• 치위생과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.369-377
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• 2013

본 연구는 일부 대학생의 흡연실태와 흡연실태에 따른 흡연신념을 파악하여 대학생의 건강증진에 도움이 될 수 있는 흡연 예방 및 금연 프로그램 개발과 활용에 필요한 자료를 제공하고자 2012년 5월 1일부터 6월 1일까지 전라북도에 위치하고 있는 10개 대학교 학생 중 1,696명을 대상으로 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 흡연실태는 흡연경험이 있는 학생은 23.7%였고, 처음 흡연한 시기는 고등학교가 42.1%로 가장 높았고, 흡연기간은 4년 이상이 46.1%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 2. 일반적 특성에 따른 흡연신념은 한 달 용돈이 30만원~39만원과, 40만원 이상에서 1.91점으로 가장 높았고(p<0.001), 흡연과 구강건강 관련성은 '전혀 그렇지 않다'가 2.00점으로 가장 높게 나타났다(p<0.001). 3. 흡연실태에 따른 흡연신념은 처음 흡연한 시기에서 초등학교가 2.66점으로 가장 높았고, 친한 친구 5명 중 흡연하는 친구는 4명이 2.60점으로 가장 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 4. 흡연의존도와 금연의도에 따른 흡연신념은 흡연의존도에서 '매우 그렇다'가 2.75점으로 가장 높았고(p<0.001), 금연의도는 '금연하지 않음'이 2.68점으로 가장 높게 나타났다(p<0.01).

• 한국조사연구학회지:조사연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.97-121
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• 2010

본 연구는 Health and Retirement Study(HRS) 패널 자료를 사용하여 민간장기요양보험과 재가요양서비스 이용의 결정요인을 파악하고, 민간장기요양보험이 재가서비스 이용에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 민간장기요양보험은 해지율이 높아 시간 경과에 따라 가입상태가 크게 달라지는 특성을 지닌다. 본 연구는 이러한 시간 의존적 변수의 영향력을 살펴보기 위하여 이산시간모델을 사용하였다. 또한 완전정보 최대우도법을 사용하여 민간장기요양보험 가입과 재가요양서비스 이용 간의 내생성을 설명하고자 하였다. 본 연구에 따르면 민간장기요양보험과 메디케이드 가입자가 재가요양서비스를 이용할 확률이 비가입자에 비하여 유의하게 높지 않았고, 소득이나 자산 등의 경제학적 변수도 재가요양서비스를 이용할 확률에 유의한 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 반면, 건강관련 변수는 재가요양서비스를 이용할 확률에 결정적인 영향을 미쳤고, 비공식 수발자가 존재하는 경우에는 재가 요양서비스를 이용할 확률은 유의하게 낮았다. 민간장기요양보험 가입에 영향을 미치는 요인을 보면, 소득과 자산 등의 경제적 요인과 민간장기요양보험 가입은 유의한 정적 관계에 있었으며, 건강상태가 나쁘고 나이가 많을수록 민간장기요양보험에 가입할 확률이 낮았다. 자녀와 거주하는 경우는 다른 가족과 거주하는 경우보다 민간장기요양보험에 가입할 확률이 유의하게 낮았고, 배우자와 둘만 거주하는 경우는 다른 가족과 거주하는 경우보다 장기요양보험에 가입할 확률이 유의하게 높았다. 마지막으로 위의 연구결과가 미국과 한국의 장기요양시장에 시사하는 바를 제언하였다.

• Journal of Korean Vacuum Science & Technology
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.23-26
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• 2000

We have fabricated by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) In$\_$0.13/Ga$\_$0.87/N/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) with thickness as thin as 10 A and barriers also of th same width on (0001) sapphire substrate. We have investigated this thin MQW by steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence(PL) in picosecond time scale in a wide temperature range from 10 to 290 K. In the PL at 10 K, we observed a broad peak at 3.134 eV which was attributed to the quantum well emission of InGaN. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of this peak was 129 meV at 10 K and its broadening at low temperatures was considered to be due to compositional fluctuations and interfacial disorder in the alloy. The narrow width of the quantum well was mainly responsible for the broadening of the emission linewidth. We also observed an intense and sharp peak at 3.471 eV of GaN barrier. From the temperature dependent PL measurements, the activation energy of the InGaN quantum well emision peak was estimated to be 69 meV. The lifetime of the quantum well emission was found to be 720 ps at 10 K, which was explained in terms of the exciton localization arising from potential fluctuations.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.233-239
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• 2014

