• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.772-780
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• 2013

지방분해효소 활성이 가장 높은 균은 가을철에 집유한 B 지역의 원유로부터 분리한 Acinetobacter genomospecies 10(match %: 99.90)이었으며, 단백질분해효소 활성이 가장 높은 균은 봄철에 B 지역의 원유로부터 분리한 Serratia liquefaciens(match %: 99.39)였다. Acinetobacter genomospecies 10(match %:99.90)는 전형적인 생장곡선의 형태인 시그모이드 곡선의 형태를 나타냈으며, 배양시간별 조효소 활성은 배양시간이 증가할수록 지방분해효소 활성이 증가하다가 정지기 후반부에서부터 사멸기에 도달하기까지는 배양시간이 길수록 활성이 감소하였다. pH에 따른 지방분해효소 활성은 pH 8.5에서 가장 높았고 온도는 $45^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다. Serratia liquefaciens(match %: 99.39)의 생장곡선은 전형적인 시그모이드 형태를 나타내었고, 단백질분해효소 활성은 배양 12시간 후에 가장 높았고, 18시간 후에는 다시 감소하는 양상을 나타냈다. 단백질 분해효소의 pH 영향은 2.5에서 활성이 가장 낮았고 pH 8.5에서 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 또한 반응온도에 의한 효소활성은 $35^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높았다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 1998

Alga와 같은 미생물은 중금속을 흡수한다. Alga(Anabaena)로 변성시킨 탄소반죽전극으로 Cd(Ⅱ)이온을 사전농축시켜서 Cd(Ⅱ)을 양극벗김 펄스차이 전압-전류법으로 정량하였다. Cd(Ⅱ)의 산화봉우리는 -0.75V vs. SCE.에서 나타났으며, 이 봉우리를 이용하여 Cd(Ⅱ) 정량의 최적조건을 조사하였다. 변성전극의 제작에 미치는 alga양의 영향과 Cd(Ⅱ)의 사전농축에 미치는 pH와 이온세기, 온도 및 사전농축시간에 대한 영향을 조사하였으며. 전극표면에 사전 농축시킨 Cd(Ⅱ)이온을 전해환원시키는 시간과 전위의 영향도 조사하였다. Cd(Ⅱ)을 정량하기 위한 검정선은 $1.0{\times}10^6\;M ~ 8.0{\times}10^6\;M$범위에서 직선성(상관계수는0.9978)이 성립하였고 검출한계는 $5.0{\times}10^{-7}\;M$이었다. $7.0{\times}10^{-6}\;M$ Cd(Ⅱ)용액에서 얻은 상대표준편차는 3.1%(n=6)이었다. Alga변성전극의 사용횟수는 0.1M HCl 용액으로 전극표면을 재생시킬 때에 10회까지 연속측정이 가능하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.75-83
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• 1990

An experiment was conducted with three ruminally and intestinally cannulated non-lactating cows of Finnish Ayrshire breed, to assess the ruminal degradation characteristics of oat (Avena sativa), rye (Secale cereale) and rice (Oryza sativa) straw by the nylon bag technique, and the subsequent post-ruminal degradation of their rumen-undegraded residues by using the mobile bag technique, respectively. The straw samples were untreated or treated with aqueous $NH_3$ or with urea solution in cold or hot water. The untreated straw samples were milled or chopped, and the treated straw samples were chopped. The constant values a, b, and c were computed according to the exponential equation, where a = intercept of degradation curve at time 0, b = potentially degradable material, c = rate of degradation of band (a+b) = maximum potential degradability (asymptote). It was found that nitrogen contents of chemically treated straw were markedly increased by both $NH_3$ and urea treatments. Milling the samples attributed to a remarkable loss at 0 h incubation time as compared to chopping of the respective samples. However, chemical treatment markedly improved the b value and the subsequent (a+b) values for dry matter, organic matter, neutral-detergent fiber, and acid-detergent fiber of the samples. Furthermore, temperature of the water used in the urea solutions was considered essential, since urea in hot water rather than in cold water seemed to enhance the overall degradability. The disappearance of rumen-incubated straw residues from the mobile bags ranged from 4.5 to 9.6% for the parameters measured. On average, the OM disappearance from bags was clearly higher for the residues of urea treated straw compared to those of ammonia treated straw, but the disappearance of NDF tended, however, to be higher on the ammonia treatment.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2016

