• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.429-434
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• 2016

본 연구는 일부 한국 대학생들의 골밀도와 생활습관간의 관련성을 규명하고자 수행되었다. 먼저 이중에너지 방사선흡수법(DEXA)을 이용하여 총 121명의 대학생들의 요추와 대퇴골두의 골밀도(BMD)를 측정하였고, 생활습관에 관련된 설문은 자기기입식 질문지법을 이용하여 2014년 9월부터 동년 10월까지 실시하였다. 연구대상자의 일반적인 특성과 골밀도는 빈도분석을 통해 분포를 파악하였고, 연구대상자의 신체적 특성, 식이습관, 운동습관, 생활습관에 따른 골밀도(T-Score)의 차이를 검정하기 위하여 교차분석(Chi-square test)을 하였다. 수집한 자료는 SPSS 18.0을 이용하여 분석하였다. 대퇴골과 요추의 골밀도는 평균 $0.993{\pm}0.14g/cm^2$이었고, 골다공증은 없었으며, 골감소증은 30명(24.8%), 정상은 91명(75.2%)이었다. 체질량지수(BMI)가 높을수록, 생리주기가 규칙적인 여대생이, 주 150시간 이상 걷기를 시행한 군이, 청소년기에 규칙적으로 운동을 한 경험이 있는 군이 골감소증의 비율이 상대적으로 낮았고, 일 기준 전자기기를 6시간 이상 사용한 군이 골감소증의 비율이 상대적으로 높았는데, 이는 통계적으로 유의한 관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 대학생의 신체적인 특성과 식이 운동 생활습관, 특히 청소년기의 운동습관은 골건강과 관련성이 있다. 추후 청소년과 대학생에 대한 식이 운동 생활습관에 관한 가이드라인을 제시하고, 이를 정규 교육과정과 연계하는 방안을 마련하는 것이 필요할 것으로 생각한다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.227-239
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare weight control behaviour, eating habits and health-related life habits according to the obesity degree by body fat percentage (%Fat) among middle-aged women. The subjects were 170 middle-aged women who lived Gunsan City, and they were assigned to one of the following groups based on their %Fat; normal weight group (18% - < 28%), overweight group (28% - < 33%) and obesity group (over 33%). The height, body weight, %Fat, the circumference of waist and hip of them were measured. Eating habits and health-related life habits were evaluated based on questionnaires. The results were as follows. Their weight, %Fat, body mass index (BMI), relative body weight (RBW), waist, hip, and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were significantly higher in the obesity subjects when compared to the normal and overweight subjects. Self-perception for weight (p < 0.001), desire for weight control (p < 0.01), and reasons of weight control (p < 0.05) were different among three groups. The main skipped meal was breakfast (67.9%), reasons of skipping meals were different among three groups (p < 0.05), and main reasons were "lose one's appetite" and "have not enough time". Food habits score for each food was not significantly different among three groups, but eating the meal on thinking with food combination in normal group was higher than overweight and obesity group (p < 0.01). Correlation coefficients of food habits score and anthropometric measurements were that salty of food was negative and food habits scores were positive correlation for anthropometric measurements and obesity index (p < 0.05 - p < 0.001). Frequency of exercise and fitting exercise for body were different among three groups (p < 0.05). Obesity group was lower frequency of exercise than the other groups. Regular diet was positive correlation with food combination (p < 0.01), taking fish (p < 0.05), taking vegetables (p < 0.01), taking bean products (p < 0.01) and food habits score (p < 0.01), frequency of eating out and snacks were negative correlation with taking fruits and fishes. Therefore, proper nutritional education for middle-aged women in obesity group is recommended regular diet, good food habits and exercise. The middle-aged women must decrease the frequency of eating out, snack and the salty foods, and increase the fruits and vegetables. They must have healthy life styles for exercise, smoking, and drinking.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.762-769
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• 2001

