• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.885-893
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• 2003

In this paper, a new practical implementation of a person verification system using features of longitudinal section and transection and other facial, rotation compensated 3D face image, is proposed. The approach works by finding the nose tip that has a protrusion shape on the face. In feature recognition of 3D face image, one has to take into consideration the orientated frontal posture to normalize. Next, the special points in regions, such as nose, eyes and mouth are detected. The depth of nose, the area of nose and the volume of nose based both on the 3 longitudinal section and a transection are calculated. The eye interval and mouth width are also computed. Finally, the 12 features on the face were extracted. The Ll measure for comparing two feature vectors were used, because it is simple and robust. In the experimental results, proposed method achieves recognition rate of 95.5% for the longitudinal section and transection.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.145-148
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• 2003

In April of 2002, the gray mold disease occurred severely on kalanchoe (Kalanch oe blossfeldiana) grown in a nursery in Daesan-myon, Changwon City, Korea. The lesions were started with water-soaked spot and the leaves discolored from the tip and became gray or dark and gradully expanded to whole leaf. The conidia and mycelia of pathogen appearedd on flower, flower stalk and stem. Conidia were gray, 1-celled, mostly ellipsoid or ovoid in shape and were 8~17 ${\times}$5~12${\mu}m$ in size. Conidiophores were 13~34${\mu}m$ in size. The sclerotia were formed abundantly on potato-dextrose agar. The optimum temperature for sclerotial formation was $20^{\circ}C$. Pathogenicity of the causal organism was proved on Kalanchoe blossfeldiana according to Koch,s postulate. The causal organism was identified as Botrytis cinerea based on mycological characteristics. This is the first report on gray mold of Kalanchoe(Kalanchoe blossfeldiana) caused by Botrytis cinerea in Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.397-412
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to analyze the stress distribution in the dentin and post structures by the various post core materials and the amount of remaining coronal tooth structures. The 2-dimensional finite element models of mandibular 2nd premolars was divided into seven types according to the various amount of remaining coronal tooth structures. All types were modeled using equal length, diameter and shape of the post. 2 types of post and core materials were used : 1) cast gold post and core 2) stainless steel post and compsite resin core 10 Newton force was applied as follows 1) vertical force on occlusal fossa 2) $45^{\circ}$ oblique force on buccal surface of buccal cusp tip The results were as follows : 1. There was no apparent difference in the pattern of stress distribution according to the amount of remaining coronal tooth structure. 2. There was no apparent difference in the pattern of stress distribution within the dentin according to the post and core materials. A cast gold post and core generated lower dentin stress than a stainless steel post and resin core. 3. Max. dentinal stress resulting from vertical force was observed in the lingual side of dentin around the crown margin.This stress resulting from oblique force was observed in the lingual root surface of alveolar bone crest level.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.429-438
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• 2018

Cone and T-bar penetrometers have been frequently used to estimate the undrained shear strength of clay. For small-size model tests, miniature penetrometers should be used but their correlation factors have not been well published. In this study, a testing setup was developed to derive empirical factors of the miniature cone and T-bar penetrometers. A 350mm-diameter chamber and kaolin clay were utilized to prepare soil specimens consolidated under four different pre-consolidation pressures controlling undrained shear strength. Two miniature cones with two diameters of 10-mm and 16-mm and a T-bar penetrometer with 10-mm diameter were used to investigate boundary effect, penetration rate effect, and diameter and shape effect. Unconsolidated-undrained triaxial tests were carried out with samples taken from the specimens to measure undrained shear strength. Finally, empirical factors for the penetrometers were constructed to correlate tip resistance to undrained shear strength.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.631-637
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• 2013

The characteristics of involute gear pump with eccentric gap between gear tip and housing have been studied in terms of volumetric flow rate and/or flow efficiency. The analysis has been done with FLUENT/R-13 employing with k-e model for the turbulent flow under the given conditions of rotational velocity, gap distance and outlet pressure. The effect of parameters continues to be shown for the eccentric gear as same as for the concentric gear such that the volumetric flow rate (volumetric efficiency) increases as the increases of rotational velocity and decrease of gap distance and of outlet pressure. In the meantime, the shape of pressure build-up appears to be exponentially increase as gap distance decreases at upstream position. The pressure is rapidly developing in the upstream and remains almost constant thereafter in the downstream of circumferential flow path. This typical characteristics becomes more profound as eccentricity increases. The pump performance for the eccentric gear pump with minimum gap distance shows better than its concentric counterpart. However, it shows not for the concentric pump with minimum gap distance. Therefore, the gap reduction due to eccentricity may be positive for pump performance.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2005

