. 2. The Bright yellow and the paper process sheet tobacco were less fragile than that of the other tobacco raw materials. 3. The leaves were more distant from middle stalk position, and its become more fragile. 4. Physical properties of the storaged tobacco leaves were determined as a function of each storageunction of each storage time. The long-term storaged leaves(more than 3 years) were slightly lighter weight, more fragility and lower equilbrium moisture content than thos of the mid-term storaged leaves.(less than 3 years). 5. Contents of chemical component of the storaged leaves were determined every storage time. The long-term storaged leaves were slightly lower content of nicotine and chlorine than those of mid-term storaged leaves, but contents of crude fiber, total ash and calcium were increased significantly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.20-26
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• 1991

This study was carried out to develop the method of alkaloids analysis and investigate the kinds and contents of alkaloids in flue-cured, burley and oriental tobacco leaves using developed analytical method. The developed analytical method of alkaloids was as followed : Tobacco sample was treated with acid(pH 2∼3) and extracted with chloroform to remove chemical components except alkaloids. Sample solution was treated with alkali(pH 12∼ 13) and was extracted with chloroform to obtain alkaloids from sample solution. After extraction of alkaloids from tobacco leaves, alkaloids were separated and identified by GC, GC/MS using SE-54 fused silica capillary column. Nicotine, nornicotine, myosmine, 9-nicotyline, anabasine, anatabine, 2, 3-bipyridyl, cotinine, formyl nornicotine, acetyl nornicotine and formal anatabine were isolated and identified from the extracts of tobacco leaves. The contents of alkaloids were burley > flue-cured > oriental tobacco leaves, but oriental tobacco leaves were higher nornicotine, cotinine, formyl nornicotine and acetyl nornicotine contents than those of flue-cured tobacco leaves. The burley tobacco harvested in Korea was higher nornicotine contents by 2-6 times in the portions of cutter, leaf and tips position than that of burley tobacco(B3F) harvested in V. S. A.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 1996

The occurrence and chemical properties of grey tobacco leaves (Type III) found in 1995 crop of flue-cured tobacco cultivated in paddy field were investigated to compare with those of normal leaves. Cured leaves of NC82 were separated by visual characters into 3 classes of slight, fair and severe symptoms of grey leaf by the percentage of grey parts to whole leaf area. Number of samples classified with discoloring portion was the order of greyish brown > reddish brown > greyish yellow, respectively. Grey leaves of this type were mostly found among the leaves harvested from upper stalk position, and it was estimated that growth rate of upper leaves also influenced on the occurrence of grey leaves. Grey leaves showed remarkably lower b* and L* values than those of normal leaves, while a* value was mostly higher in grey leaves. These tendencies in chromatic aberration showed more remarkable difference in the degree of grey symptoms. Chemical analyses of grey leaf samples indicated that they contained less total nitrogen and nicotine, and more total sugar and starch than those of normal leaves. In chemical traits, these tendencies were accordance with the degree of grey symptoms, and within the same leaf, grey parts were decreased in total nitrogen and ether extract content compared with those of normal parts, but there was no difference in nicotine and Cl contents. Key words : grey leaf tobacco (type III), grey symptom, color, chemical properties.