• Acta Via Serica
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.153-186
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• 2020

The family as a social institution has survived most diverse political periods and appears resilient or at least able to reconstitute itself even in the aftermath of destructive events such as wars. Age at first marriage is one possibility to systematize the strategies that families follow in times of internal conflicts (e.g., civil wars), external interventions or peaceful times. The authors found that age at first marriage correlates with socio-political events whereas perceptions of insecurity lead to a decline in marital age. This paper is based on three case studies that the authors have conducted through ethnographic methods among Tajiks in the cities Kulob, Khujand, and Mazar-e Sharif in Tajikistan and Afghanistan. Combining Grounded Theory with the genealogical methods from social anthropology in order to generate demographic data, the authors introduce the method of grounded demography as a way to generate demographic data through ethnographic methods. Grounded demography offers a way to produce statistical data grounded in ethnographic research.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2022

In this work, the effect of nonwoven support during fabrication of flat sheet membranes via nonsolvent-induced phase separation, was investigated in detail. It was found that dope solutions with low viscosity tend to penetrate through the nonwoven support during phase inversion, resulting in nonhomogeneous membranes. A simple soaking treatment of nonwoven support prevented such unwanted dope penetration, and resulted in membranes with higher water and solvent permeance performance. The dope penetration through nonwoven was more prominent in solutions with low viscosity, and the nonwoven soaking treatment not effective in solutions with high viscosity.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.253-257
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• 2022

A 5-year-old castrated male Golden Retriever dog weighing 15 kg presented with evidence of intestinal intussusception. The patient had cachexia and severe dehydration before being referred to our department. Ultrasound imaging revealed a target sign indicative of intestinal intussusception. Emergency surgery was performed shortly after diagnosis. After a successful surgery, the patient was hospitalised for postoperative care. Initial treatment was aimed at the reversion of dehydration and the provision of adequate nutrition. Fluid therapy and central parenteral nutrition were administered via the peripheral and central venous catheters, respectively. Ten days postoperatively, swelling and edema were observed in the head and neck. Ultrasound and computed tomography confirmed complete blockage of the cranial vena cava due to thrombosis, which consequently obstructed both the left and right jugular veins. For treatment, dalteparin and tissue plasminogen activator were administered. However, the patient lost all of its vital function on the daybreak of postoperative day 11. Venous thrombus formation secondary to central parenteral nutrition application via the central line is a rare but possible complication. Veterinarians who are concerned about taking care of patients receiving CPN through the central line should keep the possibility of venous thrombus formation in mind.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.265-272
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• 2022

Many studies on poultry have been conducted in the poultry industry to improve their important economic traits, such as egg production, meat quality, and carcass yield. Environmental changes affect the poultry's economic traits, including muscle growth. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanisms by which simvastatin causes muscle injury in quail muscle cells. Following treatment with various doses of simvastatin, LD50 in the quail myoblast cells was determined using a cell viability test; cell death was caused by apoptosis and/or necrosis. Thereafter, the expression patterns of the atrophy marker genes were examined via quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results showed that the transcriptional levels of the muscle atrophy marker genes (Atrogin-1, TRIM63) and the upstream genes in their signaling cascade were increased by simvastatin treatment. This indicated that simvastatin induced myogenic cell death and muscle injury via protein degradation through muscle atrophy signaling. Further studies should focus on identifying the mechanism by which simvastatin induces the protein degradation signaling pathway in quail muscle..

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.11-19
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• 2023

Recently with the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies such as Chat GPT, AI semiconductors have become important. AI technologies require the ability to process large volumes of data quickly, as they perform tasks such as big data processing, deep learning, and algorithms. However, AI semiconductors encounter challenges with excessive power consumption and data bottlenecks during the processing of large-scale data. Thus, the latest packaging technologies are required for AI semiconductor computations. In this study, the authors have described packaging technologies applicable to AI semiconductors, including interposers, Through-Silicon-Via (TSV), bumping, Chiplet, and hybrid bonding. These technologies are expected to contribute to enhance the power efficiency and processing speed of AI semiconductors.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.587-602
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• 2023