The present study was designed to investigate the effect Hypericum Perforatum (HP), on behavioral changes, corticosterone, TNF-${\alpha}$ levels and tryptophan metabolism and disposition in bilateral ovariectomized rats compared to $17{\alpha}$-ethinylestradiol. Behavioral analysis by measuring immobility time in forced swimming test and open field test, serum and hippocampal corticosterone and TNF-${\alpha}$ along with hippocampal kynurenine/tryptophan ratio were determined in mature ovariectomized rats treated orally either by HP at three different doses 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg/day or by $17{\alpha}$-ethinylestradiol $30{\mu}g/kg/day$ for 30 days. Ovariectomized rats showed significant increase in immobility time in the forced swimming test. Along with elevation in serum and hippocampal TNF-${\alpha}$ and corticosterone levels associated with significant increase in hippocampal kynurenine/tryptophan ratio. Immobility time in the forced swimming test was decreased in rats treated by different doses of HP in a dose dependent manner and $17{\alpha}$-ethinylestradiol with no concomitant changes in the open field test. Only Rats treated with HP exhibited significant decrease in the elevated serum and hippocampal TNF-${\alpha}$ and corticosterone, which couldn't explain the associated insignificant effect on hippocampaus kynurenine/tryptophan ratio in comparison to ovariectomized untreated rats. It is concluded that increased tryptophan metabolism toward kynurenine secondary to elevated corticosterone and TNF-${\alpha}$ might be one of the pathohphysiological mechanisms that could explain depression like state observed in this rat model. Further, the observed attenuating effect of HP on TNF-${\alpha}$ and corticosterone could contribute in its antidepressant effect in this animal model by other ways than their effects on tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism pathway.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1826-1832
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• 2007

We describe the fabrication of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA) hydrogel microstructures with a high aspect ratio and the use of hydrogel microstructures containing the enzyme ${\beta}$-galactosidase (${\beta}$-Gal) or glucose oxidase (GOx)/horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as biosensing components for the simultaneous detection of multiple analytes. The diameters of the hydrogel microstructures were almost the same at the top and at the bottom, indicating that no differential curing occurred through the thickness of the hydrogel microstructure. Using the hydrogel microstructures as microreactors, ${\beta}$-Gal or GOx/HRP was trapped in the hydrogel array, and the time-dependent fluorescence intensities of the hydrogel array were investigated to determine the dynamic uptake of substrates into the PEG-DA hydrogel. The time required to reach steady-state fluorescence by glucose diffusing into the hydrogel and its enzymatic reactions with GOx and HRP was half the time required for resorufin ${\beta}$-D-galactopyranoside (RGB) when used as the substrate for ${\beta}$-Gal. Spatially addressed hydrogel microarrays containing different enzymes were micropatterned for the simultaneous detection of multiple analytes, and glucose and RGB solutions were incubated as substrates. These results indicate that there was no cross-talk between the ${\beta}$-Gal-immobilizing hydrogel micropatches and the GOx/HRP-immobilizing micropatches.

• BMB Reports
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.551-558
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• 2001

We extended the measurable time scale of DNA dynamics to submicrosecond using a long-lifetime metal-ligand complex, $[Ru(phen)_2(dppz)]^{2+}$ (phen=1,10-phenanthroline, dppz=dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine) (RuPD), which displays a mean lifetime near 350 ns. We partially characterized the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in calf thymus DNA from RuPD to nile blue (NB) using frequency-domain fluorometry with a high-intensity, blue light-emitting diode (LED) as the modulated light source. There was a significant overlap of the emission spectrum of the donor RuPD with the absorption spectrum of the acceptor NB. The F$\ddot{o}$rster distance ($R_0$) that was calculated from the spectral overlap was $33.4\;{\AA}$. We observed dramatic decreases in the steady-state fluorescence intensities of RuPD when the NB concentration was increased. The intensity decays of RuPD were matched the closest by a triple exponential decay. The mean decay time of RuPD in the absence of the acceptor NB was 350.7 ns. In a concentration-dependent manner, RuPD showed rapid intensity decay times upon adding NB. The mean decay time decreased to 184.6 ns at $100\;{\mu}M$ NB. The FRET efficiency values that are calculated from the mean decay times increased from 0.107 at $20\;{\mu}M$ NB to 0.474 at $100\;{\mu}M$ NB concentration. The use of FRET with a long-lifetime metal-ligand complex donor is expected to offer the opportunity to increase the information about the structure and dynamics of nucleic acids.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2003

