• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.12-21
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• 2003

Purpose : In order to overcome limitations in the existing conventional spectrometer, a new spectrometer with advanced functionalities is designed and implemented. Materials and Methods : We designed a spectrometer using the TMS320C6701 DSP capable of 1 giga floating point operations per second (GFLOPS). The spectrometer can generate continuously varying complicate gradient waveforms by real-time calculation, and select image plane interactively. The designed spectrometer is composed of two parts: one is DSP-based digital control part, and the other is analog part generating gradient and RF waveforms, and performing demodulation of the received RF signal. Each recover board can measure 4 channel FID signals simultaneously for parallel imaging, and provides fast reconstruction using the high speed DSP. Results : The developed spectrometer was installed on a 1.5 Tesla whole body MRI system, and performance was tested by various methods. The accurate phase control required in digital modulation and demodulation was tested, and multi-channel acquisition was examined with phase-array coil imaging. Superior image quality is obtained by the developed spectrometer compared to existing commercial spectrometer especially in the fast spin echo images. Conclusion : Interactive control of the selection planes and real-time generation of gradient waveforms are important functions required for advanced imaging such as spiral scan cardiac imaging. Multi-channel acquisition is also highly demanding for parallel imaging. In this paper a spectrometer having such functionalities is designed and developed using the TMS320C6701 DSP having 1 GFLOPS computational power. Accurate phase control was achieved by the digital modulation and demodulation techniques. Superior image qualities are obtained by the developed spectrometer for various imaging techniques including FSE, GE, and angiography compared to those obtained by the existing commercial spectrometer.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.187-193
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• 2004

Wireless networks play a very important role in communications today. For example, wireless networks today provide from the basic services like e-mail and FTP to the multimedia applications like Web service. It is obvious that QoS requirements to these diverse applications over wireless networks will continue as in wired networks. Much research has been done to develop QoS supporting algorithms on Internet. But due to the limited bandwidth and varying channel states of the wireless networks, it is difficult to support differentiated service over wireless networks. In this paper we propose the modified wireless token ring protocol supporting QoS to the real-time traffic service node over Internet environments in which non-real-time and real-time traffic service nodes coexist. In the proposed algorithm, the real-time traffic service node gets the priority to take token over the non-real-time traffic service node. So the proposed algorithm support quick transmission of the real-time traffic service node. And this advantage can be obtained with minor modification of the legacy wireless token ing protocol to support QoS. We also consider the lost token recovery mechanism.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.7B
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• pp.433-439
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose a Flow Based Waiting Time Priority (FB-WTP) scheduler that supports the proportional delay differentiated services between classes. Existing scheduling algorithms utilize the configuration of scheduler, which is operated as class unit, applied to wired network. However, FB-WTP scheduler is operated as flow unit and can take advantage of multi-flow diversity effect in time-varying channel state environment. As a result, FB-WTP improves the average queueing delay on each class as well as supporting the average queueing delay ratio between classes. It also solves the HOL packet blocking problem implicitly. Simulation results show that FB-WTP scheduler has better system queueing delay performance than Look-ahead Waiting Time Priority (LWTP) scheduler and supports the larger queueing delay ratio between classes that network operator set.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.244-247
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• 2022

In this paper, the performance of the decoding schemes using linear MMSE filters in the frequency and time domains and the reinforcement Gauss-Seidel algorithm for the orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) system that can improve robustness under high-speed mobile environments are compared. The reinforcement Gauss-Seidel algorithm can improve the bit error rate performance by suppressing the noise enhancement. The simulation results show that the performance of the decoding scheme using the linear MMSE filter in the frequency domain is severely degraded due to the effect of Doppler shift as the mobile speed increases. In addition, the decoding scheme using the reinforcement Gauss-Seidel algorithm under the channel environment with 120 km/h and 500 km/h speeds outperforms the decoding schemes using linear MMSE filters in the frequency and time domains.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1287-1296
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• 2009

It is very important to estimate the Signal to Noise Ratio(SNR) of received signal in time varying channel state. Most SNR estimation techniques derive the SNR estimates solely from the samples of the received signal after the matched filter. In the severe distorted wireless channel, the performance of these estimators become unstable and degraded. LP-based SNR estimator which can operate on data samples collected at the front-end of a receiver shows more stable performance than other SNR estimator. In this paper, we study an efficient SNR estimation algorithm based on LP and propose a new estimation method to decrease the computation complexity. Proposed algorithm accomplishes the SNR estimation process efficiently because it uses the forward prediction error and its conjugate value during the linear prediction error update. Via the computer simulation, the performance of this proposed estimation method is compared and discussed with other conventional SNR estimators in digital communication channels.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.122-129
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• 2009

