• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of physical and chemical surface factors on in vivo bone responses by comparing chemically modified hydrophilic sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (modSLA) and anodically oxidized hydrophobic implant surfaces. Methods: Five modSLA implants and five anodized implants were inserted into the tibiae of five New Zealand white rabbits (one implant for each tibia). The characteristics of each surface were determined using field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy before the installation. The experimental animals were sacrificed after 1 week of healing and histologic slides were prepared from the implant-tibial bone blocks removed from the animals. Histomorphometric analyses were performed on the light microscopic images, and bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area (BA) ratios were measured. Nonparametric comparison tests were applied to find any significant differences (P<0.05) between the modSLA and anodized surfaces. Results: The roughness of the anodized surface was $1.22{\pm}0.17{\mu}m$ in Sa, which was within the optimal range of $1.0-2.0{\mu}m$ for a bone response. The modSLA surface was significantly rougher at $2.53{\pm}0.07{\mu}m$ in Sa. However, the modSLA implant had significantly higher BIC than the anodized implant (P=0.02). Furthermore, BA ratios did not significantly differ between the two implants, although the anodized implant had a higher mean value of BA (P>0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, the hydrophilicity of the modSLA surface may have a stronger effect on in vivo bone healing than optimal surface roughness and surface chemistry of the anodized surface.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2007

Bone marrow (BM) derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are pluripotent cells which can differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic and other lineages. In spite of the broad interest, the information about the changes in BM cell composition, in particularly about the variation of MSC number and their properties in relation to the age of the donor is still controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the age associated changes in variations of BM cell composition, phenotype and differentiation capacities of MSC using a rat model. Cell populations were characterized by flow cytometry using light scattering parameters, DNA content and a set of monoclonal antibodies. Single cell analysis was performed by conventional fluorescent microscopy. In vitro culture of MSC was established and their phenotype and capability for in vitro differentiation into osteogenic and adipogenic cells was shown. Age related changes in tibiae and femurs, amount of BM tissue, BM cell composition, proportions of separated MSC and yield of MSC in 2 weeks of in vitro culture were found. At the same time, neither change in phenotype no in differentiation capacities of MSC was registered. Age-related changes of the number of MSC should be taken into account whenever MSC are intended to be used for investigations.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.339-344
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• 2007

Statement of problem. Various anodic oxidation techniques can be applied to dental implant surfaces. But the condition for optimal anodized surfaces has not been described yet. Purpose. The purpose of this investigation was to compare an implant that was oxidized by another method with $TiUnite^{TM}$ through resonance frequency analysis and histomorphometry. Material and methods. Turned (control), $TiUnite^{TM}$ and another oxidized fixtures, which used $Ca^{2+}$ solution for anodic oxidation, were placed in the tibiae of 5 New Zealand White rabbits. The bone responses were evaluated and compared by consecutive resonance frequency analysis once a week for 6 weeks and histomorphometry after a healing period of 6 weeks. Results. At the first week, both oxidized implants showed significantly higher implant stability quotient (ISQ) values than the control. No significant differences in resonance frequency analysis were found between the two oxidized groups for 6 weeks. The means and standard deviations of bone-to-implant contact (BIC) ratios were $71.0{\pm}4.2$ for $TiUnite^{TM}$, $67.5{\pm}10.3$ for the $Ca^{2+}$-based oxidation fixture, $22.8{\pm}6.5$ for the control. Both oxidized implants were significantly superior in osseointegration to the turned one. There was, however, no statistically significant difference between the two oxidized implants. Conclusion. $TiUnite^{TM}$ and the $Ca^{2+}$-based oxidation fixture showed superior early bone response than the control with respect to resonance frequency analysis and histomorphometry. No significant differences between the oxidized groups, however, were found in this investigation using the rabbit tibia model.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2016

Background: This study investigated the effects of zoledronic acid (ZA) on radiation-induced bone loss in C3H/HeN mice. Materials and Methods: C3H/HeN mice were divided into sham control and three irradiated groups (3 Gy, gamma ray). The irradiated mice were treated for 12 weeks with vehicle, amifostine (intraperitoneal injection), or ZA (subcutaneous injection). Grip strength, uterus weight, and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) levels were measured. Tibiae were analyzed using micro-computed tomography. Results and Discussion: Treatment of ZA ($100{\mu}g{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}week^{-1}$) significantly preserved trabecular bone volume, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, trabecular separation, bone mineral density of proximal tibia metaphysic, and cortical bone volume, but did not alter the uterus weight of the mice. The administration of ZA for 12 weeks lowered serum ALP and TRAP levels in irradiated mice, suggesting that ZA can reduce the bone turnover rate in mice. No differences were apparent between the amifostine-treated group and the irradiation control group. Conclusion: The results indicate that ZA can prevent radiation-induced bone loss in mice.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.563-569
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• 2014

