• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.55-66
• /
• 1995

The goals of nursing education, and the bases for evaluating them depend on the goals of nursing practice. In order to prepare for the coming twenty first century and the meet changing societal demands and health needs, it is necessary to develop a new conceptual framework for future nursing education. While hospitals will still be in significant components of the health care system, will no longer be central focus or dominant influence. Health care services will be more usually delivered at community base. The nursing education required by that new approach must provide for reconsidered about a concept of caring as nursing curriculum. The changes in health care delivery that have occured, now being proposed, for nursing education undergoing its own changes. So the philosophy and objectives of education meed to reconsidering about the caring concept and general nursing. Nurse educators must prepare students to practic in condition of constant change. At the same time nurse educators must emphasize preparation about that. The practice of science of caring in nursing draws on a basic knowledge of the behavioral knowledge, biophysical processes, pathological processes, nursing skills and procedures and various treatment regimes and problem solving to help decision making in nursing situations. The concept of care is probably one of the least understood ideas used by professional and nonprofessional people, yet it is probably one of the most improtant concepts to be understood by nursing. Human caring and human relationships are closely interrelated. Humn caring remains an essential dimension of professional work and the science of caring as essental to the discipline of nursing. It is expected that the objectives of nursing education will be accomplished when the course and content of the curriculum are based on this conceptual framework. One recurrent education goal with some consistency is that of equipping the student with the necessary skills to live effectively and productivly in the world of tomorrow. In the new vision we are developing, professional education must also include exposure to liberal arts, encouragement of critical thinking, and a moral context for advanced professional education that is based upon a contextual health policy and caring science educational model.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.41-45
• /
• 2012

Purpose: Fibular osteocutaneous free flap is the procedure of choice for mandibular reconstruction. However, the anatomic consistency and the reliability of the skin paddle have been considered to be questionable and the utilization of the fibular osteocutaneous free flap can be challenging for the inexperienced surgeon. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) angiography can support revolutionary help with the operator design of the fibular osteocutaneous flap. The purpose of this article is to share the valuable experience of support with preoperative CT angiography. Methods: Three consecutive patients, who needed mandibular reconstruction, were treated with fibular osteocutaneous free flap. Each of the patients had undergone lower extremity CT angiography before the surgery. The CT angiographies were scrupulously investigated to calculate the locations and the tracts of the peroneal artery perforators. We compared the findings of the CT angiography with those of the real operation. Results: The information about the perforators was sufficiently matched with the findings of the operation. With the use of preoperative CT angiography, we were able to achieve confident performance during operation, shortening of operation time, and fine outcomes with a no flap failure. Conclusion: The CT angiography of lower extremity can provide reliable information of the perforators of the fibular osteocutaneous free flap.

• Journal of Drive and Control
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2015

The stability of friction characteristics and thermal management for a dry type dual clutch transmission (DCT) are inferior to those of a wet clutch. Too high temperature resulting from frequent engagement of DCT speeds up degradation or serious wear of the pressure plate or burning of the clutch disk lining. Even though it is significantly important to estimate the temperature of a dry double clutch (DDC) in real-time, few meaningful study of the thermal model of DDC has been known yet. This study presented a thermal analytical model of lumped parameters for a DDC by analyzing its each component firstly. Then a series of experimental test was carried out on the test bench with a patented temperature telemetry system to validate the proposed thermal model. The thermal model, whose optimal parameter values were found by optimization algorithm, was also simulated on the experimental test conditions. The simulation results of DDC temperature show consistency with the experiment, which validates the proposed thermal model of DDC.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.215-223
• /
• 2000

The advancements in technology which have lead to higher and higher levels of integration have required advancements in the methods used in designing VLSI chip. A key to enable a complicated chip design is the use of hierarchy in the design process. Hierarchy organizes the function of a large number of transistors ito a particular, easy-to-manage function. For these reasons, hierarchy has been used in the design process of digital functions for many years. However, there exists differences in a design analysis phase, especially in timing analysis, due to multiple views for the same design. In timing analysis of the hierarchical design, every path is analyzed within partitioned modules independently and the global timing analysis is applied to the whole design considering each module as a single timing component. Therefore, timing results of the hierarchical design could not be same as those of non-hierarchical flat design. In this paper, we formulate the timing problem in the hierarchical design and analyze the possible source of timing differences. We define a new terminology of "consistent result" between different views for the same design. We also propose a new partitioning algorithm to obtain the consistent results. This algorithm helps to enhance the design cycle time.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
• /
• v.13A no.6 s.103
• /
• pp.525-532
• /
• 2006