Recently developed TRAP assay(Total Radical-trapping Antioxidant Potential) is a new technique which enable effectively the measurement of total antioxidant status in the plasma. Researches using TRAP method have rarely been reported in Korea. Therefore, we investigated effects of various life-style and dietary factors on plasma TRAP level in Korean adult population. The subjects consisted of 161 health adult male(n=105) and female (n=56) aged 19-57. A self-administered questionnaire ascertained life-style factors including smoking habits, alcohol use, physical activity. Dietary factors were analyzed by 24 hour recall method. TRAP was determined spectrophotometrically in plasma at 734nm. Mean plasma TRAP concentrations were slightly higher in males (1.35$\pm$0.02mM) and females(1.30$\pm$0.02mM) without significance. There were significant correlations between plasma TRAP levels and life-style factors including exercise and smoking Plasma TRAP levels were affected more by exercise than by smoking. Moderate amount exerciser(exercise time $\geq$30min/day) had significantly higher level of plasma TRAP levels in male smokers(1.33$\pm$0.03mM) were significantly lower than those in male nonsmokers(1.39$\pm$0.01mM, p<0.05), but the difference was not seen in female subjects. Intakes of vitamin C(r=0.288, p=0.007) or folate (r=0.258, p=0.016) were positively correlated with plasma TRAP levels in nonsmokers, but those relations were not seen in smokers. Dietary factors such as vegetables (r=0.288, p=0.007)or folate (r=0.258, p=0.016) were positively correlated with plasma TRAP levels in nonsmokers, but those relations were not seen in smokers. Dietary factors such as vegetables (r=0.277, p=0.009) and legumes(r=0.263, p=0.013) consumption were positively related to plasma TRAP concentrations also in nonsmokers only. Regular green tea drinkers showed significantly greater level of plasma TRAP than the non green tea drinkers(1.36$\pm$0.01mM vs 1.30$\pm$0.03mM, p<0.05). These results suggest that the regular exercise($\geq$30min daily), nonsmoking, and consumption of vegetables, legumes and green tea would contribute to improving plasma TRAP levels in Korean adults.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.71-84
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate food habits of boy students and to know the difference in food habits between boy and girl students. A previous study had been conducted to girl students in 1998 and this study was carried to boy students in Oct. 2000 using the questionnaires. The subjects were 783 boy students in middle school, high school and university students living in Jeonbuk region. The average score of food habits was $4.09{\pm}1.72$ out of a possible 10(middle school students were $4.96{\pm}1.85$, high school students were $4.17{\pm}1.61$ and university students were $3.15{\pm}1.70$). The average is similar $4.11{\pm}1.63$ to girl students in 1998. The correlation coefficient between the score of food habits and standard of living, present residence, taking nutritional supplements, and sort of school was positive. As a staple food, cooked rice was preferred 95.9% of subjects and this result is similar to girl students of previous study. The most preferred side-dishes was different between girl and boy students. Boy students liked stew the best, but girl students liked Kimchi the best. The most preferred snacks was fruits and fruit juice. The portion of eating cooked rice in boy students (87.8%) was decreased than girl students(90.6%) at breakfast. The main meal to have soup & stew was supper and the most delicious meal was also supper, but primary meal skipped was breakfast. The reasons for skipping breakfast were lack of time(38.7%) and no appetite(17.6%), skipping lunch was missing a time to eat(8.4%), and skipping supper was no appetite(10.5%). Substitution food on no preparation of lunch basket was difference between middle and high school students and university students. Middle and high school students ate noodles and university student ate cooked rice. The preference of snack was that chicken(20.3%) was the best. The time of eating snacks was that anytime(38.6%) was the first, after supper(13.7%) was next. In order to improve the nutritional status of boy students, they must establish good food habits by eating three regular meals per day and balancing their diet. Especially university student must build their regular life style, so they would have three regular meals.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.162-178
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• 2015

