• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.17.1-17.4
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• 2014

Puberty is a stage of sexual development determined by the interaction of many loci and environmental factors. Identification of genes contributing to genetic variation in this character can assist with selection for early pubertal bulls, improving genetic progress in livestock breeding. Thyroid hormones play an important role in sexual development and spermatogenic function. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in thyroglobulin(TG) gene with age of puberty in Angus bulls. Four SNPs were genotyped in 273 animals using SEQUENOM technology and the association between markers and puberty age was analyzed. Results showed a significant association (P < 0.05) between these markers and puberty age estimated at a sperm concentration of 50 million and a progressive motility of 10%. This is the first report of an association of TG polymorphisms with age of puberty in bulls, and results suggest the importance of thyroidal regulation in bovine sexual development and arrival to puberty.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.118-122
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• 1997

저자들은 13년전 심한 산후 출혈 후에 서서히 진행된 성선, 갑상선, 부신피질호르몬결핍증상과 함께 피해망상, 환청과 이에 따른 행동, 심한 불면증, 정신운동의 지체, 사회적 철퇴 등의 증상을 보인 51세 여자환자의 증례를 경험하였다. 환자는 일견 심한 정신병적 우울증의 양상을 보여 정신과에 입원하였으나 자세한 병력 청취 및 임상양상의 관찰로 내과적 질환에 의한 정신증의 가능성이 고려되었고, 호르몬 검사상 범뇌하수체기능 부전소견과 저혈당증 및 저나트륨혈증 등을 나타내 Sheehan시 증후군의 진단이 가능하였다. 갑상선과 부신피질호르몬의 투여 기타 보존적인 치료에 의해 정신과적증상을 포함한 제반 임상증상이 1주이내에 호전되었다. 저자들은 본 증례의 보고를 통해 정신과 환자에 대한 임상적 접근에서 간과되기 쉬운 내재된 내과적 문제의 감별의 중요성을 다시 한 번 강조하고자 한다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제26권
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• pp.12.1-12.7
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• 2011

Objectives: Perchlorate is an emerging contaminant that is found everywhere, including various foods. Perchlorate is known to disturb the production of thyroid hormones and leads to mental disorders in fetuses and infants, as well as metabolic problems in adults. In this study, we attempted to establish an LC-MS/MS method for measuring perchlorate in dairy products and used this developed method to investigate perchlorate levels in Korean milk and yogurt samples. Methods: The developed method of perchlorate analysis requires a shaker and 1% acetic acid/acetonitrile as the extracting solvent. Briefly, the samples were extracted and then centrifuged (4000 rpm, 1hour), and the supernatant was then passed through a $Envi^{TM}$ Carb SPE cartridge that had been prewashed sequentially with 6 mL of acetonitrile and 6 mL of 1% acetic acid in water. The final volume of the sample extract was adjusted to 40 mL with reagent water and the final sample was filtered through a 0.20-${\mu}m$ pore size PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) syringe filter prior to LC-MS/MS. Results: The average levels of perchlorate in milk and yogurt samples were $5.63{\pm}3.49\;{\mu}g/L$ and $3.65{\pm}2.42\;{\mu}g/L$, respectively. The perchlorate levels observed in milk samples in this study were similar to those reported from China, Japan, and the United States. Conclusions: The exposure of Koreans to perchlorate through the consumption of dairy products was calculated based on the results of this study. For all age groups, the calculated exposure to perchlorate was below the reference of dose (0.7 ${\mu}g/kg$-day) proposed by the National Academy of Science, USA, but the perchlorate exposure of children was higher than that of adults. Therefore, further investigation of perchlorate in other food samples is needed to enable a more exact assessment of exposure of children to perchlorate.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.842-848
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• 2019

