• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.166-172
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• 2016

Although a large number of genetic variants have been identified to be associated with common diseases through genome-wide association studies, there still exits limitations in explaining the missing heritability. One approach to solving this missing heritability problem is to investigate gene-gene interactions, rather than a single-locus approach. For gene-gene interaction analysis, the multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method has been widely applied, since the constructive induction algorithm of MDR efficiently reduces high-order dimensions into one dimension by classifying multi-level genotypes into high- and low-risk groups. The MDR method has been extended to various phenotypes and has been improved to provide a significance test for gene-gene interactions. In this paper, we propose a simple method, called accelerated failure time (AFT) UM-MDR, in which the idea of a unified model-based MDR is extended to the survival phenotype by incorporating AFT-MDR into the classification step. The proposed AFT UM-MDR method is compared with AFT-MDR through simulation studies, and a short discussion is given.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.385-390
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• 2000

Background: To review the experience that used both ventricular assist device(VAD) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) for children with congential heart disease requiring postcardiotomy mechanical circulatory support. Material and Method: Between March 1993 and May 1995, we applied mechanical assist device using centrifugal pump to the 16 patients who failed to be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass(n=15) or had been in cardiogenic shock in intensive care unit(n=1). The diagnosis were all congenital heart diseases and the ages of patients ranged from 20 days to 10 years (mean age=2.5$\pm$3.5 years). Result: The methods of mechanical circulatory support were LVAD(n=13), BVAD (n=1), and ECMO(n=2). The mean assist times were 54.0$\pm$23.7 hours. Post-assist complications were in orders: bleeding, acute renal failure, ventricular failure, respiratory failure, infection, and neurologic complication. It was possible for 9 patients(56.3%) to be weaned from assist device and 5 patients(31.3%) were discharged from hospital. There was no statistical significant between hospital discharged group and undischarged group by age, body weight, cardiopulmonary bypass time, and assist time. Conclusion: The ventricular assist device is an effective modality in salvaging the patient who failed to be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass, but multiple factors must be considered for improving the results of mechanical circulatory support ; such as patient selection, optimal time of starting the assist device, and prevention and management of the complications.

• 산업공학
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.176-181
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• 2010

Warranty claim data analysis is a useful tool for the manufacturer because it contains many useful informations regarding reliability of the product in the real-world environments. Because of the nature of uncertainty and the incompleteness of data, some bias patterns are observed on warranty claim rate known as 'spikes'. Two types of spikes are considered. One is due to manufacturing-related failures. The other is caused by customer's behavior. This paper proposes a model by considering two types of spikes. Warranty claim data is analyzed with the proposed model. To represent spikes observed on the early warranty period, we classify failures into manufacturing-related failures and usage-related failures. Uniform distribution is assumed for the time delayed to diagnose and report by customers. By reducing maximum value of the delayed time by customers, the proposed model characterizes customer's rush in the vicinity of the warranty expiration limit. Experimental results by using the real warranty claim data show that the proposed model is better than the existing one in respect to MSE(Mean Squared Error). Moreover it is expected to estimate the failure rate more realistically with proposed model because it considers the delayed time to diagnose and report by customers.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.587-602
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• 2020

In recent years, the composite columns have been widely used in the structures. These columns are mainly used to construct the structures with a large span and high floor height. Concrete filled tubes (CFTs) are a type of composite column, which are popular nowadays due to their numerous benefits. The purpose of this study is to investigate such frames at elevated temperatures. The method used in this research is based on section 2.2 of Eurocode 4. First, for the verification purpose, a comparison was made between the experimental results and the numerical model of the concrete filled tube. Then a composite frame was analyzed under fire temperature with different parameters. The results showed that the failure time decreased with increasing the friction of different models. Moreover, investigation of the concrete moisture content revealed that an increase in the concrete moisture content from 3% to 10% led to extended failure time for different models. For instance, in the second frame model, the failure time has increased up to 8%.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.389-402
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• 2023

Multivariate or clustered failure time data often occur in many medical, epidemiological, and socio-economic studies when survival data are collected from several research centers. If the data are periodically observed as in a longitudinal study, survival times are often subject to various types of interval-censoring, creating multivariate interval-censored data. Then, the event times of interest may be correlated among individuals who come from the same cluster. In this article, we propose a unified linear regression method for analyzing multivariate interval-censored data. We consider a semiparametric multivariate accelerated failure time model as a statistical analysis tool and develop a generalized Buckley-James method to make inferences by imputing interval-censored observations with their conditional mean values. Since the study population consists of several heterogeneous clusters, where the subjects in the same cluster may be related, we propose a generalized estimating equations approach to accommodate potential dependence in clusters. Our simulation results confirm that the proposed estimator is robust to misspecification of working covariance matrix and statistical efficiency can increase when the working covariance structure is close to the truth. The proposed method is applied to the dataset from a diabetic retinopathy study.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.1169-1174
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• 2013

