• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.250-260
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• 2018

The Korean buffet restaurant, which was developed by combining the Korean food and a buffet, allows a large menu to be enjoyed at a reasonable price and has become popular with men and women, young and old, and become a new type of eating out. This study examined the effects of the waiting time management and menu quality on the customer satisfaction and re-visit intention in a Korean buffet restaurant to help quality improvement and development of Korean buffet restaurants. The customer satisfaction and re-visit intention only had a significant effect on the staff attitude toward waiting time. Hygiene, sensory factor, and variety of menu quality were significantly related to customer satisfaction and re-visit intention, respectively. In addition, satisfaction with food and service had a significant effect on the re-visit intention and customer satisfaction. Therefore, it is important to establish a virtuous cycle structure that will improve the re-visit intention by satisfying customers through waiting time management and menu quality for the development of Korean buffet restaurants.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.659-687
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• 2002

This study used a discrete choice model to investigate an association between air pollution and hospital visits for acute respiratory symptoms with the national health interview survey conducted in 1998 in South Korea. The results showed that $NO_2$ and TSP were significantly related to hospital visits in a single-pollutant model, but when they were simultaneously considered, only $NO_2$ remained significant. It was estimated as $NO_2$ level increased by 10%(0.0027ppm) from 0.027ppm (the mean $NO_2$ level), hospital visits increase by 0.176%. This study also measured respondent's out-of-pocket expense and the time cost for commuting and waiting for the visit. We found that on the average, out-of-pocket expense is 5,600 won per hospital visit, but the total cost per hospital visit is measured at 33,440 won with time cost of commuting and waiting at 27,840 won. Time cost was over 63.6~83.3% of the total cost per hospital visit.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.26-38
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to estimate home care nursing cost for the patient with Cerebrovascular Disease based on a bundle of home care nursing services This study was conducted through four steps. The first step was to investigate home care nursing activities that were offered to the patient with Cerebrovascular Disease(CD) by home care nurse. The second step was to investigate the time spent on home care nursing service and to calculate labor and manufacturing cost. The third step was to calculate home care nursing cost per minute. And at the fourth step, home care nursing cost for a patient with Cerebrovascular Disease based on a bundle of home care nursing service was calculated. The results of the study were as follows: 1) The number of direct home care nursing activities for the patient with CD was 108, and the time of each activity was spent from 1 to 10 minutes. 2) Average time per visit was 51 minute, and the firs visit time were spent 1.6 times higher than 2nd visit time. 3) Nursing cost per minute(cost per visit ${\\}\;22,565\;\div\;$ average time per visit 51 minutes) was ${\\}\;442$. The cost per visit was calculated on Basic visiting cost(nurse's labor cost ${\\}\;15,760$ + management cost ${\\}\;6,805$) divided by average time per visit(51 minutes). 4) Home care nursing cost to the patient with CD based on bundle of home care nursing service was consisted of basic home care nursing cost, the cost of a bundle of service practiced on visit. and transportation fee. Basic home nursing cost(the time spent on basic home nursing service 20 minutes ${\times}$ nursing cost per minute ${\\}\;442$) was ${\\}\;8,840$. The cost of the bundle of home care nursing services to the patient with CD was calculated as self care ${\\}\;2.898$, Tracheostomy care ${\\}\;10,166$, immobility care ${\\}\;6,188$, sore care ${\\}\;6,188$. Foley care ${\\}\;6,630$, and Levin tube or Gastrostomy care ${\\}\;7.514$. Transportation fee which was composed of the labor cost for transportation(${\\}\;5,122$) and the car management cost(${\\}\;3.876$) was ${\\}\;8,998$. Home care nursing cost to the patient with CD based on bundle of home care nursing services consisted of basic home care nursing cost, the cost of a bundle of service practiced on visit, and transportation fee. It will contribute to improve quality of home care service, because of giving appreciate incentives to home care nurses. And it will be more efficient than current cost of hospital based home care. But it need to management than calculation of the current fee-for-services of home care.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.331-338
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to measure the workload of home visit care activities and their relative values. This study examined also factors that affect the workload of home visit care activities. Methods : The participants of this study were 126 home-helpers of 50 home visit care agencies at the 2nd Long-term Care Insurance Demonstration Project. The workload of home visit care activities was divided into total work and four dimensions ; physical efforts, mental efforts, stress and time. Home visit care activities consisted of four categories with 24 items. We used magnitude estimation method to measure their relative values of the four dimensions. The participants answered the relative values of each activities based on the reference service. We used the activity for supporting their elderly's evacuation as the reference service. Results : Most of the respondents were over 40 years old female. They consumed most their time supporting elderly's going out. They consumed their highest physical, mental efforts, and stress for activities of coping with emergency situation. The Pearson correlation coefficients showed significant relationships between workload and each dimensions. This study showed that all four dimensions are statistically significant predictors of workload of home visit care activities. Also, we found that the home-helper's career affects the workload of home visit care activities. Conclusions : The workload of home visit care activities could be explained by physical efforts, mental efforts, stress and time.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.2383-2399
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• 2014