Objective: Heat stress poses an increasing threat for poultry production. Some amino acids have been found to play critical roles in affording thermotolerance. Recently, it was found that in ovo administration of L-leucine (L-Leu) altered amino acid metabolism and afforded thermotolerance in heat-exposed broiler chicks. Methods: In this study, two doses (35 and $70{\mu}mol/egg$) of L-Leu were administered in ovo on embryonic day 7 to determine their effect on rectal temperature (RT), body weight (BW) and thyroid hormones at hatching. Changes in RT, BW, and thermotolerance in post-hatched chicks were also analyzed. Results: It was found that in ovo administration of L-Leu dose-dependently reduced RT and plasma thyroxine ($T_4$) level just after hatching. In post-hatched neonatal broiler chicks, however, the higher dose of L-Leu administered in ovo significantly increased RT without affecting BW gain. In chicks that had been exposed to heat stress, the RT was significantly lowered by in ovo administration of L-Leu (high dose) in comparison with the control chicks under the same high ambient temperature (HT: $35^{\circ}C{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, 120 min). Conclusion: In ovo administration of L-Leu in a high dose contributed to an increased daily body temperature and afforded thermotolerance under HT in neonatal broiler chicks.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.192-199
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• 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate chromosomal abnormalities and their correlations with clinical and radiological findings in females with primary amenorrhea (PA). Methods: Detailed forms were recorded for 470 females, including the construction of three-generation pedigrees. Peripheral venous blood was drawn, with informed consent, for cytogenetic analysis. Results: An abnormal karyotype was found in 16.38% of participants. The incidence of structural abnormalities (6.8%) exceeded that of numerical abnormalities (6.15%). Turner syndrome represented 45% of all numerical abnormalities. Furthermore, the Y chromosome was detected in 5% of females with PA. Among the structural chromosomal abnormalities detected (n=32) were mosaicism (25%), deletions (12.5%), isochromosomes (18.75%), fragile sites (3.12%), derivatives (3.12%), marker chromosomes (3.12%), and normal variants (29.125%). An examination of secondary sexual characteristics revealed that 29.6% of females had a complete absence of breast development, 29.78% lacked pubic hair, and 36.88% exhibited no axillary hair development. Radiological findings revealed that 51.22% of females had a hypoplastic uterus and 26.66% had a completely absent uterus. Abnormal ovarian development, such as the complete absence of both ovaries, absence of one ovary, one absent and other streak, or both streak ovaries, was observed in 69.47% of females with PA. Additionally 43.1%, 36.1%, 67.4%, and 8% of females had elevated levels of serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and prolactin, respectively. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of karyotyping as a fundamental diagnostic tool for assessing PA. The cytogenetic correlation with these profiles will aid in genetic counseling and further management of the condition.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.303-313
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• 1982

가토(家兎)의 임신기간(姙娠期間)에 따른 난소(卵巢), 갑상선(甲狀腺) 및 부신(副腎)의 중량변화(重量變化)와 조직학적(組織學的) 변화(變化)를 조사(調査)하고 아울러 혈청중(血淸中)의 성(性) hormone농도(濃度)와 대사물질(代謝物質)의 함량(含量)을 분석(分析)하여 정상가토(正常家兎)와 비교검토(比較檢討)한 바 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. 난소(卵巢)의 중량(重量)은 임신기간(姙娠期間)이 경과(經過)함에 따라 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되는 증가(增加)를 하였으며, 분만후(分娩後)에는 정상(正常)으로 회복(回復)되는 경향(傾向)이었다. 조직(組織)의 변화(變化)는 임신(姙娠) 3주후(週後)까지는 황체세포(黃體細胞)가 비대(肥大)되고 분비과립(分泌顆粒)의 형성(形成)이 매우 활발(活發)하였으나 그후(後)로는 퇴행성변화(退行性變化)를 보였다. 2. 갑상선(甲狀腺)의 중량(重量)은 모든 관찰시간(觀察時間)에서 대조군(對照群)에 비(比)하여 높은 값을 나타내었는데, 임신(姙娠) 1, 3 및 4주후(週後)에서 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었다. 조직(組織)의 변화(變化)는 임신(姙娠) 1주후(週後)부터 상피세포(上皮細胞)의 비대(肥大) 및 엔주화(円柱化)를 나타내어 기능항진상(機能抗進像)을 보였다. 3. 부신(副腎)의 중량(重量)은 임신(姙娠) 4주후(週後)에서만 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었지만 모든 관찰시간(觀察時間)에서 대조군(對照群)에 비(比)하여 높은 값을 나타내었다. 부신(副腎)의 조직(組織)에 있어서 색상대(索狀帶)와 강상대(綱狀帶)는 근소(僅少)한 기능항진상(機能抗進像)을 보였고, 구상대(球狀帶)와 수질(髓質)은 특별(特別)한 변화(變化)를 인정(認定)할 수 없었다. 4. 혈청중(血淸中) progesterone의 농도(濃度)는 임신(姙娠) 2주후(週後)에, LH의 농도(濃度)는 임신(姙娠) 1주후(週後)에 각각(各各) 최고치(最高値)를 보였고, 그후(後)로는 급속(急速)히 감소(減少)되는 경향(傾向)이었다. 5. 혈청중(血淸中) estradiol-$17{\beta}$와 FSH의 농도(濃度)는 각각(各各) 20.0pg/ml와 1.30mIU/ml이하(以下)의 수준(水準)이었다. 6. 혈청중(血淸中)의 총단백질(總蛋白質)과 비단백태질소(非蛋白態窒素) 화합물(化合物)의 양(量)은 임신기간(姙娠期間)이 경과(經過)될수록 계속(繼續) 감소(減少)하였는데, 임신(姙娠) 3주후(週後)부터 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었다. 7. 혈청총지방량(血淸總脂肪量)은 임신(姙娠) 3주후(週後)까지는 큰 변화(變化)가 없었으나, 임신(姙娠) 4주후(週後)와 분만(分娩) 5일후(日後)에 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되는 증가(增加)를 보였다. 8. 혈청(血淸) cholesterol량(量)은 임신(姙娠) 3주후(週後)까지는 감소(減少)되는 경향(傾向)으로써 임신(姙娠) 3주후(週後)에 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되는 감소(減少)를 하였고, 임신(姙娠) 4주후(週後)와 분만(分娩) 5일후(日後)에는 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되는 증가(增加)를 나타내었다. 9. 혈청(血淸) calcium량(量)은 임신기간(姙娠期間)이 경과(經過)됨에 따라 계속(繼續) 감소(減少)되는 경향(傾向)을 보였는바, 임신(姙娠) 3주(週)와 4주후(週後)에는 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었다. 혈청인(血淸燐)의 함량(含量)은 임신(姙娠) 4주후(週後)에 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되는 감소(減少)를 하였다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.266-279
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• 1991