Recently the needs of high reliable substances of high strength and high ductility are gradually increased with the development of aerospace industry. The characteristics of maraging steel has high ductililty, formability, corrosion resistant and high temperature strength and is easy to fabricate, weld and treat with heat, and maintain an invariable size even after heat treatment. e steels are furnished in the solution annealed condition and they achieve full properties through martensitic precipitation aging a relatively simple, low temperature heat treatment. As is true of the heat treating procedures, aging is a time/temperature dependent reaction. Therefore, the objective of this stud)'was consideration of fatigue characteristics according as Nb(niobium) content and time/temperature of heat treatment change. Also the stress analysis, fatigue lift, and stress intensity factor were compared with experiment results and FEA(finite element analysis) result. The maximum ftresses of)( Y, and Z axis direction showed about $2.12\times$10$^{2}$MPa, $4.40\times$10$^{2}$MPa and $1.32\times$10$^{2}$MPa respectively. The fatigue lives showed about $7\%$ lower FEA result than experiment result showing almost invariable error every analyzed cycle. Stress intensity factor of the FEA result was lower about $3.5~ 10\%$ than that of the experiment result showing that the longer fatigue crack ten添 the hi인or error. It considered that the cause for the difference was the modeled crack tip having always the same shape and condition regardless of the crack growth.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.500-502
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• 2011

'Dream Pink', a cultivar of Gypsophila paniculata was newly developed for cut flowers by Jeollabuk-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services. It has morphological characteristics of the intermediate plant type, double florets with many petal and two pistils, emarginate petal tip and campanulate calyx shape. Also 'Dream Pink' had several other traits such as strong flower stalk, deep pink flower color, resistance to powdery mildew and pest injury. Furthermore, 'Dream Pink' produced higher number of nodes, primary branches, longer flower stalk length with long intermodal length. In subalpine area, 'Dream Pink' cultivar showed narrow branching angle as compare to 'My Pink', during the summer cultivation. Blooming in 'Dream Pink' was delayed by 5 days, its florets were broader with more number of petals as compare to 'My Pink'.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.134-143
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• 2014

A significant degradation in the aerodynamic performance of wind turbine system can occur by ice accretion on the surface of blades operated in cold climate. The ice accretion can result in performance loss, overloading due to delayed stall, excessive vibration associated with mass imbalance, ice shedding, instrumental measurement errors, and, in worst case, wind turbine system shutdown. In this study, the effects of ice accretions on the aerodynamic characteristics of wind turbine blade sections are investigated on the basis of modern CFD method. In addition, the computational results are used to predict the performance of three-dimensional wind turbine blade system through the blade element momentum method. It is shown that the thickness of ice accretion increases from the root to the tip and the effects of icing conditions such as relative wind velocity play significant role in the shape of ice accretion.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.337-340
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• 2004

In April of 2003, the gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea was occured in zinnia seedlings grown in greenhouse at Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, and farmer's nursery. The symptoms of infected plants were started with water-soaking lesions in flower bud, leaves and stems. The lesions gradually expanded and infected plants became withered and discolored to gray or dark from the tip. The conidia and mycelia of the pathogen were appeared on flowers, leaves and stem. The conidia were gray, 1-celled, mostly ellipsoid or ovoid in shape and were 5${\sim}$16 ${\times}$ 4${\sim}$8 ${\mu}m$ in size. Conidiophores were 12${\sim}$28 ${\mu}m$ in size. The pathogenic fungi formed sclerotia abundantly on potato dextrose agar. The optimum temperature for sclerotial formation was $20^{\circ}C$. Pathogenicity of the causal organism was proved according to Koch's postulate. The causal organism was identified as Botrytis cinerea Persoon: Fries based on mycological characteristics. This is the first report on gray mold of Zinnia elegans caused by Botrytis cinerea in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.115-121
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• 2010

Objectives : Quality control of the needle tips and prevention of pollutions are important factor for safe and effective acupuncture treatment. Ear acupuncture needle is made by 3 companies in Korea, and used to treat for obesity or smoking in clinic frequently, but the Korean industrial Standard is proposed most recently. In spite of the importance, there has been little study about that. Moreover, there was no study about ear acupuncture needle. Methods : We investigated the current condition of needle shape and pollution about the tips and body of the ear acupuncture needle under the stereoscopic microscope. Samples are selected 100 pieces from 300 pieces randomly in each company. Results : The substandard needles are classified into four groups and counted 1. Normal condition (55.3%), 2. Scratch on the surface (14.0%), 3. Malformation of tips (19.3%), 4. Pollution of body (4.3%), 5. Multiple Substandard (7.0%). In the case of including type 2 as a standard needle, normal rate of A company was 81% when B was 76%, and C was 51%. Conclusion : The substandard ear acupuncture needles can induce local side effects such as needling pain or itching. Furthermore, it can disturb the proper effect of acupuncture treatment. We hope that this study can help to improvequality of ear acupuncture and reduce substandard rate for safe and effective ear acupuncture treatment.