Cellular redox state is known to be perturbed during ischemia and that $Ca^{2+}$ and $K^2$ channels have been shown to have functional thiol groups. In this study, the properties of thiol redox modulation of the ATP-sensitive $K^2$ ($K_{ATP}$) channel were examined in rabbit ventricular myocytes. Rabbit ventricular myocytes were isolated using a Langendorff column for coronary perfusion and collagenase. Single-channel currents were measured in excised membrane patch configuration of patch-clamp technique. The thiol oxidizing agent 5,5'-dithio-bis-(2-nitro-benzoic acid) (DTNB) inhibited the channel activity, and the inhibitory effect of DTNB was reversed by dithiothreitol (disulfide reducing agent; DTT). DTT itself did not have any effect on the channel activity. However, in the patches excised from the metabolically compromised cells, DTT increased the channel activity. DTT had no effect on the inhibitory action by ATP, showing that thiol oxidation was not involved in the blocking mechanism of ATP. There were no statistical difference in the single channel conductance for the oxidized and reduced states of the channel. Analysis of the open and closed time distributions showed that DTNB had no effect on open and closed time distributions shorter than 4 ms. On the other hand, DTNB decreased the life time of bursts and increased the interburst interval. N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), a substance that reacts with thiol groups of cystein residues in proteins, induced irreversible closure of the channel. The thiol oxidizing agents (DTNB, NEM) inhibited of the $K_{ATP}$ channel only, when added to the cytoplasmic side. The results suggested that metabolism-induced changes in the thiol redox can also modulate $K_{ATP}$ channel activity and that a modulatory site of thiol redox may be located on the cytoplasmic side of the $K_{ATP}$ channel in rabbit ventricular myocytes.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2016

Opuntia humifusa (OHF) has been used as a nutraceutical source for the prevention of chronic diseases. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of ethyl acetate extracts of OHF on the proliferation of AGS human gastric cancer cells and the mode of action were investigated. To elucidate the antiproliferative mechanisms of OHF in cancer cells, the expression of genes related to apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were determined with real-time PCR and western blot. The cytotoxic effect of OHF on AGS cells was observed in a dose-dependent manner. Exposure to OHF ($100{\mu}g/mL$) significantly induced (P<0.05) the G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Additionally, the apoptotic cell population was greater (P<0.05) in OHF ($200{\mu}g/mL$) treated AGS cells when compared to the control. The expression of genes associated with cell cycle progression (Cdk4, Cdk2, and cyclin E) was significantly downregulated (P<0.05) by the OHF treatment. Moreover, the expression of Bax and caspase-3 in OHF treated cells was higher (P<0.05) than in the control. These findings suggest that OHF induces the G1 phase cell cycle arrest and activation of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway in AGS human gastric cancer cells.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.333-341
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test whether pre-operative visual information and parental presence had positive effects on anxiety, delirium, and pain in pediatric patients who awoke from general anesthesia in a post-surgical stage. Methods: This study used a non equivalent control-group post test design (n=76). Independent variables were provision of pre-operative visual information and parental presence for post-surgical pediatric patients in PACU (post anesthesia care unit). Dependent variables were anxiety, delirium, and pain in the pediatric patients measured three times at 10 minute intervals after extubation in the PACU. Measurements included Numerical Rating Scale for assessing state anxiety, Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale by Sikich & Lerman (2004) for delirium, and Objective Pain Scale by Broadman, Rice & Hannallah (1988) for pain. Results: Experimental group showed significantly decreased state anxiety at time points-10, 20, and 30 minutes after extubation. Delirium was significantly lower at 10 minutes and 30 minutes after extubation in the experimental group. Pain was significantly lower at 10 minutes after extubation in the experimental group. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that this intervention can be a safe pre-operative nursing intervention for post-surgical pediatric patients at PACU.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.143-150
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• 1997

본 연구는 수소로 희석된 $B_2H_6$를 도판트 소스 가스로 사용하여 이온 질량 주입(ion mass doping)을 하였을 때 다결정 박막의 전기적 특성과 도판트의 활성화시 방사 손상(radiation damage)의 효과에 대하여 고찰하였다. 다결정 박막에서 보론(boron)의 SIMS 분석과 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션인 TRIM92를 비교해서 가장 주입 확률이 높은 이온의 종류는 $B_2H_x\;^+$(x=1, 2, 3‥‥) 형태의 분자 이온임을 알았다. 높은 에너지의 질량 이온 주입 결과 시간에 따라 변화하는 비정질화된 층의 분율이 다결정 박막 내에 연속적인 비정질 충으로 존재하였다. 주입 이온의 질량 분리가 일어나지 않는 이온 질량 주입법(ion mass doping technique)에 의해 비정질화는 유발된다. 손상된 시편의 중간 열처리 온도 범위에서 도판트 활성화 거동과 역 열처리(reverse annealing) 효과가 관찰되었다. 이와 같은 연구의 결과 p-채널 다결정 박막 트랜지스터의 오프 스테이트(off-state) 전류는 방사 손상(radiation damage)에 의존한다.