1989년 9월부터 1990년 8월까지 국제 원자력기구의 지역 계획에 의해 국내 26개 (후반부 31개)의 기관이 참가하여 T3, T4, TSH를 측정하여 결과를 모으고, 외부정도관적를 시행한 결과가 다음과 같다. 1) 외부정도관리를 위한 컴퓨터 소프트웨어를 작성하였다. 데이타의 입력, 정도 분석, 월별 보고, 분기별 보고 및 수행 분석 프로그램을 만들되 전체 검사실결과에서 추린 평균값(all laboratories trimmed mean: ALTM)으로 모집단평균을 삼아 편차, 편이, 편이평균 그리고 이들의 경시적 변화를 분석하도록 하였다. 2) 전후반 2회에 나누어 만든 및치 사이의 편차는 유의하지 않았다. T3값의 변이계수는 7.2%이하(정상 T3 값) 또는 9.2%와 13.4%사이 (높은 T3 값), 74 값의 변이계수는 4.6%이하(정상 또는 높은 T4값), 5.4%와 9.5%사이(낮은 T4값)이었다. TSH는 정상범위 값에서 21.7%이하의 변이 계수를 보였고 정상보다 낮거나 높은 TSH의 풀은 8 7%와 21.2%사이의 변이제수를 보였다. 3) 전체 검사실 추린 평균값(ALTM)에 따른 변이계수의 변동은, ALTM이 정상 T4값범위일 때 변이계수는 15%이하이었고, 낮은 T4값일 때는 중간값이 15%이고 분포범위는 50%까지이었다. T3값의 변이계수는 대체로 20%이하이었다. TSH의 변이계수는 1mU/L를 전후로 급격히 상승하여 200%에 달하였다. 4) 3표준편차보다 높거나 낮은 값을 보인 검사실들의 분포는 전체 검사실결과에서 추린 평균값(ALTM)과 상관없었다. 5) 첨가한 T3, T4, TSH에 대한 회수율은 T4는 104, 106%, T3는 67%, 74%, TSH는 87%, 86%이었다. 이상과 같이, 저자들이 만든 소프트웨어 프로그램으로 외부정도관리를 위하여 쉽게 데이터를 분석하고 보고서를 작성하여 갑상선호르몬의 경사신뢰도를 평가할 수 있게 되었으며, 위에 요약한 첫 해의 외부정도관리 결과를 바탕으로 참가기관의 동의하에, 앞으로 정도관리 항목의 확대와 외부정도관리의 지속적인 시행이 바람직하다고 생각하였다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2005