Materials with differing surfaces have been developed for clinical implant therapy in dentistry and orthopedics. This study was designed to evaluate bone response to titanium alloy containing Ti-32Nb-5Zr with nanostructure, anodic oxidation, heat treatment, and ibandronate coating. Rats were randomly assigned to two groups for implantation of titanium alloy (untreated) as the control group and titanium alloy group coated with ibandronate as the experimental group. Then, the implants were inserted in both tibiae of the rats for four weeks. After implantation, bone implant interface, trabecular microstructure, mechanical fixation was evaluated by histology, micro-computed tomography (${\mu}CT$) and the push-out test, respectively. We found that the anodized, heat-treated and ibandronate-coated titanium alloy triggered pronounced bone implant integration and early bone formation. Ibandronate-coated implants showed elevated values for removal torque and a higher level of BV/TV, trabecular thickness and separation upon analysis with ${\mu}CT$ and mechanical testing. Similarly, higher bone contact and a larger percentage bone area were observed via histology compared to untreated alloy. Furthermore, well coating of ibandronate with alloy was observed by vitro releasing experiment. Our study provided evidences that the coating of bisphosphonate onto the anodized and heat-treated nanostructure of titanium alloy had a positive effect on implant fixation.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.435-441
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• 2013

This study investigated the effects of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) on radiation-induced bone loss in C3H/HeN mice. C3H/HeN mice were divided into sham and irradiation (3 Gy, gamma-ray) groups. The irradiated mice were treated for 12 wk with vehicle, KRG (per os, p.o.) or KRG (intraperitoneal). Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, estradiol level, and biomechanical properties were measured. Tibiae were analyzed using micro-computed tomography. Treatment of KRG (p.o., 250 mg/kg of body weight/d) significantly preserved trabecular bone volume, trabecular number, structure model index, and bone mineral density of proximal tibia metaphysic, but did not alter the uterus weight of the mice. Serum ALP level was slightly reduced by KRG treatment. However, grip strength, mechanical property, and cortical bone architecture did not differ among the experimental groups. The results indicate that KRG can prevent radiation-induced bone loss in mice.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2022

The center of rotation of angulation-based leveling osteotomy (CBLO) has been introduced for the stabilization of cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) in small-breed dogs. This technique can be applied to the tibia without damaging its tuberosity. Although different designs of CBLO plates are available, tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) plates have been still used for stabilization during CBLO. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have reported the effects of TPLO plates on the postoperative limb alignment after CBLO. Therefore, the present study (January 2020 to February 2021) aimed to compare the postoperative outcomes (postoperative tibial plateau angle [TPA] and tibial alignment) in patients receiving CBLO and TPLO plates during CBLO. Paired stifle joints (n = 16) were obtained from eight toy-breed cadaver dogs (mean weight, 4.4 kg) that underwent CBLO. The joints were randomly assigned to receive the CBLO (CBLO group) or TPLO plates (TPLO group). Pre-and postoperative radiographs were obtained, and the dissected tibiae were evaluated. The following postoperative parameters were compared to evaluate the surgical outcome: TPA, osteotomy location, mechanical medial proximal tibia angle, inter-segment gap, and tibial plateau translation. No significant differences were found in the postoperative alignment between the two groups. Therefore, TPLO plates may be considered as a viable alternative in toy-breed dogs undergoing CBLO.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.301-311
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• 2011

Introduction: This study examined the effect of the application of low intensity pulsed ultrasound on bone healing after an injection of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) during the implantation of a titanium implant in the tibia of diabetes-induced rats. Materials and Methods: Twelve Sprague-Dawely rats were used. After inducing diabetes, the ADSCs were injected into the hole for the implant. Customized screw type implants, 2.0 mm in diameter and 3.5 mm in length, were implanted in both the tibia of the diabetes-induced rats. After implantation, LIPUS was applied with parameters of 3 MHz, 40 mW/$cm^2$, and 10 minutes for 7 days to the left tibiae (experimental group) of the diabetesinduced rats. The right tibiae in each rat were used in the control group. At 1, 2 and 4 week rats were sacrificed, and the bone tissues of both tibia were harvested. The bone tissues of the three rats in each week were used for bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area (BA) analyses and the bone tissues of one rat were used to make sagittal serial sections. Results: In histomorphometric analyses, the BIC in the experimental and control group were respectively, $39.00{\pm}18.17%$ and $42.87{\pm}9.27%$ at 1 week, $43.74{\pm}6.83%$ and $32.27{\pm}6.00%$ at 2 weeks, and $32.62{\pm}11.02%$ and $47.10{\pm}9.77%$ at 4 weeks. The BA in experimental and control group were respectively, $37.28{\pm}3.68%$ and $31.90{\pm}2.84%$ at 1 week, $20.62{\pm}2.47%$ and $15.64{\pm}2.69%$ at 2 weeks, and $11.37{\pm}4.54%$ and $17.69{\pm}8.77%$ at 4 weeks. In immunohistochemistry analyses, Osteoprotegerin expression was strong at 1 and 2 weeks in the experimental group than the control group. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand expression showed similar staining at each week in the experimental and control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that the application of low intensity pulsed ultrasound after an injection of adipose tissue-derived stem cells during the implantation of titanium implants in the tibia of diabetes-induced rats provided some positive effect on bone regeneration at the early stage after implantation. On the other hand, this method is unable to increase the level of osseointegration and bone regeneration of the implant in an uncontrolled diabetic patient.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2015