Background: For positron emission tomography (PET) application, cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) has been investigated by several institutes to replace detectors from a conventional system using photomultipliers or Silicon-photomultipliers (SiPMs). The spatial and energy resolution in using CZT can be superior to current scintillator-based state-of-the-art PET detectors. CZT has been under development for several years at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) to provide a high performance gamma ray detection, which needs a single crystallinity, a good uniformity, a high stopping power, and a wide band gap. Materials and Methods: Before applying our own grown CZT detectors in the prototype PET system, we investigated preliminary research with a developed discrete type data acquisition (DAQ) system for coincident events at 128 anode pixels and two common cathodes of two CZT detectors from Redlen. Each detector has a $19.4{\times}19.4{\times}6mm^3$ volume size with a 2.2 mm anode pixel pitch. Discrete amplifiers consist of a preamplifier with a gain of $8mV{\cdot}fC^{-1}$ and noise of 55 equivalent noise charge (ENC), a $CR-RC^4$ shaping amplifier with a $5{\mu}s$ peak time, and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) driver. The DAQ system has 65 mega-sample per second flash ADC, a self and external trigger, and a USB 3.0 interface. Results and Discussion: Characteristics such as the current-to-voltage curve, energy resolution, and electron mobility life-time products for CZT detectors are investigated. In addition, preliminary results of gamma ray imaging using 511 keV of a $^{22}Na$ gamma ray source were obtained. Conclusion: In this study, the DAQ system with a CZT radiation sensor was successfully developed and a PET image was acquired by two sets of the developed DAQ system.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2008년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.199-203
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• 2008

With recent trend in domestic and global market requiring architectures' conversion into skyscrapers seasoned with the features of landmarks, structural problems in relation with explosive spatting during fire emergencies are arising as controversial issues. Accordingly, many productive researches have been made in relation to the reinforcement techniques for improving fire resistance and the number of applications in the field is gradually increasing. In this study, a ductile outline form using ECC (Engineered Cementations Composites) was made with improvements on the structure and fire resistance to examine its applicability. Also, currently in Japan, the number of studies and applications is increasing focusing on reduction of construction time and improvement of workability with application of Half-PCa method. However, using such method of construction, large structural members decrease the utilization of space and architecture-wise, there is a disadvantage of the weight increase. Therefore, in such context, it would be worth reducing the weight of the structural members by reducing the size using ECC. In addition, its excellent pseudo strain-hardening due to fiber may have great effects on seismic designs. In the mean time, this study planned 3 equal conditions for mix water, PVA fiber and additives excluding binder and refractory to evaluate the mechanical properties of resistance against pressure and internal force. Finally, an evaluation was executed on the fire resistance of the newly made ductile outline form. As a result, from ECC-I to ECC-III, all showed excellent mechanical properties due to pseudo strain-hardening and in the fire resistance test conducted with ISO 834 heating curve, most of them tended to be in the range of the reference temperature (538℃-180min), so there was no occurrence of any explosive spatting.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.202-206
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• 2005

Magnesium Aluminum Spinel ($MgAl_2O_4$)은 자외선 선량계에로 응용성을 가지고 있는 Aluminum oxide와 유사한 물리 화학적 특성을 가지고 있다. $MgAl_2O_4$의 자외선 선량계로 응용하기 위한 열자자극발광 특성을 조사하였다. 자외선 조사된 $MgAl_2O_4$의 3차원 열자극발광 스펙트럼을 300${\~}$600 K 및 300${\~}$800 nm 범위에서 측정하였다. 자외선 조사시간의 증가함에 따라 열자극발광 곡선의 정점 온도는 낮은 쪽으로 이동하였다. 476 K 정점의 열자극발광 곡선은 second-order kinetics이고, 활성화 에너지 및 이탈진동수는 각각 0.85 eV 및 $1.92{\times}10^6\;sec^{-1}$이다. 열자극발광 스펙트럼은 530 nm 및 700 nm 방출 스펙트럼으로 나눠지고, 이들은 각각 $V^{2+}$와 $Cr^{2+}$에 포획된 양공에 기인한다. 700 nm 열자극발광의 선형성이 530 nm 보다 작은 반면, 700 nm 열자극발광의 포화는 530 nm 보다 더 많은 조사시간에서 나타난다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2002

An unsteady-state moisture diffusion through cellulosic fibers in paper was characterized from the moisture sorption experiment and the mathematical modeling. The sorption experiment was conducted by exposing thin dry paper specimens to a constant temperature-humidity environment. Oven dried blotting papers and filter papers were used as test samples and the gains of their weights were constantly monitored and recorded as a function of sorption time. For a mathematical approach, the moisture transport was assumed to be an one-dimensional diffusion in thickness direction through the geometrically symmetric structure of paper. The model was asymptotically simplified with a short-term approximation. It gave us a new insight into the moisture uptake phenomena as a function of square root of sorption time. The fiber-phase moisture diffusivities(FPMD) of paper samples were then determined by correlating the experimental data with the unsteady-state diffusion model obtained. Their values were found to be on the order of magnitude of $10^{-6}-10^{-7}cm^2$/min., which were equivalent to the hypothetical effective diffusion coefficients at the limit of zero porosity. The moisture sorption curve predicted from the model fairly agreed with that obtained from the experiment at some limited initial stages of the moisture uptake process. The FPMD value of paper significantly varied depending upon the current moisture content of paper. The mean FPMD was about 0.7-0.8 times as large as the short-term approximated FPMD.