Petroleum based fossil fuels used to power most processes today are non-renewable fuels. This means that once used, they cannot be reproduced for a very long time. The maximum combustion of fossil fuels occurs in automobiles i.e. the vehicles we drive every day. Thus, there is a requirement to shift from these non-renenewable sources of energy to sources that are renewable and environment friendly. This is causing the need to shift towards more environmentally-sustainable transport fuels, preferably derived from biomass, such as biodiesel blends. These blends can be made from oils that are available in abundance or as waste e.g. waste cooking oil, animal fat, oil from seeds, oil from algae etc. Waste Cooking Oil(WCO) is a waste product and so, converting it into a transportation fuel is considered highly environmentally sustainable. Keeping this in mind, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to evaluate the environmental implications of replacing diesel fuel with WCO biodiesel blends in a regular Diesel engine. This study uses Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to determine the environmental outcomes of biodiesel from WCO in terms of global warming potential, life cycle energy efficiency (LCEE) and fossil energy ratio (FER) using the life cycle inventory and the openLCA software, version 1.3.4: 2007 - 2013 GreenDelta. This study resulted in the conclusion that the biodiesel production process from WCO in particular is more environmentally sustainable as compared to the preparation of diesel from raw oil, also taking into account the combustion products that are released into the atmosphere as exhaust emissions.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2015

Background: Pain is one of the most important consequences of spinal cord injury (SCI). It may affect several aspects of life, especially the quality of life (QoL). Hence, this study was conducted to establish an understanding of pain and its correlates and effects on patients with SCI in our community. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 58 male veterans suffering from SCI were admitted to our center for a regular follow-up. Demographic and SCI-related descriptive information were gathered using a self-reported questionnaire. To evaluate the patients' pain quality and the effect of pain on daily life, a questionnaire in 3 parts of lumbar, cervical and shoulder pain was administered. EuroQoL questionnaire and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) 12 were also used to assess the patients' QoL. Results: The mean age of the participants was $45.91{\pm}6.69$ with mean injury time of $25.54{\pm}5.91$. forty-four patients (75.9%) reported pain, including lumbar pain (63%), cervical pain (39%) and shoulder pain (51%). The presence of pain was associated with lower QoL. Patients with lumbar pain reported a significant amount of pain affecting their daily life and this effect was higher in patients with lower GHQ score or anxiety/depressive disorder. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal pain, is a common complaint in veterans with SCI and is inversely associated with functioning and general health status. Lumbar and shoulder pain affects patient's daily living more than cervical pain.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.377-385
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• 2015

가식성 코팅물질의 하나인 carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)을 주원료로 하여 CMC 혼합 코팅용액(Carboxymethyl cellulose + sodium benzoate + citric acid + lecithin)을 제조한 후 저장 기간에 따른 박피 마늘의 품질변화를 분석하였다. 각 농도에 따른 CMC 코팅 처리구의 경우 사용된 CMC의 농도가 높을수록 중량변화가 적게 나타났다. 저장기간에 따른 박피마늘의 색도 및 갈변화 현상은 CMC혼합 코팅처리구의 경우 L값의 변화는 대조구와는 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았으나 b값의 변화는 저장기간이 길어질수록 대조구와는 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내었고, 이러한 결과는 대조구가 저장기간 1주 이후부터는 급격한 갈변화 현상을 통해 상품적 가치를 손실되고 있는 결과와 일치하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 혼합 코팅용액에 의해 처리된 박피 마늘의 경도는 저장기간 4주까지 초기 박피마늘의 경도 측정값에 비해 최대 26.4 %, 최소11.7 %의 감소치를 보였으며, 저장기간에 따른 박피마늘의 부패율은 혼합 코팅용액으로 처리한 박피 마늘의 경우 큰 변화 없이 4주까지 20%내외의 부패율을 나타냈다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.134-145
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• 1996