성장기 동물에서 방사선 노출은 뼈의 변화를 일으킨다. 본 연구에서는 성장기 동물에서 방사선 유도 골소실 연구를 위한 동물모델을 확립하고자하였다. 성장기(4주령) 마우스에 방사선 노출(2 Gy) 후 시간경과(4, 8 및 12주)에 따른 경골 해면뼈 및 치밀뼈의 변화를 관찰하고, 방사선 비노출군과의 차이가 확연한 방사선 노출 후 8주에 방사선(0.5, 1.0, 2.0 및 4.0 Gy)을 조사하고 조사선량에 따른 변화를 관찰하였다. 동물의 희생 전 악력을 측정하였으며, 경골의 해면뼈 및 치밀뼈를 미세단층촬영 분석하였고, 해면뼈에서 뼈파괴세포의 활성도를 관찰하였다. 혈청내 alkaline phosphatase(ALP) 농도 및 경골의 물리적 강도를 측정하였다. 해면뼈의 확연한 차이는 8주에 관찰되었으며, 조사선량증가에 비례하여 해면뼈량(trabecular bone volume, BV/TV) 및 골밀도(bone mineral density, BMD)의 감소가 관찰되었다. 방사선조사선량에 따른 변화를 나타내는 이차방정식은 BV/TV (%) = $0.9584D^2-6.0168D+20.377$ ($r^2$ = 0.946, D = 방사선조사선량, Gy), $BMD(mg{\cdot}cm^{-3})=8.8115D^2-56.197D+194.41$ ($r^2$ = 0.999, D = 방사선조사선량, Gy) 였다. 뼈의 물리적 강도, 길이 및 무게의 변화는 없었으며, 혈청ALP 농도 및 뼈파괴세포 활성도도 차이가 없었다. 본 연구의 결과는 성장기 동물에서 방사선에 의한 뼈손상 연구에 동물모델 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.306-318
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• 2008

Anodic spark deposition method(ASD) surface treated titanium implant possesses a considerable osteoconductive potential that promoting a high level of implant osseointegration in normal bone. The purpose of this study was to observe the ASD implant's osseointegration in the osteoporosis-induced animal model. Twenty four rats, 10 weeks of age, were ovarectomized and 5 weeks later divided into two groups : ASD implant group and control implant group. Titanium screw implants (diameter; 2.0 mm, length, 3.5 mm; pitch-height, 0.4 mm) were designed for this study. Experimental implants were ASD treated and no treatment on control implants. ASD implants and control implants were placed in to left tibiae of rats. The rats were sacrificed at different time interval(1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after implantation) for histopathologic observation and immunohisto-chemistrical observation, with collagen type Ⅰ, fibronectin, integrin ${\alpha}_2{\beta}_1$ and integrin ${\alpha}_5{\beta}_1$ antibodies. The results obtained from this study were as follow: 1. Histopathologic findings, overall tissue response and the pattern of bone formation in both groups were similar. In ASD group, more newly formed bone was seen at 1 week and 2weeks than control group. 2. The levels of type Ⅰ collagen and fibronectin expression were the most abundant at 2weeks and decreased gradually in both groups. Fibronectin and type Ⅰ collagen expression in ASD group were stronger than control group but no significance. 3. The levels of integrin ${\alpha}_2{\beta}_1$ and Integrin ${\alpha}_5{\beta}_1$ expression were most abundant at 2 weeks and decreased gradually in both groups. No significant difference was observed in both groups. From this results, anodic oxidized titanium implants were more advantages in early stage of bone formation than control group, but have no significance in tissue responses and late bone formations. It could be stated that although anodic oxidized titanium implant possesses considerable osteoconductive potential but in osteoporotic bone condition dental implant procedure should performed after improving or treating the osteoporotic bone condition.