In this paper, we have proposed the QoS (quality of services) control scheme which can adjust data transfer rates of the session participants in response to their radio channel conditions under the time-varying propagation radio environment. The outage probability is selected as the performance index in order to compare the performance of the proposed scheme with the conventional QoS control scheme. The outage probability of the single and multiple paths is mathematically derived here and its numerical results are investigated. The results show that the significant performance improvement can be obtained compared with the conventional scheme and also the diversity gain can improve the radio link outage as the degrees of the multipath diversity increases. Therefore the overall performance improvement in terms of the QoS of the outage probability can be significantly be achieved by applying the proposed scheme.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.218-230
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• 1993

A power line modem(PLM) which transfers data safely through power lines in houses or small offices is considered. When a power line is used for communications, transmitted signals could be affected by the channel characteristics such as frequency-selective fading, interference, and time-varying attenuation. In order to overcome these impairments, a direct sequence(DS) technique which is well known as an effective instrument against a variety of interferences and hostile channel properties is employed. Using a DS technique, however, requires more circuits such as PN code generator circuits, code modification circuits, and complicated synchronization circuits, and it also results in substantial acquisition delay. In this paper, some of these circuits are implemented via software programmed in the system controller, and the complicated synchronization circuits are replaced by simple circuits utilizing a 60 Hz power signal for synchronization. The synchronization ciruits used in this paper virtually eliminate the substantial acquisition delay, and is also designed to free influence of 60 Hz zero crossing jitters which reside in a power signal. As a result, a PLM using a DS technique is realized in the form of wall-socket plug, and the PLM hardware would be very much simplified.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.1613-1621
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• 2015

This paper analyzes the rate adaptation scheme and suggests applicable strategy of the MCS(Modulation and Coding Scheme) for improving DCF throughput in the IEEE 802.11ad and 802.11ad wireless LAN. IEEE 802.11ac and 802.11ad wireless LAN provide MCS technique that dynamically adjusts modulation level and code rate to the time-varying channel conditions in order to obtain considerably high data rates. But these standards did not provide rate adaptation algorithm, so this paper surveyes rate adaptation algorithm and suggests MCS scheme applied to IEEE 802.11ac and 802.11ad wireless LAN. Specially A MAC(Medium Access Control) layer throughput is evaluated over error-prone channel in the IEEE 802.11ac-based wireless LAN. In this evaluation, DCF (Distributed Coordination Function) protocol and A-MPDU (MAC Protocol Data Unit Aggregation) scheme are used. Using theoretical analysis method, the MAC saturation throughput is evaluated with the PER (Packet Error Rate) on the condition that the number of station, transmission probability, the number of parallel beams and the number of frames in each A-MPDU are variables.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.329-338
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• 1999

In this paper we propose a WATM MAC protocol called DTDD/PS (Dynamic Time Division Duplex using Poll/Select scheme). The idea of the DTDD/PS protocol is based that a radio cell is considered as queueing system. The MAC controller in base station is charged in coordinating terminals for the QoS requirement from each terminal. For that reason, terminals send it's own dynamic parameter represented its status, and controller controls the access of terminals and assigns time slots dynamically using received parameters. Therefore this system can satisfy the QoS of real-time service in wireless environments. To evaluate DTDD/PS protocol simulations are executed. In 25Mbps channel capacity, the voice and data coexist traffic situation, as the total number of terminal is increased, the delay of data terminals is increased rapidly. But the case of only increasing data terminals, the number of supported voice terminals is not varying. Therefore we can expect that DTDD/PS protocol can applied to multimedia traffic effectively.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.4C
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• pp.365-373
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• 2003

In this paper, we design a versatle RS decoder which can decode RS codes of any block length n as well as any message length k, based on a modified Euclid's algorithm (MEA). This unique feature is favorable for a shortened RS code of any block length it eliminates the need to insert zeros before decoding a shortened RS code. Furthermore, the value of error correcting capability t can be changed in real time at every codeword block. Thus, when a return channel is available, the error correcting capability can be adaptiverly altered according to channel state. The decoder permits 4-step pipelined processing : (1) syndrome calculation (2) MEA block (3) error magnitude calculation (4) decoder failure check. Each step is designed to form a structure suitable for decoding a RS code with varying block length. A new architecture is proposed for a MEA block in step (2) and an architecture of outputting in reversed order is employed for a polynomial evaluation in step (3). To maintain to throughput rate with less circuitry, the MEA block uses not only a multiplexing and recursive technique but also an overclocking technique. The adaptive RS decoder over GF($2^8$) with the maximal error correcting capability of 10 has been designed in VHDL, and successfully synthesized in a FPGA.