Due to the low conversion rate of social commerce, its sustainability is questioned. To solve this problem, this study aims to verify the different antecedents between visit intention and purchase intention. For a visit intention, this study employs the concept of the scarcity heuristic and its momentary characteristic. The scarcity heuristic is created by a scarcity of time and quantity, and provisional coupons. In previous studies, the scarcity heuristic has often been treated as a major factor in which to influence purchase intention. However, this study examines the scarcity heuristic only as an antecedent of the visit intention, not of the purchase intention, because of its momentary characteristic. Contrary to previous studies, as this study expected, the attributes of the scarcity heuristic had a significant relationship only with the visit intention in social commerce. Additionally, the results suggest that there are two distinct intentions in social commerce: visit intention and purchase intention. This study verified that the antecedents of the two distinct intentions are different from one another. This study helps to understand why people visit social commerce sites regularly but do not buy.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.349-358
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to estimate nursing costs and to establish appropriate nursing fees for long-term care services for community elders. Methods: Seven nurses participated in data collection related to visiting time by nurses for 1,100 elders. Data on material costs and management costs were collected from 5 visiting nursing agencies. The nursing costs were classified into 3 groups based on the nurse's visit time under the current reimbursement system of long-term care insurance. Results: The average nursing cost per minute was 246 won. The material costs were 3,214 won, management costs, 10,707 won, transportation costs, 7,605 won, and capital costs, 5,635 won per visit. As a result, the average cost of nursing services per visit by classification of nursing time were 41,036 won (care time <30 min), 46,005 won (care time 30-59 min), and 57,321 won (care time over 60 min). Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that the fees for nurse visits currently being charged for long-term care insurance should be increased. Also these results will contribute to baseline data for establishing appropriate nursing fees for long-term care services to maintain quality nursing and management in visiting nursing agencies.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate appropriateness of home health care travel cost. For the evaluation, investigated the operating costs of vehicles used by home care nurses and then were components of home care nurses's annual salaries. Travel costs were then calculated based on actual travel expenses of home health care service. Actual data of 23 hospital-based home care agencies between July, 2002 to December, 2002 were collected for the analysis of the travel costs. The results of this study are : 1) For home visit, 65% of home care agencies turned out to be using only hospital owned cars, and 17.1% be depending purely on home care nurses' cars. On average, 1.9 cars used for home visit. 2) Out of 89 agencies, 23 agencies responded to the travel cost survey. Total maintenance cost of a car per month was 381,457 won. 3) Average per visit personal expenses of home care nurses during travel time turned out to be 7,124won assuming 8 working hours per day, 4 visits per day, and 30 minuets of travel time for each visit. 4) Total home health care travel cost per visit was 12,069 won, which was the sum of actually paid travel cost of 4,945 won and personal expenses during travel time of 7,124. In conclusion. we reckon that current compensation price of home care nurses' travel is inappropriate because total home health care travel costs of 12,069 won per visit turned out to be 2.1 times of currently prevailing standard compensation price of 5,830 per visit.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2023