This article presents the numerical modelling of transient heat transfer in highly heterogeneous composite materials where the thermal conductivity, specific heat and density are assumed to be directional-dependent. This article uses a coupled finite element-finite difference scheme to perform the transient heat transfer analysis of unidirectional (1D) and multidirectional (2D/3D) functionally graded composite panels. Here, 1D/2D/3D functionally graded structures are subjected to nonuniform heat source and inhomogeneous boundary conditions. Here, the multidirectional functionally graded materials are modelled by varying material properties in individual or in-combination of spatial directions. Here, fully spatial-dependent material properties are evaluated using Voigt's micromechanics scheme via multivariable power-law functions. The weak form is obtained through the Galerkin method and solved further via the element-space and time-step discretisation through the 2D-isoparametric finite element and the implicit backward finite difference schemes, respectively. The present model is verified by comparing it with the previously reported results and the commercially available finite element tool. The numerous illustrations confirm the significance of boundary conditions and material heterogeneity on the transient temperature responses of 1D/2D/3D functionally graded panels.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

High-density packaging technologies, including Through-Si-Via (TSV) technologies, are considered important in many fields such as IoT (internet of things), 6G/5G (generation) communication, and high-performance computing (HPC). Achieving high integration in two dimensional packaging has confronted with physical limitations, and hence various studies have been performed for the three-dimensional (3D) packaging technologies. In this review, we described about the causes and effects of scallop formation in TSV, the scallop-free etching technique for creating smooth sidewalls, Cu pillar and Cu-SiO₂ hybrid bonding in TSV. These technologies are expected to have effects on the formation of high-quality TSVs and the development of 3D packaging technologies.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.139-160
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• 2024

This study delves into the concept of cultural hybridity, using the Great Mosque-Cathedral in Córdoba, Spain as a unique case study. This monumental site stands as a testament to the convergence of Islamic and Christian architecture and ideology, a phenomenon that is often discussed in modern contexts. However, this study takes a step further, examining cultural hybridity across historical epochs to reveal its persistent relevance in shaping social and cultural landscapes. Originally a mosque transformed into a Christian cathedral, the Great Mosque-Cathedral is a prime example of this phenomenon, reflecting continuous cultural, architectural, and ideological exchanges between the two religions. This paper meticulously analyzes how the structure's architectural elements embody these exchanges, such as its ornate mihrab and unique double-arched columns. By integrating theories of hybridity with a detailed architectural and historical analysis, the study argues that the mosque-cathedral is not merely a physical space but a dynamic medium through which cultural negotiations and adaptations are articulated. The findings underscore the complexity of cultural hybridity, challenging simplistic interpretations of cultural exchange and dominance, and highlighting the mosque-cathedral's role in ongoing debates about identity and heritage in contemporary society. This comprehensive examination contributes to academic discussions on hybridity and enhances our understanding of cultural resilience and transformation through architectural spaces.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.500-512
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• 2003

This study was performed to help on the activation plan the purchase of apparel by shopping(catalog/TV/Internet) through investigating and analyzing elements related with apparel purchasing practice, purchasing satisfaction degree, and information demand. The subjects were 165 housewives residing in Cheongju who had bought apparel through home shopping more than once. The questionnaire survey was conducted from July to August, 2002. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Housewives had most a lot of occasions that purchased clothing through TV shopping among home shopping method. 2) Major clothing items that purchased through home shopping were underwear and casual wear. 3) Satisfaction for apparel product purchased via home shopping was difference partially item wise. 4) Respondents were satisfied with design, color, sewing state, but dissatisfied with size and materials. 5) When purchasing apparel through home shopping, respondents recognized the necessity of information on size, exchange/refund/returned policy, color, design, resolution of the product picture, care of instruction, texture and detail of apparel.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.68-76
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• 2019

Background: In colorectal cancer (CRC), 40-60% of patients develop metastasis. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a pivotal and intricate process that increases the metastatic potential of CRC. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Korean Red Ginseng extract (RGE) on colorectal metastasis through inhibition of EMT and the metastatic abilities of CRC cells. Methods: To investigate the effect of RGE on the metastatic phenotypes of CRC cells, CT26 and HT29 cells were evaluated by using an adhesion assay, a wound-healing assay, an invasion assay, zymography, and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Western-blot analysis was conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of RGE, which showed an inhibitory effect on the transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ ($TGF-{\beta}1$)-induced EMT in HT29 cells. Additionally, the antimetastatic effect of RGE was evaluated in a mouse model of lung metastasis injected with CT26 cells. Results: RGE decreased the adhesion and migration ability of the CT26 cells and TGF-${\beta}1$-treated HT29 cells. The invasion ability was also reduced by RGE treatment through the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression and activity. Moreover, RGE suppressed the TGF-${\beta}1$-induced EMT via TGF-${\beta}1$/Smad-signaling-mediated Snail/E-cadherin expression in HT29 cells and lung tissue in CT26 tumor-bearing mice. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that RGE inhibited colorectal lung metastasis through a reduction in metastatic phenotypes, such as migration, invasion, and the EMT of CRC cells.