• 센서학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 동맥혈중 이산화탄소 분압을 실시간으로 추정하는 capnograph 시스템에 상용되는 대부분 NDIR 흡수식(non-dispersive infrared absorption) 광챔버와 신호처리회로를 설계 및 구현하였다. 광챔버 설계시 일반 정상인의 capnogram을 주파수 분석하여 적합한 광쵸핑 주파수를 결정한 뒤, 이에 근거하여 시간응답을 고려한 광챔버를 설계하였으며, 열잡음에 대한 영향을 줄이기 위해 2광원 1센서 방식의 $CO_2$ 농도 신호처리회로를 구현하였다. 구현된 광챔버에 대한 가스배출시간을 조사하였으며 신호처리회로를 외부 온도 변화 실험에 적용한 결과 2광원 1센서 방식이 안정된 출력 신호를 얻을 수 있음을 확인하였고, 실제 사람의 호흡에 대한 실험결과 정상적인 capnogram 형태의 $CO_2$ 농도 변화 곡선을 보였다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2008

Objectives : In this paper, we describe that $^1H-NMR$ spectroscopy may be superior to the conventional HPLC for the quantitative analysis of hesperidin from Citrus unshiu. Methods : $^1H-NMR$ spectra (400 MHz) were recorded in $DMSO-d_6$ using a Varian UNITY Inova AS 400 FT NMR spectrometer. One hundred milligram of powdered Citrus unshiu was weighed out and mixed with 1 ml of $DMSO-d_6$ with sonication for 30 min (room temperature). The extracts were filtrated through a 0.45 ${\mu}m$ PVDF filter and 0.5 ml of filtrated extract used for quantitative $^1H-NMR$ measurement (added 1 mg of dimethyl terephthalate as internal standard). The quantity of hesperidin was calculated by the ratio of the intensity of the compound to the known amount of internal standard. For HPLC analysis, the half gram of plant material was extracted with 60 ml of MeOH for 2 hours. The extracts were made 100 ml volume and analyzed by a Waters HPLC system using a YMC ODS column. The total flow rate was 1.0 ml/min with a sample volume 10 ${\mu}l$ and UV detection at 280nm. Results : The contents of hesperidin in Citrus unshiu was determined $5.33{\pm}0.06$% in the quantitative $^1H-NMR$ method and $5.15{\pm}0.12%$ in HPLC method. Using the quantitative $^1H-NMR$ the contents of hesperidin can be determined in much shorter time than the conventional HPLC measurements. Conclusions : From those results, the advantages of quantitative $^1H-NMR$ analysis are that can be analyzed to identify and quantify, and no reference compounds required for calibration curve. Besides, it allows rapid and simple quantification for hesperidin with an analysis time for only 10 min without any pre-purification steps.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.8-19
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• 1993

강제순환 냉각상실사고시 조밀화된 저장계통의 사용후 핵연료에서 생성된 붕괴열의 제거를 확인하기 위한 자연순환 해석모델이 개발되었다 채택된 수치기법은 ADI방법에 근거하였다. 사용후 핵연료의 붕괴열 생성율은 ANS-79 붕괴열 모델에 따라 계산되었으며, 보수적인 붕괴열 생성량 입력을 위해 chopped sine곡선에 따른 비균일 표면열속이 가정되었다. 저장조내 국부비등의 발생 가능성을 조사하기 위해서 민감도분석이 수행되었으며, 이는 핵연료간 거리 비, 열 생성량 및 핵연료 봉 반지름 등의 여러 변수를 변경시킴으로서 이루어졌다. 이 모델의 적용결과는 적절한 냉각시간 후의 조밀화된 사용후 핵연료 다발을 통한 자연대류 유량이 안전하고 효과적인 방식으로 저장조의 온도준위를 조절할 수 있음을 보여주고 있으며, 또한 사용후 핵연료봉 재배치를 위한 냉각시간에 관한 허용기준이 얻어졌다.