대부분의 제품은 다수의 고장모드를 가지지만, 일반적으로 신뢰성 분석에서 고장모드 별로 분석하는 경우는 많지 않다. 또는 신뢰성 분석 시 고장모드에 대한 정보를 제공하지 않거나 대표적인 고장모드로 분석하기도 한다. 특히 신뢰성 인증시험에서 가정하고 있는 형상모수는 제품의 형상모수보다는 고장모드에 대한 형상모수 값이 더 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 다수의 고장모드를 가지는 기계부품에 대한 신뢰성 분석방법으로 경쟁 고장모드 분석방법과 혼합 와이블 분석방법을 소개한다. 그리고 3 가지 고장모드를 가지는 공기압 실린더의 사례에 대해 각 고장모드 별로 형상모수를 구하였으며, 3 가지 고장모드를 고려했을 때와 하나의 고장모드로 가정했을 때의 신뢰성 측도($B_{10}$ 수명, 특성 수명)을 비교하였다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.973-977
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• 2002

The pharmacokinetic of paclitaxel (1 mg/kg, i.v.) was investigated in rabbits with carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic failure. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of paclitaxel was significantly (p<0.01) increased in severe carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic failure rabbits ($1364.54{\pm}382.07$ ng/ml$\cdot$hr) compared to that of normal rabbits ($567.52{\pm}141.88$ ng/ml$\cdot$hr), but not significantly in moderate carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic failure rabbits ($803.1{\pm}208.81$ ng/ml$\cdot$hr). The volume of distribution (Vd) (6.25$\pm$1.56 L) and the elimination rate constant($\beta$) ($0.09{\pm}0.025{\;}hr^{-1}$) of paclitaxel in severe carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic failure rabbits were significantly (p<0.05) decreased compared to those of normal rabbits ($11.65<{\pm}2.91$L, $0.12{\pm}0.030{\;}hr^{-1}$), but not significantly in moderate carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic failure rabbits ($9.46{\pm}2.37$ L, $0.10{\pm}0.026{\;}hr^{-1}$). Total body clearance ($CL_t$) of paclitaxel in severe carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic failure rabbits ($0.733{\pm}0.183$ L/hr/kg) was significantly (p<0.01) decreased compared to that of normal rabbits ($1.762{\pm}0.440$ L/hr/kg), but not significantly in moderate carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic failure rabbits ($1.245{\pm}0.311$ L/hr/kg). The half-life(t1/2) of paclitaxel in severe carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic failure rabbits ($7.71{\pm}2.16$ hr) was significantly (p<0.05) increased compared to that of normal rabbits ($5.75{\pm}1.44$hr), but not significantly in moderate carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic failure rabbits ($6.77{\pm}1.76$hr). This results could be due to inhibition of paclitaxel metabolism in liver disorder rabbits since paclitaxel is essentially metabolized in liver. The findings suggest that the dosage regimen of paclitaxel should be adjusted when the drug would be administered in patients with liver disorder in a clinical situation.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제40권7호
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• pp.507-517
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• 2003

메쉬 기반의 파장분할다중화(WDM)망에서는 단 하나의 광섬유 케이블의 장애로도 심각한 데이터의 손실을 야기할 수 있다. 따라서, 이러한 장애에 대한 효율적인 복구 알고리즘이 필요하다 본 논문에서는 메쉬기반의 WDM 망에서의 복구 기법에 대한 새로운 알고리즘을 제안하였고 기존의 복구 기법과 비교하였다. 복구 방법으로는 경로 복구, 링크 복구의 대표적인 두 가지 기법이 있다. 이러한 기법들의 한 가지 공통점은 단일 링크장애에 대해서 논하고 있다는 것이다. 본 논문에서 제안한 복구 기법에서는 각각의 링크 장애에 대한 복구 경로를 확보하지 않는다. 메쉬 기반의 WDM망을 여러 개의 작은 폐루프로 분리하고 폐루프내에서 단일 링크 장애가 발생하면 그 폐루프를 우회하여 복구 경로가 결정되는 복구 기법과 복구 경로가 폐루프 내에서만 결정되는 복구 기법을 제안하였다. 경로 복구 기법과 링크 복구 기법과 더불어 제안된 기법의 성능을 비교하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 제안된 두 기법은 비록 총 사용되는 파장 마일리지가 기존의 복구 기법보다 10%에서 50% 정도 증가하게 되지만 경로 설정에 소요되는 실행시간(CPU Time)은 경로 복구 기법과 링크 복구 기법에 비해 상당히 감소되는 결과를 얻게 되었다.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.87-91
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• 1989

A warranty is a contractual obligation incurred by a producer in connection with the sale of a product. The warranty specifies that producer agrees to remedy certain failures in the product sold. There have been many articles dealing with warranties, but they have studied about optimal warranty cost for the warranty period. In this study, an optimal preventive maintenance time interval is computed. The optimal preventive maintenance time interval minimizing warranty cost for the warranty period is discussed. It is assumed that failure rate is increasing and the failure rate after preventive maintenance or corrective maintenance lies between good as new and bad as old.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 1997년도 추계학술대회발표논문집; 홍익대학교, 서울; 1 Nov. 1997
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• pp.193-196
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• 1997

In this paper we consider a Bayesian theoretic approach to periodic incomplete preventive maintenance with minimal repair at failure. We assume that the system failure rate is increasing as the frequency of PM increases and that the system is replaced at the K-th PM under this maintenance strategy. The optimal policies which minimize the expected cost rates are discussed. We seek the optimal periodic PM interval x and replacement time K under a Weibull failure intensity. Assuming suitable prior distribution for the Weibull parameters, we derive the posterior distribution incorporating failure data and obtain the updated optimal replacement strategies.