Objectives: This study was conducted to observe the progression of symptoms according to the treatment period of patients with social anxiety disorder who received complex Korean medicine treatment. Methods: The medical records of 25 patients who were diagnosed with social anxiety disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, and received complex Korean medicine treatment (herbal medicine, acupuncture, and Korean psychotherapy) for 12 weeks were analyzed. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Korean-Social Avoidance and Distress scale (K-SAD), and the Korean-Fear of Negative Evaluation (K-FNE) were measured at the initial hospital visit and during the 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. Missing values were replaced with the average evaluation index value at that time. Results: 1) Statistically significant changes in STAI-X1, STAI-X2, BDI-II, BAI, K-SAD, and K-FNE scores were seen according to the time of treatment. 2) When scores were compared between each treatment time point, STAI-X2 and BDI-II showed statistically significant changes between the initial visit and four weeks of treatment, the initial visit and eight weeks of treatment, and the initial visit and 12 weeks of treatment. STAI-X1 and K-FNE showed statistically significant changes between the initial visit and eight weeks of treatment and the initial visit and 12 weeks of treatment. There was a statistically significant change in BAI scores between the initial visit and the 12th week of treatment. Conclusions: Complex Korean medicine treatment alleviated anxiety, depression, fear, and avoidance of social situation symptoms in patients with social anxiety disorder. The longer the treatment period, the more symptoms tended to be alleviated. However, the evidence should be supplemented with prospective, controlled research.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.17-31
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• 2022

Purpose: With the development of the Internet, consumers can quickly access the electronic word-of-mouth. Consumers seek to reduce uncertainty by referring to the opinions of other consumers about products and services when making purchase decisions. In the food service industry, evaluating a restaurant before an actual visitation is difficult. Therefore, electronic word-of-mouth is important to interact with the customer in restaurants. as it can be used as an exchange of information in which consumers participate and interact with other customers. This study was conducted to verify how online word-of-mouth characteristics (Consensus, Vividness, Neutrality) on attitudes and visit intention from the perspective of social exchange theory. And it was performed to verify the structural relationship between short-term visit intention, mid-term visit and long-term visit intention. Research design, data, and methodology: A survey was conducted on customers who have visited restaurants. Of a total of 312 responses, 306 responses were used, excluding insincere responses and missing values for factors analysis. SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 25.0 were used for statistical analysis, and hypothesis testing was conducted after verifying the validity and reliability of the questionnaire items. Result: The result of the analysis showed that, consensus and neutrality have a positive effect on attitude but not much on vividness. In addition, consensus, vividness, and neutrality have no effect on the short-term visit intention. Finally, the short-term visit intention has a positive effect on mid-term visit intention, and mid-term visit intention has a positive effect on long-term visit intention. Conclusions: Based on the results, this study suggested that it is necessary to have practical implications for marketing and monitoring restaurant reviews in consideration of the characteristics of electronic word-of-mouth. When managing electronic-word-of-mouth, it is necessary to manage the consensus and neutrality is essential to provide sufficient information about the restaurant. The focus should not only be on vividness, such as photos and videos. In addition, restaurants should also provide a good experience for first-time visitors as the short-term visit intention positively affects mid-term and long-term visit intention.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.148-154
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• 2021

Purpose: This study covered the effect of shoulder stabilization exercise on muscle activity, postural alignment and self-efficacy of the elderly people with round shoulders by visiting village hall in rural area. Methods: 40 elderly people with round shoulders were recruited for this study (experimental group: 20 subjects and control group: 20 subjects). The experimental group was asked to perform shoulder stabilization exercise 60 minutes per one time for 8 weeks and three times in a week and the control group was asked to receive education related to pain management for the initial one time. Before and after the experiment, we measured the subjects' muscle activity of upper trapezius, serratus anterior, infraspinatus, pectoralis major and the lower trapezius, then postural alignment of craniovertebral angle and round shoulder posture. In addition, self-efficacy is measured through the questionnaire. Results: Compared to the control group, the experimental group showed significant differences in the muscle activity of all muscles, posture alignment of the craniovertebral angle. round shoulder posture, and improvement of self-efficacy. Conclusion: We found that shoulder stabilization exercise is effective in muscle activity, postural alignment and self-efficacy of the elderly people through visit-rehabilitation service. This study can be used for improving the physical and mental abilities through active visit-rehabilitation service for areas where have poor medical benefits. It is considered that systematic visit rehabilitation service should have institutional framework ultimately.