In order to study comparatively the effects of "Palmisoyo-San gamibang(八味消遙散加味方)"(AP), "Gyebu-Tang(桂附湯)"(GT) and "Boganyangje(補肝陽劑)" (BG) on the thyrotoxicosis rats, we have made thyrotoxicosis rat model by administration sodium levothyroxine p.o. during 4 days(Control group), and have administered solid extract of AP(236.8mg/200g/day : Sample I group), GT(80mg/200g/day : Sample II group) and BG(70.4mg/200g/day : Sample III group) p.o. to thyrotoxicosis rats during 3 days from 3rd day. We measured the body weight(BW), body temperature(BT), levels of Serum $T_3{\cdot}T_4{\cdot}free\;T_3{\cdot}free\;T_4$ and TSH after administrating solid extract of AP, GT and BG. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Sample I group showed significantly high increasing rate compared with Control, Sample II and Sample III group, but it showed significantly lower levels of BT, $T_4$ and free $T_4$ than those of Control, Sample II and Sample III. group. 2. We could know that AP suppress the alteration of $T_4$ to $T_3$. 3. Sample II and Sample III group showed opposite results to Sample I group in the BW., BT, $T_4$ and free $T_4$ Especially Sample III was significantly higher than Control, Sample I and Sample II, so we could guess that BG stimulates the formation of thyroid hormones. According to the above experimental results, "Palmisoyo-San\;gamibang(八味消遙散加味方)" is assumed to have a curative effect against the thyrotoxicosis rat induced by sodium levothyroxine, and to suppress the alteration of $T_4$ to $T_3$. And we can suppose that "Boganyangje(補肝陽劑)" has a curative effect against the hypothyroidism.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.140-148
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• 2015

Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between degenerative changes in brain [i.e., global cortical atrophy (GCA), medial temporal atrophy (MTA), white matter hyperintensities (WMH)] and neurocognitive dysfunction in Korean patients with Alzheimer's disease. Methods A total of 62 elderly subjects diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease were included in this study. The degenerative changes in brain MRI were rated with standardized visual rating scales (GCA or global cortical atrophy, MTA or medial temporal atrophy, and Fazekas scales) and the subjects were divided into two groups according to the degree of degeneration for each scale. Cognitive function was evaluated with Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD-K) and several clinical features, including apolipoprotein E ${\varepsilon}4$ status, lipid profile and thyroid hormones, were also examined. Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were performed to analyze the relationship between the degree of cerebral degeneration and neurocognitive functions. Results Demographic and clinical features, except for the age, did not show any significant difference between the two groups divided according to the degree of cerebral degenerative changes. However, higher degree of GCA was shown to be associated with poorer performance in verbal fluency test, word list recall test, and word list recognition test. Higher degree of MTA was shown to be associated with poorer performance in Mini-Mental State Examination in the Korean Version of CERAD Assessment Packet (MMSE-KC), word list recognition test and construction praxis recall test. Higher degree of white matter hyperintensities was shown to be associated with poorer performance in MMSE-KC. Conclusions Our results suggest that severe brain degeneration shown in MRI is associated with significantly poorer performance in neurocognitive tests in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, the degree of GCA, MTA and white matter hyperintensities, represented by scores from different visual rating scales, seems to affect certain neurocognitive domains each, which would provide useful information in clinical settings.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1504-1512
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• 2009

A feeding trial was conducted to examine the effect of high-temperature-micro-time (HTMT) processing of diets containing extruded soybean (ESB) in high quantity on milk fat production, metabolic responses, and the formation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and trans-vaccenic acid (TVA). Twenty-one multiparous Holstein cows in mid-lactation were blocked according to milk yield in the previous lactation. Cows within each block were randomly assigned to either normal concentrate or HTMT treated diets containing ESB (7.5% HTMT-ESB and 15% HTMT-ESB). It was hypothesized that the HTMT-ESB would affect the undegradable fatty acids in the rumen and, thus, would modify the fatty acid profile of milk fat. Both 7.5% and 15% HTMT-ESB did not affect milk yield, fat, protein, lactose and solid-not-fat (SNF), but the proportion of cis-9, trans-11 CLA in milk fat was significantly increased by these treatments. Content of TVA in milk fat was not affected by HTMT-ESB. The HTMT-ESB influenced the fatty acid profile in milk fat, but there was little difference between 7.5% and 15% of supplementation. HTMT-ESB feeding significantly decreased the concentration of plasma insulin and glucose, while plasma growth hormone (GH), triglyceride (TG), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and HDLcholesterol were increased by 7.5% and 15% ESB-HTMT supplementation in comparison to the control group (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in plasma LDL-cholesterol, insulin like growth factor (IGF)-1, T3, T4, and leptin concentrations among treatments (p>0.05). The present results showed that cis-9, trans-11 CLA production was increased by HTMT treatment of dietary ESB without reduction of milk fat, and the unchanged milk fat and yield was assumed to be associated with the constant level of thyroid hormones, leptin, and IGF-1.