Since the skid-steer loader is able to work for excavating, lifting and transporting load even at the narrow space, they are widely used in the regular farm and the livestock farm. The skid-steer loader normally adopts the hydrostatic transmission because the power to move the machine backward and forward should be delivered independently on both sides of wheels. Contrast to the mechanical system such as chain and belt transmissions, however, the hydrostatic transmission is less efficient in the use of energy and more difficult in the maintenance. This study was intended to investigate the feasibility of using triangular-type belt clutch and V-belt transmission for the newly developed skid-steer loader in order to overcome the problems stated in the hydrostatic transmission. In the developed triangular-type belt clutch, the centers of driving, driven and idler sheaves are arranged in the triangular shape in a plane, and V-belts were loaded loosely on three sheaves. The power is transmitted by pressing the idler connected to a lever on the loosened V-belt. Contrast to the normal belt clutch using two sheaves, the newly developed belt clutch has the characteristics of small contact-angle of the driving sheave at no bucket load and increasing contact-angle at the time of power transmission. The results of research can be summarized as follows: 1) The developed triangular-type belt clutch adopted a spring-loaded slackside idler which could transmit more power than a fixed idler could by sacrificing the belt life. The life of V-belt used in the power transmission reached at 500 hours(6 months) when the engine power of 11.8 ㎾ was transmitted. Also, it was feasible to develop the large industrial skid-loader with the V-belt transmission by using the proper set of sheaves. 2) The developed skid-steer loader changed the rotating radius and speed with bucket loads as the conventional skid steer loader did. The rotating speed was 47 deg/s at the maximum bucket load of 2.74 kN when the minimum rotating radius was 1.5m. 3) The power required in turning at the bucket load of 2.74 kN was 4 ㎾ and the slippage of V-belt was less than 1%.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2018

본 연구는 우리나라 노인들의 노후 소득보장정책의 현황과 문제점을 알아보고 이를 근거로 개선방안 등을 제시해보고자 하였다. 우리나라는 다른 나라에 비해 전체 인구 중 노인 가구 증가율이 가파르게 빨리 진행되고 있는 상황에서 앞으로 노인들의 안정적인 소득 보장 수단이 담보되어야 하는 상황에 놓여 있다. 현재 각종 연금제도들의 소득 대체율이 낮은 상황이며 기초생활보호대상의 금액규모도 적고 이것조차 받지 못하는 인구가 많다는 것이다. 노령인구의 계층간 소득불평등도가 큰 것도 문제이다. 따라서 본 연구의 분석결과 공적연금의 소득분배효과가 크지 않아 이에 대한 제도개선이 시급한 것으로 나타났다. 노령인구의 사회자본이 극히 미흡하여 노후생활의 소비행태가 낮은 삶의 질로 연결됨으로서 낮은 소득수준과 함께 전반적인 노령인구의 삶의 지수가 저하되는 결과를 초래하는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.71-88
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to look into how married working men with a child younger than six years old spent their weekend time either alone or with their wives on housework, family care, and leisure activities, and to find out whether different types of time use brought about different levels of satisfaction to their use of time on weekends. Factors associated with each type were also explored. We analyzed 857 weekend time diaries of married men with a preschooler and men who worked more than 40 hours a week. This data came from the 2009 Time Use Survey conducted by Statistics Korea. Descriptive statistics and cluster analysis results showed that weekend time distribution to those three activities was classified into four different types, namely, 'nonparticipation', 'personal leisure centered', 'couple leisure centered', and 'family centered'. Time use satisfaction for 'couple leisure centered' and 'family centered' types which involved wife and child was significantly higher than the other two types. Age and traditional gender role attitude were associated with the personal leisure and couple leisure centered types, while work related factors such as work hours, regular day off, employment status, and occupation functioned as determinants of the nonparticipation type. Findings from this study suggest that weekend time spent together with family could be the source of satisfaction, but almost half of the respondents were deprived of their weekend family time due to work schedules on weekends. This study supports the need for organizational and policy efforts to ensure non-working weekends for fathers and husbands.