Compared with the previous recovery algorithms for causal message logging, Elnozahy's recovery algerian considerably reduces the number of stable storage accesses and enables live processes to execute their computations continuously while performing its recovery procedure. However, if causal message logging is used with asynchronous checkpointing, the state of the system may be inconsistent after having executed this algorithm in case of concurrent failures. In this paper, we show these inconsistent cases and propose a low-cost recovery algorithm for causal message logging to solve the problem. To ensure the system consistency, this algorithm allows the recovery leader to obtain recovery information from not only the live processes, but also the other recovering processes. Also, the proposed algorithm requires no extra message compared with Elnozahy's one and its additional overhead incurred by message piggybacking is significantly low. To demonstrate this, simulation results show that the first only increases about 1.0%$\sim$2.1% of the recovery information collection time compared with the latter.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.5 no.12
• /
• pp.3063-3076
• /
• 1998

To facilitate presentations of various media and transfer their implicit meaning efficiently, needed are effective development techniques for representing and manipulation temporal and spatial informations between multimedia data. Especially, these emporal and spatial informationsl are so deeply related with each other that it is required to have the integrated mehod for their representation. This paper suggests the Presentation Synchronization Trdd(PST) which represents their temporal and spatial informationsl and the efficient presentation model as traversing this PST. In this model, without knowing the specific user's interface or any script languages, the user can write the presentation scenario only based on allen's tecporal specification. This model has a characteristic of allowing user's inputs that may dynamically modify the presentation sequence in presentation time. As through the renmining steps of consistency checking for their relations. PST generation, and PST traversing step, this model provides users with simple and effective presentation of multimedial data by having them be presented auton\matically.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.405-410
• /
• 2008

The rheological properties of dough made with 0%, 1%, 2% or 3% pine needle powder were investigated The approximate composition of the pine needle powder was moisture content 58.1% crude protein 4.1% crude fat 3.9% crude ash 0.9%, and crude fiber 9.3%. Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) analysis showed that the initial posting temperature increased with increasing pine needle powder content, while the peak viscosity decreased The water absorption, stability, development time, elasticity and valorimeter value of the dough, as determined using a farinograph and alveograph, decreased with increasing content of pine needle powder, while weakness increased. The extensibility, fermented volume and consistency of the dough decreased gradually with increasing pine needle powder content. These results indicate that addition of pine needle powder affects the rheological properties of bread.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.181-194
• /
• 2013

Purpose: Examining current status of nursing intershift handover practice would provide opportunity to identify areas in need of improvement. The aim of this study was to describe nursing intershift handover practice in Korean hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using questionnaire was used to collect data. A total of 788 nurses working in general hospitals had participated. Results: More than half of the nurses participated responded that they used kardex for verbal handover (51.8%). The average time took for handover was 40.2 minutes (SD=14.7). Only 5.8% of nurses were satisfied with intershift handover practice. 72.9% of respondents did not have manuals for handover and 86% of nurses considered intershift handover manuals were necessary. Most nurses considered intershift handover pratice as an important component for patient safety (99.2%). The causes of handover error were interruption during handover, high work load, and stress/fatigue of nurses. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated a need to develop handover practice guidelines which outline pertinent details. Intershift handover practice guidelines could provide consistency and structure to the information that is handed over.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.177-180
• /
• 2003

Background and Objectives: A nerve conduction study (NCS) has been known as a useful method to evaluate the therapeutic effect of operation in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). To evaluate the temporal relationship between symptomatic and electrophysiological improvement, we compared the preoperative symptoms and electrophysiological results with postoperative those. Methods: We analyzed the NCS changes before and after minimal release of carpal tunnel in 26 patients (34 hands) with CTS. The time of postoperative symptomatic changes, postoperative electrophysiological changes and temporal relationship between symptomatic and electrophysiological changes were evaluated. Results: The mean age was $49{\pm}13$ years. The proportion of males to female was 8 and 92 percent. The median interval days between date of operation and those of postoperative NCS was 28.5 days. Postoperative symptoms improved in 17 hands, slightly improved in 13 hands, and have not changed in 4 hands. Electrophysiological improvements after operation were observed in 26 hands, and mostly appeared within 2 months. Symptomatic relief accompanied with electrophysiological improvement reported in 13 hands (50%). Moreover, the four hands with symptom, not relieved by decompression, showed electrophysiological improvement. Conclusions: In this study, electrophysiological improvement was in consistency with symptomatic relief to some extent, but we got the result of disagreement between electrophysiological and symptomatic improvement.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.233-242
• /
• 2003

A TTS(Text-To-Speech) System is a computer-based system that should be able to read any text aloud. To output a natural voice, we need a general knowledge of language, a lot of time, and effort. Furthermore, the sound pattern of english has a variable pattern, which consists of phonemic and morphological analysis. It is very difficult to maintain consistency of pattern. To handle these problems, we present a system based on phonemic analysis for vowel and consonant. By analyzing phonological variations frequently found in spoken english, we have derived about phonemic contexts that would trigger the multilevel application of the corresponding phonological process, which consists of phonemic and allophonic rules. In conclusion, we have a rule data which consists of phoneme, and a engine which economize in system. The proposed system can use not only communication system, but also utilize office automation and so on.